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Pages:100-105
David Bennett (School of Business and Management, University of the Commonwealth, Caribbean, 17 Worthington Avenue, Kingston, Jamaica)
Laurel Stanley (Dissertation Methodologist and Dissertation Chair, Grand Canyon University, Arizona, USA)

The purpose of this quantitative, correlational research was to examine to what degree a relationship existed between job satisfaction and organizational commitment among support staff (cafeteria employees) in a higher educational institution in the Caribbean. The study included a sample of 27 full-time cafeteria employees who worked in a private for profit higher educational institution in the Caribbean. Study participants completed two survey instruments, the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) short form and the Klein Unidimensional Target-free (KUT) scale. The questionnaires were in the form of hard copies. The Spearman rank order coefficient was used to measure the strength and direction of the relationship between the variables of interest: job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Results found that there was a moderate significant positive relationship between overall job satisfaction and overall organizational commitment among cafeteria employees at the for profit higher educational institution.

Pages:100-105David Bennett (School of Business and Management, University of the Commonwealth, Caribbean, 17 Worthington Avenue…

Pages:106-110
Shabnam Ansari and Tejpreet Kaur Kang (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Home Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

Old age is beset with a host of problems relating to physical, psychological, economic and social zones of life. Health however remains a major issue to contend with in old age. For the individual, health determines his ability to perform those tasks which facilitate his participation in social and economic life. Life satisfaction among the elderly has become an important issue in geriatric care. The available literature shows that it is affected by various physical, emotional, social and mental conditions. The satisfaction of the elderly with life depends on subjective and objective variables. Therefore, the study aims to review variables such as income and social security, social environment (spouse, child, grandchild, relatives, neighbours, etc.) and the satisfaction with health status which affects the life satisfaction of aged elderly.

Pages:106-110Shabnam Ansari and Tejpreet Kaur Kang (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of…

Pages:111-115
Nitin Gupta (Research & Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Taminadu)
S. Azmal, Basha (Department of Psychology, Sri Venkateswara Art College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh)

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of meaning centered counselling and psychotherapy (MCCT) for purposively selected 60adults to reduce depressive disorders symptoms or associated anxiety. The adults were assessed pre and post intervention in experimental and control groups. we used the questionnaire Personal Meaning Profile developed by Wong (1998) Beck Depression Inventory-II developed by Beck, Steer, and Brown (1996) and Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale developed by Rosenberg (1965) to evaluate the level of depression and symptoms associated along with the anxiety perspectives, and measures comprehensive self-worth by determining both constructive and adverse feelings about the self respectively. This is the study of sixty adults of Positive Essence Psychology, Thamarassery, Calicut, Kerala. The adults were assessed pre intervention and intervened with meaning centered counselling and psychotherapy (MCCT) for the time span of twelve weeks. The adult's depressive symptoms and self esteem were reassessed after the period of twelve weeks. The outcome of the study revealed that the adult's experienced significantly less associated depressive disorder symptoms, and elevated in the self esteem. The outcome shows that the meaning centered counselling and psychotherapy (MCCT) techniques are efficient in reducing depressive disorders symptoms or associated anxiety and increase in self esteem.

Pages:111-115Nitin Gupta (Research & Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Taminadu)S. Azmal, Basha (Department of Psychology…

Pages:116-118
K.P. Ayisha Rahna, A. Velayudhan, and R. Nithya (Department of Psychology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)

Happiness is a choice. Valerie Bertineli, says there's going to be stress in life, but it's your choice whether you let it affect you or not. Happiness is a mental state of well-being characterized by positive emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy. The way you see the world and attribute it matters a lot in how you conceive happiness. Julian Rotter, developed the concept of “locus of control”, the degree to which individuals believe they have the ability to control what happens to them (internal) or how much they think that forces beyond their control affect their situation external. The present study is conducted with an objective to evaluate the effect of Integrated Psychotherapy on Happiness and Locus of Control among Institutionalized adolescents. A total sample of 30 institutionalizes adolescents identified with the age range of 14 to 18 years, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria from Kannur district of Kerala. The tools used for the study are Oxford Happiness Questionnaire by Michael Argyle and Peter Hills and Internal- External Locus of Control Inventory by Venkatapathy. Paired t-test was conducted for finding statistical analysis and the results revealed that there is a significant change in the level of happiness as well as in dimensions of locus of control before and after intervention especially in the internality and Powerful others. Whereas the chance as a dimension of locus of control did not seem to change.

