Volumes / Issues
Showing 1421 – 1440 of 1508 results Showing all 1508 results Showing the single result No results found
Filters Sort results
Reset Apply

Pages:393-397
Elham Afshinpour and Ali Naseri (Department of Psychology, Firoozabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozabad, Fars, Iran)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of music therapy on depression in women referred to the emergency medical center of Shiraz. The research design was semi-experimental and the statistical population of this study included depressed women referring to Shiraz community social emergency center which were surveyed in the summer of 1996 Sixty people from this community were selected using purposeful sampling method and divided into two groups of 30 (test & control). The Beck Depression Inventory was distributed among the sample population. In this research, the experimental group participated in music therapy sessions for two days a week for one month, which lasted one hour per day. The members of the witness group also did not receive any training in this regard. After the end of the sessions, a test was performed between the two groups and again after a month, the next test took place. Data were analyzed by software version 17 (SPSS). The results of this study showed that music therapy reduced the level of depression in the experimental group.

Pages:393-397Elham Afshinpour and Ali Naseri (Department of Psychology, Firoozabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozabad, Fars…

Pages:398-403
Sujata Honap (Potential Enhancement Centre, Jnana Prabodhini Institute of Psychology, Pune, Maharashtra)
Anagha Lavalekar (Jnana Prabodhini Institute of Psychology, Pune, Maharashtra)
Veena A. Shepal (Potential Enhancement Centre, Jnana Prabodhini Institute of Psychology, Pune, Maharashtra)
Mrunal D. Paranjape (Department of Psychology, S.P. Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra)

Middle childhood is an important developmental phase which contributes to the foundations of cognitive and interpersonal abilities that will lead to a productive and fulfilling adult life. This study explores various aspects of cognitive and interpersonal responses among children between ages 7-12 years from Pune. Total 1107 children (574 boys & 533 girls) participated in Comprehensive Child Development Program (during 2012-15) which comprised of seven day intervention (duration of 35 clock hours). This intervention was based on Guilford's SOI model (Guilford, 1967) and assessment was done using Behavior Observations and Rating Checklist. As the data was non-normal, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used to test the gains in scores. Out of total 10 aspects, significant differences were found on all ten aspects at 0.001 levels with large or nearly large effect sizes. Results clearly indicated towards the positive effects of CCDP program in enhancing the cognitive and interpersonal responses among children.

Pages:398-403Sujata Honap (Potential Enhancement Centre, Jnana Prabodhini Institute of Psychology, Pune, Maharashtra)Anagha Lavalekar (Jnana Prabodhini…

Pages:404-412
Bolanle Ogungbamila (Department of Pure & Applied Psychology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Nigeria, West Africa)

Positive employee behaviors (comprising organizational citizenship behavior & workplace commitment) may overstretch and lead to occupational burnout, which may compromise the functionality of health workers and their ability to provide quality service to their patients. Less research attention has focused the moderating roles of work engagement on the connections of organizational citizenship behavior and workplace commitment to occupational burnout, especially in Nigeria where manpower deficit created by the migration of healthcare workers is on the increase. This study, therefore, investigated the extent to which organizational citizenship behavior and workplace commitment are connected with occupational burnout, and how work engagement moderates such relationships in 191 healthcare workers (55 males; 136 females), sampled from 3 public hospitals in Ondo State, Nigeria. The ages of the participants averaged 34.56 years (SD = 8.52). Results of the hierarchical multiple regression indicated that organizational citizenship behavior was significantly related with increased level of occupational burnout. Work engagement was significantly related with reduced level of occupational burnout in healthcare workers. Workplace commitment was significantly connected with increased level of occupational burnout. Results of moderation test revealed that when interacted with work engagement, organizational citizenship behavior and workplace commitment were related with reduced level of occupational burnout. To sustain the efficiency and well-being of healthcare workers (especially those who engage in extra-role behaviors & are psychologically attached to the organization's goals), management of public hospitals should enhance the work engagement level of employees in order to effectively manage their level of occupational burnout.

