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Pages:156-161
Neha Joshi, Deepika Vig, and Sarita Saini (Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

Developmental readiness plays an important role in early childhood period and it sets the basis for future development. It is multi-faceted concept comprised of physical, cognitive, socio-emotional and self-help skills of children. Thus developmental readiness of children assures smooth and successful transition to formal schooling. The purpose of the present study was to assess the developmental readiness of private school children. The total sample of the study comprised of 200 children (i.e., 100 rural & 100 urban) of class- I randomly selected from private schools of rural and urban area. Self-structured Developmental readiness checklist was used to assess its different components. The results revealed that most of the rural and urban children had high level of skills across all domains. Locale differences showed that both rural children showed significantly better skills across various domains of developmental readiness than urban children except in cognitive skills and fine motor skills. Implications of research for practice are also discussed in the present study.
Pages:156-161 Neha Joshi, Deepika Vig, and Sarita Saini (Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Punjab…
Pages:162-168
Tamanna Saini, Seema Sharma, and Tejpreet Kaur (Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

Sibling relation is a combination of warmth and rivalry. It plays major role in individual development. The base for social emotional development and child's temperament is implanted in early years between caregivers and siblings. It provides foundation how children view themselves, each other and perceive world around them (Bagdi & Vacca, 2005). The present study was undertaken to assess the levels of social emotional learning and temperament among children with and without siblings, aged 12-14 years living in Ludhiana city. The total sample comprised of 220 school going children (110 single children & 110 children with siblings). Social emotional competence questionnaire by Zhou and Ee and Thorndike dimension of temperament test by Thorndike was applied. Results revealed that significantly more number of children with siblings were found at higher level in the dimension of self-awareness, self-management and overall social emotional competence whereas significantly more number of single children was found at medium level. With regard to temperament, children with siblings were found to be more sociable, irritable, tender-minded and responsible whereas single children were found to be more impulsive and active.
Pages:162-168 Tamanna Saini, Seema Sharma, and Tejpreet Kaur (Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Punjab…
Pages:169-173
Nancy George and Lucilla O. Bance (Department of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines)

Any traumatic experience can leave a devastating and lasting impact on one's life. And this is more true with childhood sexual abuse (CSA), if the trauma goes unattended. It will negatively affect the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual behavior of the victim in the daily life. But there is also another side to this trauma. It can cause positive changes or post traumatic growth (PTG) and this research focuses on this aspect. Among the many different factors that contribute to PTG, coping strategies play a predominant role to play. Realizing the need to enhance effective coping strategies for PTG, the researchers have developed a Growth Focused Intervention Program (GFIP). The GFIP is based on the integrated concepts of Cognitive Model, Adaptive Information Processing Theory, and the Theory of Meaning. The program was evaluated by seven experts from the field of mental health and a feasibility test was conducted among eight female young adult victims of CSA, having low level of coping capacities and less post traumatic growth. The program yielded good results in the participants, having an increased level of coping strategies and more enhanced post traumatic growth.
Pages:169-173 Nancy George and Lucilla O. Bance (Department of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School, University of Santo…
Pages:174-177
Silvi Jose and Julom Angelina (The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines)

Suicide is a public health problem and the second leading cause of death among adolescents and youth. There are 800,000 people die every year. Most of the young who commit suicide have a history of psychological problems of mood disorder, substance abuse or dependence. Many contributing factors for depression and suicide among young adults are personal problems, relationship issues, the stress in the workplace and academic fields, family concerns, inability to find meaning and purpose of life and the daily stress and hassles of life. The purpose of this study was to develop an adjunct therapeutic intervention for young adults having depression and suicide ideation and to pilot test its feasibility. The researcher developed a psycho-spiritual meaning intervention integrating theories of cognitive, mindfulness and meaning management and coined a name as “LeHo-FiHo”, an acronym for leaving home to find home an inward journey of transformation and renewal. The intervention was subjected to expert validation and pilot testing with ten young adults with moderate to severe depression and suicide ideation. the result of the study shows a significant decrease in depression and suicide ideation among the young adults
Pages:174-177 Silvi Jose and Julom Angelina (The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines)
Pages:178-181
Sally Davis and Joy R. Tungol (The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines)