Pages:116-118K.P. Ayisha Rahna, A. Velayudhan, and R. Nithya (Department of Psychology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil…

Pages:119-123
Manpreet Kaur and Tejpreet Kaur Kang (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

The present study was undertaken to see the correlation of perceived risk taking behavior with peer pressure among rural and urban adolescents Ludhiana district of Punjab state. The sample comprised of 300 school going adolescents (16-18 years) selected randomly from Government Senior Secondary Schools. A scale developed by Singh and Saini (2012) was administered to measure the perceived peer pressure of the adolescents. Significant locale-wise and gender wise differences were found among rural and urban boys in high and average levels of perceived peer pressure. Higher percentage of rural boys and girls perceived high peer pressure. Risk taking behaviour had positive and significant association with peer-pressure among rural and urban adolescents as well as in boys and girls. With regard to total sample significant gender differences were seen in all the three levels of perceived peer-pressure.

Pages:119-123Manpreet Kaur and Tejpreet Kaur Kang (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural…

Pages:124-129
Edward Hoffman (Department of Psychology, Yeshiva University, New York, USA)
Catalina Acosta-Orozco (Woodhull Hospital Center, Brooklyn NY, USA)
Xinying Chen (Lianjiang Qiming Primary School, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China)

Metaphor analysis has been found a valid way to examine the core values and flourishing of teachers in Western culture, but empirical evidence is sparse for their Far Eastern counterparts. In the present study, 60 teachers (mean teaching experience=6.9 years) in southeastern China responded to a structured questionnaire. It elicited their personal life-metaphor, whether they had always espoused it since youth, and if not, what had caused it to change; and how it guides their actions. Teachers were also asked to indicate which of 17 life-metaphors they most and least preferred, and to rate their happiness and life meaning from teaching. Consistent with their counterparts in Costa Rica, virtually all Chinese teachers recounted a personal life-metaphor. Similar to those recounted by Costa Rican teachers, these were predominantly active and individualistic, but differed by being affectively neutral rather than optimistic. The most preferred and least preferred life-metaphors were similar but not identical among the two nationalities of teachers. Consistent with the content of their personal metaphors, Chinese teachers reported moderate happiness and personal meaning from their work. The usefulness of metaphor analysis in aiding teacher development in China is discussed, and future avenues of research are highlighted.

Pages:124-129Edward Hoffman (Department of Psychology, Yeshiva University, New York, USA)Catalina Acosta-Orozco (Woodhull Hospital Center, Brooklyn…

Pages:130-134
Prabhu N. and Jaikumar V. (Department of Psychiatry, Government Institute of Mental Health, Kilpauk, Chennai, Tamil Nadu)
Fatima Jessy, M. (Social Welfare Officer, Government Institute of Mental Health, Kilpauk, Chennai, Tamil Nadu)

Schizophrenia is a serious and long-term mental illness. In the recent decades mental health care system across the world is moving towards community based care and the family caregivers have increased responsibility in managing their ill relatives. Hence caregivers are to be integrated within the mental health treatment plan. Caregivers often face difficulties in fulfilling their roles due to lack of knowledge about illness. This influences the process of caregiving in the form of their expressed emotions which is an important factor during the recovery process of persons with schizophrenia. One of the main contributors to relapse is expressed emotions. Hence, it is inevitable that they need to have knowledge about illness, treatment and available support for effective caring and management. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of psycho-educationon knowledge and expressed emotions of caregivers in the pre and post psycho-educational intervention along with routine out patient treatment. A total of 120 caregivers were samples. The study employed a pre and post without control research design where 120 caregivers of persons with Schizophrenia were recruited using purposive sampling technique. They were assessed using Knowledge about Schizophrenia Interview (KASI) and Family Attitude Questionnaire (FAQ) before and after the group intervention which focused on dissemination of information regarding schizophrenia and other psychosocial inputs. The knowledge about diagnosis, symptoms, etiology, medication, course, prognosis and management were found to be improved significantly (t=56.33, p<.000) after psycho-education. The caregivers were found to have a significant decrease in the way they expressed their critical comments, hostility, dissatisfaction and emotional over involvement. They were able to show a higher level of warmth (t-62.96, p<.000) after psycho-education. Caring for a person with schizophrenia exacts an emotional toll and it might result in a negative emotional atmosphere in the patient's family if they lack knowledge about the illness. This could reduce the caregivers capacity to support their ill relatives. The results prove that a periodic group psycho-education along with routine out patient treatment would be beneficial in providing better care for persons with schizophrenia.