Pages:404-412Bolanle Ogungbamila (Department of Pure & Applied Psychology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Nigeria, West Africa)

Pages:413-422
Muhammad Akram Uzzaman (Department of Psychology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh)
A. K. M. Rezaul Karim (Department of Psychology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh)

This study aimed to examine the impact of family atmosphere and school environment on adolescents' emotional intelligence and future aspiration. Survey data from 1000 adolescent (Male = 500, Female = 500) students were collected and analyzed about their emotional intelligence and future aspiration. The average mean age of participants is M = 16.43 and standard deviation is 0.89. Preliminary analyses of the data in MANOVA using gender, socio-economic status, and family type as the independent variables revealed that it was only gender that has significant (F = 4.543; p < .05), overall effect on a linear combination of emotional intelligence and future aspiration. But the univariate results showed that gender has no significant effect on emotional intelligence and future aspiration. In the main analyses of the data in MANOVA using family atmosphere and school environment as the predictors and emotional intelligence and future aspiration as criterion variables demonstrated that the overall regression model was significant (F = 29.313; p < .001), indicating that family atmosphere and school environment have significant overall effect on a linear combination of emotional intelligence and future aspiration. The univariate results showed the significant main effects of the predictors (F = 48.106, p < .001; F = 12.174; p < .001), on each of the criterion variables. Parameter estimates indicated that both family atmosphere and school environment have significant positive effects on emotional intelligence. The implications of these findings for theory, research, and practice are discussed.

Pages:413-422Muhammad Akram Uzzaman (Department of Psychology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh)A. K. M. Rezaul Karim (Department…

Pages:423-426
Aduana Panmei (Department of Human Development and Family Studies
College of Community Science, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam)
Mahananda Manju and Mathur Anjali (Department Human Development and Family Studies
Ethelind Colleges of Home Science, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh)

Youth means quality or condition of being young, immature, or inexperienced; the period between childhood and maturity especially adolescence and early adulthood; the freshness, vigour or vitality characteristics of young people; any period of early development; a young person, especially a young man or boy”. The present study “Adjustment pattern of youth across different socio economic groups in Manipur” is an attempt to find out the adjustment pattern of youth. An exploratory research was adopted for the study and Manipur was selected purposively for this research. The cross sectional survey method and stratified random sampling procedure were used for the collection of data. A total sample of 180 youths comprising of 90 boys and 90 girls (30 each belonging to lower, middle and upper socio economic group) of Imphal city, Manipur from three higher secondary schools and three colleges were selected through stratified random sampling techniques from each school and college after implementing the revised socio economic status scale by Kuppuswamy. A Standardized Adjustment Inventory developed by Ojha (2015) was administered to assess adjustment pattern of youths. Mean, frequency, percentage were used as statistical procedure for the analysis of data. It is concluded from the study that maximum numbers of boy and girls had unsatisfactory and average category of adjustment in home, health, social and emotional area in lower, middle and upper economic groups.

Pages:423-426Aduana Panmei (Department of Human Development and Family StudiesCollege of Community Science, Assam Agricultural University…

Pages:427-431
Mehezabin Dordi and Mrinalini Purandare (Department of Psychology, SNDT Womens University, Mumbai, Maharashtra)

The study was conducted to find out the Life Satisfaction, Personal Growth Initiative and the role of Hope in Alcoholics. The sample population chosen for this study was, 50 adults diagnosed with alcoholism aged 20-50 years The tools of assessment used were Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener et al., 1985); The Personal Growth Initiative Scale (Robitschek, 1998); and the Adult Trait Hope Scale (Snyder et al., 1991). The statistical tool used for the study was Pearson Product Moment correlation. The statistical analysis was carried out using MS-Excel operation. It was found that there were also strong correlations established within the dependent variables of the study, namely Life Satisfaction, Personal Growth Initiative and Hope.