Losing a loved one is one of the most agonizing and distressful faces of one's life. Although loss is a universal experience, there are a number of adolescents in Kerala India who think that it is increasingly harder to adapt to the loss of a parent. The purpose of this study is to develop an intervention, Transactional Model of Acceptance Art Therapy (TAAT) for parentally bereaved female adolescents who are having psychological distress. The results of the pilot study displayed a significantly lower level of psychological distress among the participants. It is assumed that the proposed intervention may help the bereaved adolescents to explore the traumatic experiences focussing on the positive aspects of life.
Pages:178-181 Sally Davis and Joy R. Tungol (The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines)
Pages:182-191
Navleen Kaur, Gagandeep Banga, and Babita Kumar (School of Business Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

The employees of organized retail stores are facing extreme stressful situations due to tough competition and it's only under these stressful conditions one's hold on his her emotions can be checked. Emotional intelligence has a direct effect on job satisfaction as well as job performance of the employees. It has been considered as the major predictor of work performance. The present study was undertaken to study emotional intelligence and its effect on job satisfaction of employees of organized retail stores. For the study, 50 departmental stores were identified and 7 employees were selected from each store on the basis of Random Sampling, thus a total of 200 respondents were selected for the study. The study revealed that higher Emotional Intelligence leads to higher Job Satisfaction of employees. The various parameters on which Emotional Intelligence was measured were Self-Awareness, Managing Emotions, Motivating Oneself, Empathy and Social Skill. It was found that Empathy was the most important predictor which affected the Job Satisfaction of the employees to a major extent.
Pages:182-191 Navleen Kaur, Gagandeep Banga, and Babita Kumar (School of Business Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana…
Pages:192-200
V. Neethu Lal and C. Jayan (Department of Psychology, University of Calicut, Calicut, Kerala)

Mindfulness has been conceptualized as “bringing one's complete attention to the present experience on a moment-to-moment basis” and as “paying attention in a particular way: on purpose, in the present moment, and non-judgmentally. Mindfulness has become a focus of research interest in the health sciences. However there is a gap in the literature on a comprehensive review which studies different correlates of dispositional mindfulness. This article review 31studies on correlates of dispositional mindfulness. On the basis of selected articles three broad categories of discussion have been conducted such as the role of dispositional mindfulness as a protective factor in the development of different psychopathological conditions, dispositional mindfulness as a correlate of different psychological functions and finally dispositional mindfulness and it's biological correlates. Different facets of dispositional mindfulness along with possible mechanisms also been discussed.
Pages:192-200 V. Neethu Lal and C. Jayan (Department of Psychology, University of Calicut, Calicut, Kerala)
Pages:201-205
Gagandeep Kaur and Sukhmani (School of Business Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

The research was undertaken to study the effectiveness of grievance redressal procedure and its effect on labour-management relationship in textile industry of Ludhiana city. For achieving the objectives of the study primary data was collected from the industrial workers from textile units operating in Ludhiana. The data obtained was analysed using factor analysis and regression. It was concluded that simplicity of the grievance redressal procedure and quick relief provided by the management in lieu of the grievance are the important factors. As these two factors improve upon the labour-management relationship also improves.
Pages:201-205 Gagandeep Kaur and Sukhmani (School of Business Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)
Pages:206-210
Nidhi Marothiya, Sarita Saini, and DeepikaVig (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Community Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

Cases related to child abuse and exploitations of child rights are major public concerns nowadays. Despite having plenty of implementation for the welfare of children in India the condition of children is still worse. The school is a major social institution responsible for socializing the child and teachers are in unique position to safeguard children due to their daily contact with children. The study was initiated to identify the awareness level of teachers regarding Child Rights and Protection in Ludhiana district of Punjab. Total 120 teachers from primary section of schools were selected as a sample of the study. A self-structured 'Child Rights and Protection' Checklist was used to collect the requisite data. Analysis of results revealed that majority of teachers were quite aware about the basic child rights as per the Indian Constitution but the awareness regarding UNCRC (1989); POCSO Act (2012); and JJ Act (2015) was found to be very poor among teachers. Further, the locale-wise differences among teachers regarding basic child rights revealed that urban teachers were significantly better aware than rural teachers but, no significant differences were observed with regards to (UNCRC, 1989) as well as the (JJ Act, 2015). However, contrasting to the other finding of this study it was found that rural teachers were significantly more knowledgeable than their urban counterparts regarding some of the provisions under the (POCSO Act, 2012). The correlation analysis of awareness level of teachers with their socio-personal characteristics revealed a statistically non-significant relationship between the variables.
Pages:206-210 Nidhi Marothiya, Sarita Saini, and DeepikaVig (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of…
Pages:211-214
Shourya Negi and Shanti Balda (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, I.C. Collage of Home Science, CCS HAU Hisar, Haryana)