Pages:130-134Prabhu N. and Jaikumar V. (Department of Psychiatry, Government Institute of Mental Health, Kilpauk, Chennai…

Pages:135-139
Ahmad Y. Aljawarneh (Ministry of Education, Irbid, Jordan)

This study investigated the differences in boredom proneness (BP) and private self-consciousness (PSC) between undergraduate and graduate students. Also, the study explored the relationships between BP and PSC. The sample consisted of 165 students at Yarmouk university (113 at the bachelor's level, 52 at the master's level). Two scales were used one for BP, and the other for PSC. Results showed that undergraduate students scored significantly higher on the subscale of lack of internal stimulation (LOIS), whereas graduate students scored significantly higher on the scale of PSC. Additionally, for undergraduate students there was a significant negative relationship between LOIS and PSC, whereas for graduate students there was a significant negative relationship between Lack of External Stimulation LOES and PSC.

Pages:135-139Ahmad Y. Aljawarneh (Ministry of Education, Irbid, Jordan)

Pages:140-145
Minimol Joseph and Lucila O. Bance (The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas España, Manila, The Philippines)

Self-compassion or extend compassion to one's self in instances of perceived inadequacy, failure, or suffering is a topic of substantial and emergent scientific interest. The present study examined the possible predictive effect of self-compassion on traumatic shameful memories of sexually abused female children. Participants involved 158 selected female victims of child sexual abuse from Nirbhaya shelter homes from Kerala, India who completed the Self-Compassion Scale, Trauma-Related Shame Inventory and Experience of Shame Scale that measured self-compassion and shameful memories respectively. Findings of this study showed a significantly strong negative relationship between sexually abused children's self-compassion and traumatic shameful memories. Self-compassion significantly predicted changes in traumatic shameful memories, such that greater reductions in the trauma-related shame were significantly associated with higher levels of self-compassion. Regression analysis of the data showed that self-compassion factors could account a significant variance of 83.3% in internal shame, 79% in external shame, 83 % in characterological shame, 81.4 % in behavioral shame and 73.3% in bodily shame aspects of traumatic shameful memories. These findings are consistent with the impression that self-compassion represents as an essential constituent for emotional issues such as trauma-related shame. This correlational study endorses the needs for psychotherapeutic intervention program in order to help traumatized children for accepting themselves by alleviating shameful memories

Pages:140-145Minimol Joseph and Lucila O. Bance (The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas España, Manila…

Pages:146-155
Sana Sarfraz and Rubina Kausar (Department of Clinical Psychology, Lahore School of Professional Studies, University of the Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan)

This research was conducted in order to apply two evidence base methods on mild autistic children. Applied Behavioral Analysis and TEACCH methods were selected for research purpose. The efficacy of these methods was checked by applying both methods individually and separately to children. The Applied behavior analysis was administered and completed in thirteen sessions; while TEACCH method took seven sessions. Non-probability purposive sampling and snow-ball sampling strategies were used for data collection. Two mild autistic children were selected. Applied Behavioral Analysis was administered to one participant and the other was treated with TEACCH. The pre and post assessment was done through CARS test. The data was written down with each session so that data can be used to mention in research work. Results revealed that the performance of child was more rapidly improved through method of TEACCH as compared to Applied Behavioral Analysis. Moreover; the overall results also suggest that ABA took more time as compared to TEACCH. The current research emphasized the need to test other mild autistic Pakistani children with TEACCH. TEACCH proved to be more effective as far as management of mild autistic children is concerned. TEACCH method is widely used all over the world nowadays.

Pages:146-155Sana Sarfraz and Rubina Kausar (Department of Clinical Psychology, Lahore School of Professional Studies, University…

Pages:156-161
Neha Joshi, Deepika Vig, and Sarita Saini (Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

Developmental readiness plays an important role in early childhood period and it sets the basis for future development. It is multi-faceted concept comprised of physical, cognitive, socio-emotional and self-help skills of children. Thus developmental readiness of children assures smooth and successful transition to formal schooling. The purpose of the present study was to assess the developmental readiness of private school children. The total sample of the study comprised of 200 children (i.e., 100 rural & 100 urban) of class- I randomly selected from private schools of rural and urban area. Self-structured Developmental readiness checklist was used to assess its different components. The results revealed that most of the rural and urban children had high level of skills across all domains. Locale differences showed that both rural children showed significantly better skills across various domains of developmental readiness than urban children except in cognitive skills and fine motor skills. Implications of research for practice are also discussed in the present study.