Pages:427-431Mehezabin Dordi and Mrinalini Purandare (Department of Psychology, SNDT Womens University, Mumbai, Maharashtra)

Pages:432-435
Mohammad Eftekhrifar and Ali Naseri (Department of Psychology, Firoozabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozabad, Fars, Iran)

The purpose of this research was to predict high-risk behaviors based on emotional intelligence and sensation seeking among drivers in Shiraz in 2018. The Method was descriptive - correlational study. Population contained of 230 drivers of above regions 2 and 3 in Shiraz. The sample consisted of 230 drivers from regions 2 and 3 via accessible sampling. Data collection tools included Siberia Sherring Emotional Intelligence questionnaire, Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scale and Risen & et al High- risk Scale. The results of the analysis of the data showed that there was significant relationship between high-risk behaviors and emotional intelligence among drivers, as emotional intelligence can predict high-risk behaviors among drivers. Also there was significant relationship between high-risk behaviors and sensation seeking among drivers, as sensation seeking can predict high-risk behaviors among drivers. Results showed that emotional intelligence and sensation seeking can predict high-risk behaviors among drivers in Shiraz. Therefore it is necessary to take steps to increase emotional intelligence and decreasing sensation seeking to decrease high-risk behaviors among drivers and then decreased many road accidents.

Pages:432-435Mohammad Eftekhrifar and Ali Naseri (Department of Psychology, Firoozabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozabad, Fars…

Pages:436-442
Mamta Singla (Department of Psychiatry, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab)
Arvind Sharma (Department of Psychiatry, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College, Faridkot, Punjab)
Nidhi Aggarwal (Department of Psychiatry, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab)

Present educational system is most competitive and lesser opportunities in educational institutes and services later on. High expectations of family and future insecurities among students force them to take pressure of competitive exams beyond their compromised abilities by various factors. It leads to psychiatric problems among students at very young age. To compare psychiatric morbidity in students appearing for civil services and final year MBBS examination. Two study groups of students for MBBS and of civil services were made and students were subjected to structured and standardized PGI-HQ 1 and SCL-80 scales to assess psychiatric morbidity. Data was collected and later subjected to analysis using chi square and p value. Using ICD-10 diagnostic criteria 11% of medical students were found to have Depression [F32] and 7% students were found to have Generalized Anxiety Disorder [F41.1].Various other symptoms as detected on SCL-80 subscale were depression 18%, interpersonal sensitivity 26%, phobia 9%, anxiety 9%, OCD 26% and anger hostility in 20% of medical students. MBBS and Civil services exam is one of the toughest exams to appear for which subject students to rigorous physical, psychological and financial burden putting them to high risk for various psychiatric problems. Timely intervention at various levels of stress can make them perform better and keep them healthy psychologically.

Pages:436-442Mamta Singla (Department of Psychiatry, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab)Arvind Sharma (Department of…

Pages:443-447
Ravijot Kaur, Hityant Rishi, and Sarabjeet Singh (Department of Agricultural Journalism, Languages & Culture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

Farming is a physically and psychologically challenging occupation, so there is a dire need of understanding and developing interventions to promote well-being of farming populace. The present investigation aimed to study well-being in relation to cognitive distortion, resilience and depression amongst farmers of Punjab. The sample comprised of 250 farmers in the age range of 20-80 years (i.e., 20 to 40 years, 41 to 60 years, 61 to 80 years) randomly selected from various districts of Punjab. The subjects were administered Cognitive Distortions Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-II and Friedman's Well-being Scale to assess the level of cognitive distortion, resilience and depression in relation to well-being respectively. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics i.e. Mean and SD and Pearson product moment correlation. Correlation analysis of the data showed that well-being was positively correlated with resilience and in contrast it was negatively correlated with cognitive distortion and depression.

