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Pages:436-442
Mamta Singla (Department of Psychiatry, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab)
Arvind Sharma (Department of Psychiatry, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College, Faridkot, Punjab)
Nidhi Aggarwal (Department of Psychiatry, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab)

Present educational system is most competitive and lesser opportunities in educational institutes and services later on. High expectations of family and future insecurities among students force them to take pressure of competitive exams beyond their compromised abilities by various factors. It leads to psychiatric problems among students at very young age. To compare psychiatric morbidity in students appearing for civil services and final year MBBS examination. Two study groups of students for MBBS and of civil services were made and students were subjected to structured and standardized PGI-HQ 1 and SCL-80 scales to assess psychiatric morbidity. Data was collected and later subjected to analysis using chi square and p value. Using ICD-10 diagnostic criteria 11% of medical students were found to have Depression [F32] and 7% students were found to have Generalized Anxiety Disorder [F41.1].Various other symptoms as detected on SCL-80 subscale were depression 18%, interpersonal sensitivity 26%, phobia 9%, anxiety 9%, OCD 26% and anger hostility in 20% of medical students. MBBS and Civil services exam is one of the toughest exams to appear for which subject students to rigorous physical, psychological and financial burden putting them to high risk for various psychiatric problems. Timely intervention at various levels of stress can make them perform better and keep them healthy psychologically.

Pages:436-442Mamta Singla (Department of Psychiatry, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab)Arvind Sharma (Department of…

Pages:443-447
Ravijot Kaur, Hityant Rishi, and Sarabjeet Singh (Department of Agricultural Journalism, Languages & Culture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

Farming is a physically and psychologically challenging occupation, so there is a dire need of understanding and developing interventions to promote well-being of farming populace. The present investigation aimed to study well-being in relation to cognitive distortion, resilience and depression amongst farmers of Punjab. The sample comprised of 250 farmers in the age range of 20-80 years (i.e., 20 to 40 years, 41 to 60 years, 61 to 80 years) randomly selected from various districts of Punjab. The subjects were administered Cognitive Distortions Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-II and Friedman's Well-being Scale to assess the level of cognitive distortion, resilience and depression in relation to well-being respectively. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics i.e. Mean and SD and Pearson product moment correlation. Correlation analysis of the data showed that well-being was positively correlated with resilience and in contrast it was negatively correlated with cognitive distortion and depression.

Pages:443-447Ravijot Kaur, Hityant Rishi, and Sarabjeet Singh (Department of Agricultural Journalism, Languages & Culture, Punjab…

Pages:448-450
Bahar Ahmadloo and Mahboobeh Chinaveh (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Iran)

The aim of this study was to evaluate marital commitment and sense of loneliness and conflict resolution styles competing in the women referred to counseling centers and women competing is the city of Shiraz in 2016. For this purpose, 35 conflicting women referred to counseling centers and 35 non-conflicting women in Shiraz were selected and marital commitment questionnaires, loneliness questionnaire, standard conflict resolution styles questionnaire and marital conflict questionnaire were completed. The results showed that Lambda Wilkes's Significance was significant in contrasting and non-conflicting women (p <0.05). Therefore, at least one dependent variable can be distinguished in two groups with conflicting women and non-conflicting women. Also, the results showed a significant difference in the variables of commitment, conflict resolution styles and loneliness in conflicting and non-conflicting women (p <0.05). Comparison of means shows that non-conflicting women have higher commitment and style and lower loneliness than non-conflicting women.

Pages:448-450Bahar Ahmadloo and Mahboobeh Chinaveh (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Iran)

Pages:451-454
Fatemeh Farej and Ali Mohammad Rezaee (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of hope therapy training in increasing self-esteem, mental health, self-efficacy, quality of life and social skills in the mother of work children. The method is trial and the present study is a pre-test and post-test study with a control group in Shahrekord in 2016 that were almost 240 and 60 people was selected as the sample size. Due to the limited population and the trial nature of the study, subjects were selected by simple random sampling of the population. The data collected through a questionnaire and for data analysis, covariance analysis homogeneity of variances and to test statistically significant differences between averages of two groups (experimental & control) in post-test, statistical method of multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA), was used. The results of the study showed that hope therapy increases life expectancy and reduce depression. Hope is positively correlated with a sense of self-value and self-esteem the more hope, the more self -esteem, too. Hope therapy, due to the its nature , can be very effective in improving the quality of life of mothers of work children .Hope therapy process can be effective in decreasing depression and increasing of mental health. Hope therapy leads to increased mental health, self-efficacy, quality of life, self-esteem and social skills of work children mothers and has the most effect on mental health and then their quality of life.

