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Pages: 26-28
Poonam Malik (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

Parents are the most important persons in a child's life. His personality and behaviour are heavily influenced by them. The same is true for his achievements. Achild's performance is dependent not only his capabilities but also his psychological environment. The present experiment was conducted in Haryana state to find out the impact of parental expectations on academic achievement of adolescents. The expectations of 100 parents, 50 mothers and 50 fathers, of adolescent children were assessed using a self-structured questionnaire. Academic achievement of adolescent was assessed on the basis of their previous examination scores. Results showed that none of the parents had low expectations of their adolescent children. Fifty two percent mothers and 56 % fathers had high level of expectations. Academic achievement of adolescents was found to be positively and significantly correlated with father's expectations (r=0.357*) and positively but insignificantly correlated with mother's expectations. No significant relation was found between personal variables and parental expectations except family income which was found to be negatively and significantly correlated with mother's (r=-0.292*) and father's (-0.281*) expectations.

Pages: 26-28Poonam Malik (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar…

Pages: 19-25
Ekta (Department of Family Resource Management, COHS, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)
Manju Mehta (Department of Family Resource Management, COHS, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)
Binoo Sehgal (Department of Family Resource Management, COHS, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

Acashless economy is the one which curtails cash in form of physical bank notes or coins and uses digital money. In a cashless system, payments take the form of money exchange in an electronic form which makes it safe and reliable. The present study was conducted in two districts, i.e., Hisar and Bhiwani of Haryana state with objectives: (i) to assess the comparison of satisfaction by working and non-working homemakers regarding cashless transaction (ii) to identify the level of satisfaction of respondents regarding cashless transaction. Two wards were randomly selected from both district headquarter. From each selected wards 50 homemakers having their own bank account were selected purposively through snowball technique. 100 working and100 non-working homemakers were selected thus, total 200 homemakers were selected. Apretested interview schedule was used to collect data and further analyzed using (SPSS). The findings of the study reveal that 94.5% respondents were satisfied with the terms of 'confident in doing cashless transaction' and 93.5% respondents were satisfied with the terms of 'easy to use'. Also the study shows that 49.5% respondents had medium level, followed by 30.0% with high and 20.5% with low level of satisfaction

Pages: 19-25Ekta (Department of Family Resource Management, COHS, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)Manju Mehta…

Pages: 13-18
Ashma (Department of Extension Education and Communication Management Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)
Manju Dahiya (Department of Extension Education and Communication Management Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

Aging is a natural process which worldwide affects all the human beings. The major event in life of an individual includes birth, infancy, adolescence, adulthood and elderly. Due to economic well-being and better health care facilities, increase the life expectancy of human beings. Global estimates indicate that geriatrics has been increasing steadily. This is called population aging. Aged segment has its own economic, health and assistance related problems in association with very low literacy level. About 60-75 percent of geriatrics are financially dependent on others, especially their children. The Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension system is a major source of income for the elderly. The present study focuses on awareness and utilization of various social security schemes/ facilities, rights and laws by geriatrics .Hisar and Nuh districts of Haryana state was selected purposively in which total of two hundred respondents from two districts was interviewed randomly. The results indicated that in Nuh, majority of respondents (94.0 % each) were aware of rights to justice and rights to freedom and in Hisar also, Majority of respondents (98.0% each) were aware about right to freedom and right to justice, right against exploitation (96.0%). In Hisar, awareness was more than Nuh about these rights. Cent per cent geriatrics were aware and utilized old age pension in both the districts.

Pages: 13-18Ashma (Department of Extension Education and Communication Management Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University…

Pages: 7-12
Ekta Melkani (Department of Family Resource Management, CCSHAU Hisar, Haryana)
Kiran Singh (Department of Family Resource Management, CCSHAU Hisar, Haryana)
Manju Mehta (Department of Family Resource Management, CCSHAU Hisar, Haryana)

The review study deals with various data for developing the entrepreneurial interventions for the rural women especially in India. The world is leading for economic developments still there are many women who haven't got the same literacy as men as well as are far behind in labor participation and earnings. This study provides the insight of why women empowerment is the need of the hour, how SHGs and Micro enterprises have helped the women to develop globally over the time and what are the other needs that need to be tackled for smooth developments in near future. The study focuses on the facts that gender discrimination has been driven down due to women empowerment except for the poor and unprivileged households, where patriarchy still exists. Also it is shown in the study that how the empowerment of women provides them considerable status and decision making power in the family and influences their opportunities as equal to men counterparts. The opportunities in disguise and futuristic potentials have been briefly discussed that are going to affect women's choices and abilities post Covid-19 pandemic.