Pages:156-161Neha Joshi, Deepika Vig, and Sarita Saini (Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Punjab…

Pages:162-168
Tamanna Saini, Seema Sharma, and Tejpreet Kaur (Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

Sibling relation is a combination of warmth and rivalry. It plays major role in individual development. The base for social emotional development and child's temperament is implanted in early years between caregivers and siblings. It provides foundation how children view themselves, each other and perceive world around them (Bagdi & Vacca, 2005). The present study was undertaken to assess the levels of social emotional learning and temperament among children with and without siblings, aged 12-14 years living in Ludhiana city. The total sample comprised of 220 school going children (110 single children & 110 children with siblings). Social emotional competence questionnaire by Zhou and Ee and Thorndike dimension of temperament test by Thorndike was applied. Results revealed that significantly more number of children with siblings were found at higher level in the dimension of self-awareness, self-management and overall social emotional competence whereas significantly more number of single children was found at medium level. With regard to temperament, children with siblings were found to be more sociable, irritable, tender-minded and responsible whereas single children were found to be more impulsive and active.

Pages:162-168Tamanna Saini, Seema Sharma, and Tejpreet Kaur (Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Punjab…

Pages:169-173
Nancy George and Lucilla O. Bance (Department of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines)

Any traumatic experience can leave a devastating and lasting impact on one's life. And this is more true with childhood sexual abuse (CSA), if the trauma goes unattended. It will negatively affect the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual behavior of the victim in the daily life. But there is also another side to this trauma. It can cause positive changes or post traumatic growth (PTG) and this research focuses on this aspect. Among the many different factors that contribute to PTG, coping strategies play a predominant role to play. Realizing the need to enhance effective coping strategies for PTG, the researchers have developed a Growth Focused Intervention Program (GFIP). The GFIP is based on the integrated concepts of Cognitive Model, Adaptive Information Processing Theory, and the Theory of Meaning. The program was evaluated by seven experts from the field of mental health and a feasibility test was conducted among eight female young adult victims of CSA, having low level of coping capacities and less post traumatic growth. The program yielded good results in the participants, having an increased level of coping strategies and more enhanced post traumatic growth.

Pages:169-173Nancy George and Lucilla O. Bance (Department of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School, University of Santo…

Pages:174-177
Silvi Jose and Julom Angelina (The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines)

Suicide is a public health problem and the second leading cause of death among adolescents and youth. There are 800,000 people die every year. Most of the young who commit suicide have a history of psychological problems of mood disorder, substance abuse or dependence. Many contributing factors for depression and suicide among young adults are personal problems, relationship issues, the stress in the workplace and academic fields, family concerns, inability to find meaning and purpose of life and the daily stress and hassles of life. The purpose of this study was to develop an adjunct therapeutic intervention for young adults having depression and suicide ideation and to pilot test its feasibility. The researcher developed a psycho-spiritual meaning intervention integrating theories of cognitive, mindfulness and meaning management and coined a name as “LeHo-FiHo”, an acronym for leaving home to find home an inward journey of transformation and renewal. The intervention was subjected to expert validation and pilot testing with ten young adults with moderate to severe depression and suicide ideation. the result of the study shows a significant decrease in depression and suicide ideation among the young adults

Pages:174-177Silvi Jose and Julom Angelina (The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines)

Pages:178-181
Sally Davis and Joy R. Tungol (The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines)

Losing a loved one is one of the most agonizing and distressful faces of one's life. Although loss is a universal experience, there are a number of adolescents in Kerala India who think that it is increasingly harder to adapt to the loss of a parent. The purpose of this study is to develop an intervention, Transactional Model of Acceptance Art Therapy (TAAT) for parentally bereaved female adolescents who are having psychological distress. The results of the pilot study displayed a significantly lower level of psychological distress among the participants. It is assumed that the proposed intervention may help the bereaved adolescents to explore the traumatic experiences focussing on the positive aspects of life.

Pages:178-181Sally Davis and Joy R. Tungol (The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines)

Pages:182-191
Navleen Kaur, Gagandeep Banga, and Babita Kumar (School of Business Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

The employees of organized retail stores are facing extreme stressful situations due to tough competition and it's only under these stressful conditions one's hold on his her emotions can be checked. Emotional intelligence has a direct effect on job satisfaction as well as job performance of the employees. It has been considered as the major predictor of work performance. The present study was undertaken to study emotional intelligence and its effect on job satisfaction of employees of organized retail stores. For the study, 50 departmental stores were identified and 7 employees were selected from each store on the basis of Random Sampling, thus a total of 200 respondents were selected for the study. The study revealed that higher Emotional Intelligence leads to higher Job Satisfaction of employees. The various parameters on which Emotional Intelligence was measured were Self-Awareness, Managing Emotions, Motivating Oneself, Empathy and Social Skill. It was found that Empathy was the most important predictor which affected the Job Satisfaction of the employees to a major extent.