Pages:443-447Ravijot Kaur, Hityant Rishi, and Sarabjeet Singh (Department of Agricultural Journalism, Languages & Culture, Punjab…

Pages:448-450
Bahar Ahmadloo and Mahboobeh Chinaveh (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Iran)

The aim of this study was to evaluate marital commitment and sense of loneliness and conflict resolution styles competing in the women referred to counseling centers and women competing is the city of Shiraz in 2016. For this purpose, 35 conflicting women referred to counseling centers and 35 non-conflicting women in Shiraz were selected and marital commitment questionnaires, loneliness questionnaire, standard conflict resolution styles questionnaire and marital conflict questionnaire were completed. The results showed that Lambda Wilkes's Significance was significant in contrasting and non-conflicting women (p <0.05). Therefore, at least one dependent variable can be distinguished in two groups with conflicting women and non-conflicting women. Also, the results showed a significant difference in the variables of commitment, conflict resolution styles and loneliness in conflicting and non-conflicting women (p <0.05). Comparison of means shows that non-conflicting women have higher commitment and style and lower loneliness than non-conflicting women.

Pages:448-450Bahar Ahmadloo and Mahboobeh Chinaveh (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Iran)

Pages:451-454
Fatemeh Farej and Ali Mohammad Rezaee (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of hope therapy training in increasing self-esteem, mental health, self-efficacy, quality of life and social skills in the mother of work children. The method is trial and the present study is a pre-test and post-test study with a control group in Shahrekord in 2016 that were almost 240 and 60 people was selected as the sample size. Due to the limited population and the trial nature of the study, subjects were selected by simple random sampling of the population. The data collected through a questionnaire and for data analysis, covariance analysis homogeneity of variances and to test statistically significant differences between averages of two groups (experimental & control) in post-test, statistical method of multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA), was used. The results of the study showed that hope therapy increases life expectancy and reduce depression. Hope is positively correlated with a sense of self-value and self-esteem the more hope, the more self -esteem, too. Hope therapy, due to the its nature , can be very effective in improving the quality of life of mothers of work children .Hope therapy process can be effective in decreasing depression and increasing of mental health. Hope therapy leads to increased mental health, self-efficacy, quality of life, self-esteem and social skills of work children mothers and has the most effect on mental health and then their quality of life.

Pages:451-454Fatemeh Farej and Ali Mohammad Rezaee (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan…

Pages:455-458
Marlyn Thomas Savio and Narender Kumar Thota (Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana)
T. N. Manasa (Bharat Institute of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, Telangana)

Encountering the side-effects of chemotherapy over and above living with the diagnosis of cancer can be a doubly challenging experience for patients. This study explored the relationships among symptom burden (physical impairment & functional capacity), life orientation (optimism & pessimism), and psychological distress (depression & anxiety) in patients undergoing chemotherapy. One hundred and five patients seeking chemotherapy completed Rotterdam Symptom Checklist, Patient Health Questionnaire 9, Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7, and Life Orientation Test Revised. Regression analyses indicated that physical impairment and optimism were the significant predictors of depression, altogether explaining 31% of variance. Anxiety was significantly predicted to the extent of 30% of variance by optimism, physical impairment, and gender. Therefore, assessing and intervening to boost patients' optimistic disposition is as essential as attending to their physical side-effects in the milieu of chemotherapy.

Pages:455-458Marlyn Thomas Savio and Narender Kumar Thota (Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana)T. N…

Pages:459-461
Arti Kumari and Ritu Singh (Department of Human Development and Family Studies Collage of Home Science, G.B.P.U.A. & T., Pantnagar, Uttrakhand)

The research has been carried out to study the influence of presence of siblings on adolescent personality. The sample of the study comprised of 160 adolescents studying in class 7th to 9th selected purposively from the schools located in Udhamsingh Pantnagar, Uttrakhand. Multi-Dimensional Assessment of Personality Scale by Vohra (1993) and self designed questionnaires were employed to collect the requisite data. The study revealed that adolescents' personality was also seen to differ significantly with their influence of presence of siblings. The domains of personality that is academic achievement, competition, creativity, enthusiasm, excitability, general ability, guilt proneness, individualism, innovation, maturity, mental health, morality, self-control, sensitivity, social sufficiency, social warmth and tension among class I and class II high significant difference as compared to class III and IV. Whereas, adaptability, boldness and leadership among number of siblings of class III and class IV have high level of significant difference with all the classified number of siblings.