Pages: 7-12Ekta Melkani (Department of Family Resource Management, CCSHAU Hisar, Haryana)Kiran Singh (Department of Family…

Pages: 1-6
Rajinder Kaur (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Community Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)
Seema Sharma (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Community Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)
Tejpreet K. Kang (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Community Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

Structured peer support system can offer an effective way of supporting the newly admitted students to adjust well at the university level. Structured peer support assists them to learn and grow together instead of one helping the other with a focus on community and relationship. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess the need of a structured peer support system for university students of Punjab. The sample comprised of 480 students from science stream studying in the 1st and 2nd year of undergraduate programmes drawn randomly from three purposively selected government universities of Punjab state, i.e., Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar (GNDU); Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (PAU) and Punjabi University, Patiala (PUP). A self structured questionnaire was administered to collect the information regarding the aspects related to the need for a structured peer support system in the university students. The results of the study illustrated that majority of the students from selected universities perceived high need of a structured peer support system. Furthermore, major proportion of 1st year students from GNDU and 2nd year students from PAU and PUP reported high need of structured support in emotional and academic sphere of a structured peer support system. Statistically significant differences were found in the 'social sphere' dimension of need of a structured peer support system and overall need of a structured peer support system among students from selected government universities.

Pages: 1-6Rajinder Kaur (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Community Science, Punjab…

Pages: 330-335
Neda Mehrjoyan (Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Khozestan Branch, Technical and vocational universithy (TVU), Khozestan, Iran)

The present study was conducted to determine the success rate of leadership styles in predicting the creativity and work creativity of physical education teachers in Khuzestan province. The present study is descriptive and correlational. While the present study is a kind of applied research. The method of data collection is through a questionnaire. Using simple random cluster sampling, the statistical sample of the present study is identified, and in a suitable situation, the research questionnaire is delivered to them to collect information. The present study population includes all official physical education teachers in Khuzestan province in 2016. whose number is 245 (131 men & 114 women) according to the published statistics of the education Organization of the province. According to Morgan's table, the desired sample number is 152 people.

Pages: 330-335Neda Mehrjoyan (Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Khozestan Branch, Technical and vocational…

Pages: 336-341
Kulsum Kidwai (Centre for Early Childhood Development & Research Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi)

Play is children's natural tendency and widely regarded a rich context for their learning and development. The importance of play as the basis for learning and education has been well highlighted in different policy documents and curriculum frameworks in India and worldwide. However, in the actual educational setup, emphasis is given on rote learning and subject based information, and play has been neglected and often discarded. This paper presents the preschool educators’ views about the concept of play and its use as a learning tool in Early Childhood Education programmes. A total of 27 educators from seven private preschools and seven ICDS Anganwadi centres were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule and their classes were observed. Interview findings revealed that educators understood play as a source of enjoyment, physical activeness, and a free choice activity. They regarded play as an important childhood activity, but underestimated its contribution in promoting child development and learning. Educators from both settings lack understanding of play based learning. They indicated that they viewed play activities organized by their own selves as leading to learning. Findings suggested that although the educators understood the importance of play, formal structured activities were preferred as well as considered more important. The observation data supported the interview findings and reflected minimal and no use of play based learning. And children’s free choice activities were only allotted for relaxation between formal activities. The concept of playful learning was found missing. This paper will be helpful in assisting education officers in planning and implementing training programmes for preschool educators that are child appropriate and playful. The basic implication of the paper is to give play its central role in children’s learning programmmes and granting young children their right to playful learning and be free from academic pressure.

Pages: 336-341Kulsum Kidwai (Centre for Early Childhood Development & Research Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi)

Pages: 342-345
Rajesh Dahiya (Department of Textile and Apparel Designing I.C. College of Home Science, CCS, Hisar, Haryana)
Saroj Yadav (Department of Textile and Apparel Designing I.C. College of Home Science, CCS, Hisar, Haryana)

Indian handloom sector of the textile industry is ancient and has served the economy well in terms of employment. The relevance of handloom sector in agrarian economy is massive because of its linkage with crucial and sensitive sector like agriculture. Lack of adequate market outlets dampens the enthusiasm of artisans who need to help in terms of product design, value addition and prevalent styles. Present study was aimed to provide knowledge and skill about value addition in handloom weaving to increase market avenues. Trainings were imparted to fifty women of self help groups who were already engaged in durrie weaving. Overall training effectiveness index was found 80.21 percent, while highest in embellished bags i.e. 94.66 percent. Perceived feasibility of value addition in weaving was observed highest for cultural compatibility and physical compatibility 93.33 percent, the overall PAFI was 89.87 percent. Significant difference was observed in self confidence 4.12*, managerial ability 2.68 and motivation 4.06. Adoption level and purpose of adoption indicated that 50.00 percent respondents adopted for household purpose and 18.00 percent as income generating activity.