The present study was conducted in Haryana and Uttarakhand states. From Chamoli block in Uttarakhand, Gair village and from Bhiwani block in Haryana, Chang village were selected at random. Adults in the age range of 40-50 years were identified by snowball method. The total sample comprised of 240 adults, 120 from Haryana and 120 from Uttarakhand including 120 male adults and 120 female adults. Adult Sibling Relationship scale developed by Nandwana and Katoch (2010) was used to assess sibling relationship. Emotional intelligence scale by Hyde et al. (2002) was used to assess emotional intelligence of respondents. Results of the present study revealed that irrespective of the location (Uttarakhand & Haryana), rural and urban area of residence and sex of respondents, emotional intelligence was positively correlated with contacts, emotional closeness, confiding and overall sibling relationship; while there was negative relationship between emotional intelligence and conflict dimension of sibling relationship. Higher was the emotional intelligence; better were the sibling relationship among adults. Also, there was significant association between emotional intelligence and overall sibling relationship of respondents. Regression analysis also revealed that emotional intelligence was predictor of sibling relationships. Vice-a-versa, regression analysis also revealed that sibling relationship was predictor of emotional intelligence. So, it can be said that sibling relationships and emotional intelligence are bi-directional in nature, one influencing the other.
Pages:211-214 Shourya Negi and Shanti Balda (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, I.C. Collage of…
Pages:215-224
Dwarka Pershad, Neha Jain, and Parul Gupta (Department of Psychiatry, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana)

There was a felt need for developing easy, affordable, accessible and transparent method of non-pharmaceutical nature for academic, personality, adjustment and emotional problems arising out of modernization and taking a gigantic shape day by day causing wastage of manpower. Hundreds of universities and institutes were producing a force of large number of councillors to meet the challenges. The methods taught to these prospective counsellors were from Western books based on dynamic model, to promote self (a western-self). A newer behaviour modification technique based on 'we-self' (family- self) configured with narcissistic tendency of the parents was developed to match with our cultural heritage. It included rescheduling of a number of routine activities of the client by the therapist, to be carried out by the subject while parents assuming the role of co-therapist in the process. It required history taking of activity client had been performing, availability of parental time at home and constellation of family. In this process subject is allotted certain activities to be carried by him to discipline his wondering mind and parents interacts with subject with smiling face, without showing anger or anguish in non-critical and non-argumentative mode with subject as a co-therapist. This process, promotes the acceptance of each other, perpetuating family-self thus improvement with practice was assured to come. Empirically this method of treatment had been found better than any other conventional methods with acceptance by the authoritarian figure of the family.
Pages:215-224 Dwarka Pershad, Neha Jain, and Parul Gupta (Department of Psychiatry, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical…
Pages:225-229
Ravneet Kaur (Department of Psychology, Akal University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda, Punjab)

Mental health is an integral and important component of health expressing a state of well-being in which an individual realizes his or her own abilities that one can cope with mental stressors of life, can work productively in order to achieve success and is able to make contribution to his or her community. Gender being a social imputation of sex-appropriate role behavior has a significant impact on the exposure of individual to mental health risks. Women are integral to all aspects of society and promoting women's mental health is an essential part of their overall health. Mental health conditions occur more often in women and can play a significant role in the status of women's overall health. Mental health of women is a serious issue and their psychological well-being becomes a cause for great concern. Exposure to gender-specific risk factors such as gender based violence, socio-economic disparity, inequitable distribution of resources, subordinate social status and unremitting responsibilities for the care of others increase the probability of occurrence of mental health problems among women. The present paper addresses the mental health problems of women and provides the suggestions for improving the overall well-being of women. Empowering women in social, political, and economic aspects is essential which can go a long way in erasing their feeling of victimization and enhancing their self-esteem, thus paving the way for better mental health.
Pages:225-229 Ravneet Kaur (Department of Psychology, Akal University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda, Punjab)
Pages:230-234
Rupal Hooda, Sudesh Gandhi, and Manju Mehta (Department of Family Resource Management, COHS, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