Pages:459-461Arti Kumari and Ritu Singh (Department of Human Development and Family Studies Collage of Home…

Pages:462-464
Fatemeh Karami (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)
Mitra Mahmoodi (Department of General Psychology, Arsanjan Branch Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between mental health and academic performance and self-efficacy and academic procrastination of high school students. For this purpose, among all high school students of lamerd schools in 1396, a sample of 200 people (100 girls & 100 boys) was selected through two-stage cluster sampling. The samples were evaluated by the Goldberg Hiller General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), Sherer's General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES), Pham and Taylor Educational Performance Questionnaire (EPT), Solomon and Roth Blum Educational Inventory Questionnaire. Finally, the data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient test. Therefore, the results showed that there is a relationship between mental health and academic performance and self-efficacy and academic procrastination of high school students. There is a relationship between mental health and academic performance dimensions of high school students. There is a relationship between mental health and self-efficacy dimensions of high school students. There is a significant relationship between mental health and educational attainment of high school students.

Pages:462-464Fatemeh Karami (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)Mitra Mahmoodi (Department of…

Pages:465-469
Shefalika Sahai and Rushi (Department of Clinical Psychology, Centre of Excellence in Mental Health, PGIMER Dr. RML, Hospital, New Delhi)
Ram Pratap Beniwal, Smita N. Deshpande, and Triptish Bhatia (Department of Psychiatry, Centre of Excellence in Mental Health PGIMER Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi)

Schizophrenia is a serious psychiatric illness affecting millions of people worldwide. This illness itself brings a plethora of symptoms which are not only debilitating to the individual concerned but also affect the family and contribute to caregiver burden. Some factors- such as good functioning of the sufferer- may buffer or protect caregivers from the distressing aspects of caregiving such as their own self-efficacy. We aimed to study the impact of the patients of functionality on the experience of burden and self-efficacy of the caregiver. We recruited 50 consented persons with schizophrenia (DSM-5) and their caregivers. Functional Assessment Battery was applied to assess the functionality of persons with schizophrenia while Burden Assessment Schedule and Self Efficacy Scale were administered to the caregiver. Pearson's correlation and regression analyses were carried out to investigate the relationship between patient's functionality with caregiver's burden and self-efficacy.Caregiver burden was negatively related to caregiver self-efficacy indicating that as the burden increased, there was reduction in the caregiver's self-efficacy to deal with the illness (p=0.01). Caregiver burden was negatively related to patient functionality (p=0.01). Significant positive correlation was found between the functionality of the patient and the self-efficacy of the caregiver (r= 0.311, p= 0.05). We found a significant relationship between functionality of the patient with caregiver burden and self-efficacy, and between caregiver burden and caregiver self-efficacy themselves. Moreover, functionality of the patient was a significant predictor of burden; and burden was found to be a significant predictor of self-efficacy of the caregiver.

Pages:465-469Shefalika Sahai and Rushi (Department of Clinical Psychology, Centre of Excellence in Mental Health, PGIMER…

Pages:470-472
Farkhondeh Rezvani (Department of Counseling, Marvdasht Branch Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran)
Hossein Aflakifard (Department of Educational Science Farhangian University, Fars, Iran)

This research has been conducted to explain the relationship between job satisfaction and self-efficacy with organizational commitment. This research is a descriptive - correlation method in terms of purpose and nature of application. The statistical population of this study consisted of all women counselors in Shiraz education and education area who were selected by simple random sampling of 146 individuals. Organizational commitment, job satisfaction and self-efficacy questionnaires were used to collect data. Their validity and reliability were confirmed. Data were analyzed at two descriptive levels (percentage, mean, & standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient & regression). The results showed that there is a significant relationship between job satisfaction and its dimensions and organizational commitment of counselors. The dimensions of law and colleagues can predict organizational commitment, there is a significant relationship between self-efficacy and organizational commitment of counselors And self-efficacy can predict the organizational commitment of counselors.