Pages:182-191Navleen Kaur, Gagandeep Banga, and Babita Kumar (School of Business Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana…

Pages:192-200
V. Neethu Lal and C. Jayan (Department of Psychology, University of Calicut, Calicut, Kerala)

Mindfulness has been conceptualized as “bringing one's complete attention to the present experience on a moment-to-moment basis” and as “paying attention in a particular way: on purpose, in the present moment, and non-judgmentally. Mindfulness has become a focus of research interest in the health sciences. However there is a gap in the literature on a comprehensive review which studies different correlates of dispositional mindfulness. This article review 31studies on correlates of dispositional mindfulness. On the basis of selected articles three broad categories of discussion have been conducted such as the role of dispositional mindfulness as a protective factor in the development of different psychopathological conditions, dispositional mindfulness as a correlate of different psychological functions and finally dispositional mindfulness and it's biological correlates. Different facets of dispositional mindfulness along with possible mechanisms also been discussed.

Pages:192-200V. Neethu Lal and C. Jayan (Department of Psychology, University of Calicut, Calicut, Kerala)

Pages:201-205
Gagandeep Kaur and Sukhmani (School of Business Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

The research was undertaken to study the effectiveness of grievance redressal procedure and its effect on labour-management relationship in textile industry of Ludhiana city. For achieving the objectives of the study primary data was collected from the industrial workers from textile units operating in Ludhiana. The data obtained was analysed using factor analysis and regression. It was concluded that simplicity of the grievance redressal procedure and quick relief provided by the management in lieu of the grievance are the important factors. As these two factors improve upon the labour-management relationship also improves.

Pages:201-205Gagandeep Kaur and Sukhmani (School of Business Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

Pages:206-210
Nidhi Marothiya, Sarita Saini, and DeepikaVig (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Community Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

Cases related to child abuse and exploitations of child rights are major public concerns nowadays. Despite having plenty of implementation for the welfare of children in India the condition of children is still worse. The school is a major social institution responsible for socializing the child and teachers are in unique position to safeguard children due to their daily contact with children. The study was initiated to identify the awareness level of teachers regarding Child Rights and Protection in Ludhiana district of Punjab. Total 120 teachers from primary section of schools were selected as a sample of the study. A self-structured 'Child Rights and Protection' Checklist was used to collect the requisite data. Analysis of results revealed that majority of teachers were quite aware about the basic child rights as per the Indian Constitution but the awareness regarding UNCRC (1989); POCSO Act (2012); and JJ Act (2015) was found to be very poor among teachers. Further, the locale-wise differences among teachers regarding basic child rights revealed that urban teachers were significantly better aware than rural teachers but, no significant differences were observed with regards to (UNCRC, 1989) as well as the (JJ Act, 2015). However, contrasting to the other finding of this study it was found that rural teachers were significantly more knowledgeable than their urban counterparts regarding some of the provisions under the (POCSO Act, 2012). The correlation analysis of awareness level of teachers with their socio-personal characteristics revealed a statistically non-significant relationship between the variables.

Pages:206-210Nidhi Marothiya, Sarita Saini, and DeepikaVig (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of…

Pages:211-214
Shourya Negi and Shanti Balda (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, I.C. Collage of Home Science, CCS HAU Hisar, Haryana)

The present study was conducted in Haryana and Uttarakhand states. From Chamoli block in Uttarakhand, Gair village and from Bhiwani block in Haryana, Chang village were selected at random. Adults in the age range of 40-50 years were identified by snowball method. The total sample comprised of 240 adults, 120 from Haryana and 120 from Uttarakhand including 120 male adults and 120 female adults. Adult Sibling Relationship scale developed by Nandwana and Katoch (2010) was used to assess sibling relationship. Emotional intelligence scale by Hyde et al. (2002) was used to assess emotional intelligence of respondents. Results of the present study revealed that irrespective of the location (Uttarakhand & Haryana), rural and urban area of residence and sex of respondents, emotional intelligence was positively correlated with contacts, emotional closeness, confiding and overall sibling relationship; while there was negative relationship between emotional intelligence and conflict dimension of sibling relationship. Higher was the emotional intelligence; better were the sibling relationship among adults. Also, there was significant association between emotional intelligence and overall sibling relationship of respondents. Regression analysis also revealed that emotional intelligence was predictor of sibling relationships. Vice-a-versa, regression analysis also revealed that sibling relationship was predictor of emotional intelligence. So, it can be said that sibling relationships and emotional intelligence are bi-directional in nature, one influencing the other.

Pages:211-214Shourya Negi and Shanti Balda (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, I.C. Collage of…
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