Ageing is a universal process and it does not occur at a uniform age or rate. Due to longer life expectancy and decline in fertility rate, proportion of people above 60 years of age is growing much faster than any other age bracket in most of the countries. A study was conducted on 100 elderly people of Hisar district of Haryana state those were living independently. It was reported that half of the respondents (51.0%) were in age group of 70-80 year and 38.0 percent of respondents were secondary pass followed by graduate and post graduate (32.0%). Most of them were (99.0%) from general caste, married (74.0%) followed by widow and widower (13.0% each). Data revealed from Activity profile of elderly (IADL scale) showed that nearly three fifth of the respondents (59.0%) were in the high category of the IADL scale followed by medium category (40.0%) and low category (1.0%).
Pages:230-234 Rupal Hooda, Sudesh Gandhi, and Manju Mehta (Department of Family Resource Management, COHS, CCS Haryana…
Pages:235-243
S. Bose Veeramachaneni (Department of Psychology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India) Radhakrishna M. Kothapalli (Department of Sociology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India)

A group resilience training program is used as psychological vaccine to control the perceived stress of college students. Volunteer student sample of 32 in experimental group and 39 in open group are studied. Average age of sample is 20.6 years. Experimental group received resilience training program as psychological vaccine, which the open group did not receive. In this nine month follow-up study perceived stress scores (PSS) are measured using Cohen's 10-item scale, at four different time intervals namely-pre training in case of experimental group and initial rating in case of open group participants. Subsequent measurements are taken three, six and nine months after training for both groups. Results indicated the perceived stress of experimental group has decreased while the same has increased in case of open group who did not receive psychological vaccine. Significant probabilities are considered at 5 % level of significance. Gender differences are discussed in the light of previous studies. Obtained results justified the tested resilience program as 'psychological vaccine' to control perceived stress.
Pages:235-243 S. Bose Veeramachaneni (Department of Psychology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India) Radhakrishna M. Kothapalli (Department…
Pages:244-251
S.K. Sahanowas (Department of Education, Narayangarh Govt. College, Rathipur, West Bengal) Santoshi Halder (Department of Education, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal)

Resilience is important for undergraduate students. Students' families primarily protect them from adversity and provide social supports which in turn help in promoting resilience. However there is a lack of study about the effect of self-perceived family functioning on psychological resilience from Indian cultural perspective which was proposed in the present research. Psychological resilience and self-perceived family functioning were measured on 490 1st year undergraduates students (age 18 to 21; M=18.97, SD= .83) employing Connor-Devidson resilience scale (2003) and Family Assessment Device (FAD), by Epstein, Baldwin, and Bishop (1983). Regression prediction reported that self-perceived family functioning in terms of problem solving and roles significantly predicted the resilience with 10.8% variance. Others factors, i.e., communication, affective responsiveness, affective involvement, behaviour control, even general family functioning were not found to be significant to predict resilience. The study will be helpful to understand resilience of a particular population of 1st year undergraduate students with respect to their family functioning.
Pages:244-251 S.K. Sahanowas (Department of Education, Narayangarh Govt. College, Rathipur, West Bengal) Santoshi Halder (Department of Education…
Pages:252-255
Camelia Yousefi (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran) Siros Sarvghad (Department of Psychology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceived perceived domestic violence and the quality of sex in divorced women in Mofatteh Branch in Tehran. This descriptive study is a correlation type. This descriptive study is a correlation type. The statistical population of this study consisted of all female applicants for divorce referring to the Mofatteh branch in Tehran. This descriptive study is a correlation type. The statistical population of this study consisted of all female applicants for divorce referring to the Mofatteh branch in Tehran. A sample of 100 people was selected as the sample. Thus, in a one-month period, 100 female applicants for divorce in a court of law who were violent were selected as the research sample and were tested by two questionnaires (domestic violence & sexual quality). The results showed that the relationship between domestic violence and the quality of sex is reversible and meaningful. As domestic violence predicts 34 percent of the female sex quality variance. Which, according to the components of "emotional, physical and sexual abuse," play a significant role in this prediction.
Pages:252-255 Camelia Yousefi (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran) Siros Sarvghad (Department of…
Pages:256-259
Sorayya Asiri Sorkhehei and Aminallah Fazel (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

The purpose of this study was to predict occupational burnout for coping strategies and personality traits in the principals and vice presidents of district 5 of Tehran. The statistical population of this study consisted of all principals and directors of district 5 of Tehran city in 1996. In this research, 100 people were selected by multistage cluster sampling according to the framework of statistical society. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire consisted of 5 person factors, a burnout questionnaire, and coping strategies questionnaire. Validity of the questionnaires was verified using content validity and reliability through Cronbach's alpha. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and multivariate regression were used to analyze the data. The results showed that, one of the components of coping strategies, the component of acceptance of responsibility, can be positive and exhaust-avoidance component of burnout can predict job burnout negatively. Meanwhile, acceptance of liability has been more powerful. 2- From the components of personality traits, extroversion and conscientiousness can predict job burnout negatively; conscientiousness has been a stronger predictor.
Pages:256-259 Sorayya Asiri Sorkhehei and Aminallah Fazel (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan…
Pages:260-266
Narayanan Annalakshmi (Department of Psychology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)