Pages:470-472Farkhondeh Rezvani (Department of Counseling, Marvdasht Branch Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran)Hossein Aflakifard (Department of…

Pages:473-476
Ankita Gupta (Department of School of Social Sciences & Languages Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab)
Mohammad Amin Wani (Department of Psychology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab)

The cardinal object of the present study was to investigate the locus of control and big five personality factors among lovely professional university students. Further the study also strived to find out the relationship between locus of control and big five personality factors. For this purpose the sample of 100 samples were selected from Lovely Professional University through simple random sampling technique. Rotter's Locus of control Scale and Big five personality traits constructed by John and Srivastava were used for assessment purpose. For statistical analysis independent t-test and correlation analysis was applied by using SPSS 20.0 version. The result revealed that there is no significant gender and age difference found in big five personal factors and locus of control. Further no significant relationship between locus of control and big five personality traits.

Pages:473-476Ankita Gupta (Department of School of Social Sciences & Languages Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab)Mohammad…

Pages:477-481
Pranjal Buragohain and Binoy Munda (Department of Education, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam)

Helping attitude is an established noble behavior or the degree of the concern for the welfare of the others with regard or disregards of rewards. The present paper is an attempt to focus on the role of helping attitude exercises on building helping attitude among adolescent students. Helping attitude has very significant implications on the social and subjective well- being. Despite such significance, positive trait like helping attitude has been getting less importance in scientific psychological study. So, present paper is an effort to bridge such gaps in Indian context. Researches, conducted in the field of Positive Psychology support that traits like helping attitude reflects the practice of human strengths in social phenomenon as well as ethical strength of a society. Therefore, it is necessary to develop certain skills to build helping attitude in a scientific way. The researcher developed certain exercises of building helping attitude and experimented on a group of adolescent students. It was evident from the present research that helping attitude can be significantly taught and learnt through these exercises.

Pages:477-481Pranjal Buragohain and Binoy Munda (Department of Education, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam)

Pages:482-487
Poonam Singh (M.S. College, Motihari, Bihar)

Human Resource Management (HRM) involves all management decision and practices that directly affects the people, or human resources, who work for the organization. Now the world's economic and social structures have become more connected and reliant upon one another. Therefore it is vital to explore how humans interact within these structures. HRM practices would help managers and policymakers to enable them to integrate and redesign their entities' in achieving desired objectives and success in global world. The present study is aimed at exploring various HRM practices in private sector organizations and assessing its influence on organizational commitment. The sample consists of total 90 participants selected from private organizations. HRM practices were measured by the scale developed by Geringer, Frayne, and Milliman (2002) and organizational commitment was measured by the scale by Meyer and Allen (1993). Data were analysed by correlation and multiple regressions. Regression result showed that various HRM practices are significantly predicting organizational commitment. Further results and implication of HRM practices will be discussed in final paper.

Pages:482-487Poonam Singh (M.S. College, Motihari, Bihar)

Pages:488-492
Saghar Farshadfard and Maryam Kouroshnia (Department of Psychology, Marvdash Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran)

The purpose of this study was to compare five great factors of personality and loneliness of adolescents in single and multiple families of high schools in Shiraz in the academic year of 2015-2016.From these students, 250 students (98 boys & 152 girls) were selected by cluster samplingand tested the five major factors of the Neo character (Casta & MacCraey, 1989) and loneliness (Ashere & Wheeler, 1985).The results of the Manova test showed that there are no significant differences between the five major factors in the single-child and multi-agent groups. The results of independent T-test showed that there was no significant difference between loneliness in both single-child and multi-agent groups.

Pages:488-492Saghar Farshadfard and Maryam Kouroshnia (Department of Psychology, Marvdash Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran)
1...717273...76