Pages: 342-345Rajesh Dahiya (Department of Textile and Apparel Designing I.C. College of Home Science, CCS…

Pages: 346-350
Abdul Aziz Nomani (Department of Islamic Culture, Faculty of Islamic Studies Herat University, Herat, Afghanistan)
Said Jawid Hosaini (Department of Islamic Culture, Faculty of Islamic Studies Herat University, Herat, Afghanistan)

Productive lending is one of the most prosperous types of banking and financial institutions. Productive loans refer to loans that individuals or legal entities receive from banks to invest and economic growth in exchange for a certain percentage payment, thus it is while all Muslims know that usury is one of the most severe religious prohibitions and carries the heaviest ugly punishments of the Hereafter. Producers of productive loans, by raising some doubts, pretend to their customers that productive loans promoted by banks are a new phenomenon born of the Western civilization and do not include Muharram usury in religious texts. The purpose of this article is to investigate and find the correct and scientific answer to the doubts about the non-usury of productive loans. Applied research on the concept of usury in the Holy Quran shows that manufactured usury is included in the absolute concept of forbidden usury and there are no exceptions in the field and according to the authentic hadiths, the prohibition of usury in the sale and the multiplicity of usury are clear reasons for the illegality of productive usury. As historically the promotion of commercial usury in the famous civilizations of the world and at the same time with the revelation of the Holy Quran, we can reject the suspicion that the productive loans are new and have no historical reason. The results of the works on productive loans and the views of reputable jurisprudential societies are other clear reasons for the illegality of productive usury. Relying on the use of authoritative jurisprudential books of early and contemporary scholars and field questions is the method of this research.
Keywords: Usury, loan, depreciation, productive, bank.

Pages: 346-350Abdul Aziz Nomani (Department of Islamic Culture, Faculty of Islamic Studies Herat University, Herat…

Pages: 351-353
Augustine R (Consultant (Centre for Innovation & Agriprenerurship), National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE), Hyderabad. Telangana)

Entrepreneurship is a gateway of creativity andinnovation, employment and economic growth, which remains as a key platform for educated and unemployed youths. The combination of entrepreneurship with creativity and innovation is well established and the specific details and relations remain unsolved due to the change in business magnitude and its unsubstantiated models. This paper explores the dimensions of entrepreneurship and its strategies, which remains a strong force in the venture ecosystem.

Pages: 351-353Augustine R (Consultant (Centre for Innovation & Agriprenerurship), National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management…

Pages: 354-359
Saroj Yadav (Department of Textile and Apparel Designing, I.C. College of Home Science, CCS HAU, Hisar)
Neelam M. Rose (Department of Textile and Apparel Designing, I.C. College of Home Science, CCS HAU, Hisar)

India has always been known as the land that portrays cultural and traditional vibrancy through its conventional arts and crafts. Each state of India has its own traditional craft. Due to modernization, a lot of crafts are slowly getting lost in the history. But the love for craft, design and tradition can help the revival of traditional Indian crafts. The present research was aimed to preparescreen printed productsusing innovative designs created from traditional Haryanadurriemotifs. Market potential, acceptability,potential market outlets and tentative price range of developed products were assessed. For this purpose two hundred forty respondents were selected randomly. The average weighted mean score above 2.33 indicated that the developed screen printed cushion covers, sofa back covers and tote bagshave good market potentials. The potential market outlets suggested by the respondents werelocal market (93.70%),handicraft shops (85.70%), Khadi India shops (72.90%),fairs (79.10%), home textile showrooms (70.80%) and gift shops (56.66%).The suggested tentative price for cushion covers was Rs. 1200/-, for sofa back cover Rs. 800/- and for tote bag Rs. 350/-. Significant gain in knowledge of respondents was found after imparting training on development of screen printed products.

Pages: 354-359Saroj Yadav (Department of Textile and Apparel Designing, I.C. College of Home Science, CCS…

Pages: 360-370
Bitew Atnaf (Department of Special Needs and Inclusive Education, Bahir Dar University,Ethiopia)

This study focuses on investigation of the general education primary schools in-service teachers’ level of knowledge of inclusive pedagogy (IP) and factors that affect this variable. To achieve the above objectives, the researcher used embedded concurrent mixed methods research design: cross-sectional survey and case study methods. Moreover, knowledge of IP questionnaire (KIPQ), document analysis and interview guides were used to collect the data. To collect the quantitative data, 146 participants were selected through stratified simple random sampling from four purposely selected primary schools which were found in South Wollo Zone, Ethiopia. Additionally eight teachers and two principals were selected purposely from these schools for in-depth interview. The data were also collected from a module used in training of in-service teachers for inclusive education. The result of the study indicated that the study participants had marginal level of knowledge of IP (M = 2.44, SD= 0.85)and neutral attitude towards inclusive education (M= 3.14, SD=1.24). This result mainly attributed to the participants’ inadequate training on knowledge of IP and lack of teaching materials and facilities that foster the development of the IP, lack of familiarity with students with special needs and characteristics. The study result implies that these teachers could not meet diverse students’ needs because of their lack of knowledge IP and unwilling to include and use creativity to meet the students’ needs. This in turn may lead them to use traditional teaching method that marginalizes students with special educational needs. Finally, implications for in-service teachers’ training for quality IP and positive attitude are discussed based on the findings of the study.

Pages: 360-370Bitew Atnaf (Department of Special Needs and Inclusive Education, Bahir Dar University,Ethiopia)
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