Adolescents from low-income rural families are confronted with several factors in their everyday life that challenge their adaptation. They are deprived of the resources they require for healthy development. The present study attempted to identify the predictors of resilience and academic achievement among rural adolescent students at-risk. An initial sample of 414 adolescents (Males= 220; Females=194) was recruited from seventh and eighth standard of three Government schools located in rural areas in Coimbatore. A sample of 208 (Males= 112; Females=96) adolescents who scored high on internalizing/externalizing problems was screened-in for the study. The participants completed self-report measures of internalizing and externalizing problems, meta-cognitive awareness, self-regulation, experience in close relationships, and resilience. Regression analysis carried out to identify the best predictors of resilience, and academic achievement showed interesting results. Self-regulation was the single predictor of resilience. Self-regulation positively and attachment avoidance negatively predicted academic achievement. The secure attachment style also appears to be critical for promoting social and cultural capital among adolescents at-risk. Interventions with at-risk adolescents may focus on promoting self-regulation and secure attachment.
Pages:260-266 Narayanan Annalakshmi (Department of Psychology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)
Pages:267-271
Rekha Johny Neelankavil and Rosalito De Guzman (The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines)

Alcohol addiction is a family ailment that strains the family to that extreme point of family break up and affects negatively the growth of family life. It also affects negatively psychological and physical health. It destabilizes family income, oneness among the family members and the family dynamics. Women are worried and affected by their partner's drinking. The negative effect of alcohol destroys the wives of alcoholics, as it to the alcohol addicts. Various stressful experiences due to partner's alcoholism are reflected in the form of psychological problems especially the depressive symptoms among wives of alcoholics. The negative emotional state and thought patterns force them to perceive the life experience as more stressful. This makes a marked effect on their physical, psychological, marital and social life. Recognizing the need to help the wives of alcoholics who have the perceived stress and depressive symptoms, the researcher developed Cognitive based Acceptance Program (CAP) integrating Transactional Cognitive appraisal theory, Stress buffering model and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) model. The program was evaluated by six inter-disciplinary experts. After words, a feasibility test was conducted with ten wives of alcoholics who have high perceived stress and moderate depressive symptoms. The intervention was positively accepted by the wives of alcoholics and the results of the pilot study revealed a significant decrease in perceived stress and depressive symptoms among the participants.
Pages:267-271 Rekha Johny Neelankavil and Rosalito De Guzman (The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila…
Pages:272-277
Thomas Kuttiankal and Lucila O. Bance (Department of Guidance and Counseling, Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila Philippines)

The purpose of the paper was to develop an effective, and appropriate intervention program for young adults. The present study (Pilot study), thematized and tested the newly developed intervention called, Cognitive Spiritual Intervention Program (CSIP) on depressive symptoms and psychological well-being of young adults (18-25 years). A total population of 350 participated in the assessment through questionnaires. There were 189 participants identified with lower level of psychological well-being and moderate level of depressive symptoms. The study was conducted in two phases. Phase I: Development of the CSIP applying descriptive research method, and Phase II: Assessment of the efficacy of the CSIP using true experimental research method, Pre-Post-Test Control group design. The pre-test and post-test mean scores and standard deviation values of depressive symptoms of the participants were measured with Hopkins Symptoms Check List-25 (HSCL-25), and psychological Well-being of the participants with Scale of Psychological Well-being (SPWB). The mean score of the pretest was1.58 and post-test 1.14 indicates decrease in the level of depressive symptoms among the participants after the Pilot study. The p value shows significant difference in the pretest and post-test scores of Hopkins, (2.848; p=.004). The tests also show the mean scores of SPWB, pre-test, 129.70 and post-test, 224.80 increased after Pilot study and P value shows the significant difference in the pre-test scores and post-test scores of SPWB, (t= 2.803; p= .005). The findings show that Cognitive Spiritual Intervention Program is an effective intervention tool for enhancing psychological well-being and reducing depressive symptoms.
Pages:272-277 Thomas Kuttiankal and Lucila O. Bance (Department of Guidance and Counseling, Graduate School, University of…
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