Pages:451-454Fatemeh Farej and Ali Mohammad Rezaee (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan…

Pages:455-458
Marlyn Thomas Savio and Narender Kumar Thota (Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana)
T. N. Manasa (Bharat Institute of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, Telangana)

Encountering the side-effects of chemotherapy over and above living with the diagnosis of cancer can be a doubly challenging experience for patients. This study explored the relationships among symptom burden (physical impairment & functional capacity), life orientation (optimism & pessimism), and psychological distress (depression & anxiety) in patients undergoing chemotherapy. One hundred and five patients seeking chemotherapy completed Rotterdam Symptom Checklist, Patient Health Questionnaire 9, Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7, and Life Orientation Test Revised. Regression analyses indicated that physical impairment and optimism were the significant predictors of depression, altogether explaining 31% of variance. Anxiety was significantly predicted to the extent of 30% of variance by optimism, physical impairment, and gender. Therefore, assessing and intervening to boost patients' optimistic disposition is as essential as attending to their physical side-effects in the milieu of chemotherapy.

Pages:455-458Marlyn Thomas Savio and Narender Kumar Thota (Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana)T. N…

Pages:459-461
Arti Kumari and Ritu Singh (Department of Human Development and Family Studies Collage of Home Science, G.B.P.U.A. & T., Pantnagar, Uttrakhand)

The research has been carried out to study the influence of presence of siblings on adolescent personality. The sample of the study comprised of 160 adolescents studying in class 7th to 9th selected purposively from the schools located in Udhamsingh Pantnagar, Uttrakhand. Multi-Dimensional Assessment of Personality Scale by Vohra (1993) and self designed questionnaires were employed to collect the requisite data. The study revealed that adolescents' personality was also seen to differ significantly with their influence of presence of siblings. The domains of personality that is academic achievement, competition, creativity, enthusiasm, excitability, general ability, guilt proneness, individualism, innovation, maturity, mental health, morality, self-control, sensitivity, social sufficiency, social warmth and tension among class I and class II high significant difference as compared to class III and IV. Whereas, adaptability, boldness and leadership among number of siblings of class III and class IV have high level of significant difference with all the classified number of siblings.

Pages:459-461Arti Kumari and Ritu Singh (Department of Human Development and Family Studies Collage of Home…

Pages:462-464
Fatemeh Karami (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)
Mitra Mahmoodi (Department of General Psychology, Arsanjan Branch Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between mental health and academic performance and self-efficacy and academic procrastination of high school students. For this purpose, among all high school students of lamerd schools in 1396, a sample of 200 people (100 girls & 100 boys) was selected through two-stage cluster sampling. The samples were evaluated by the Goldberg Hiller General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), Sherer's General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES), Pham and Taylor Educational Performance Questionnaire (EPT), Solomon and Roth Blum Educational Inventory Questionnaire. Finally, the data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient test. Therefore, the results showed that there is a relationship between mental health and academic performance and self-efficacy and academic procrastination of high school students. There is a relationship between mental health and academic performance dimensions of high school students. There is a relationship between mental health and self-efficacy dimensions of high school students. There is a significant relationship between mental health and educational attainment of high school students.

Pages:462-464Fatemeh Karami (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)Mitra Mahmoodi (Department of…

Pages:465-469
Shefalika Sahai and Rushi (Department of Clinical Psychology, Centre of Excellence in Mental Health, PGIMER Dr. RML, Hospital, New Delhi)
Ram Pratap Beniwal, Smita N. Deshpande, and Triptish Bhatia (Department of Psychiatry, Centre of Excellence in Mental Health PGIMER Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi)

Schizophrenia is a serious psychiatric illness affecting millions of people worldwide. This illness itself brings a plethora of symptoms which are not only debilitating to the individual concerned but also affect the family and contribute to caregiver burden. Some factors- such as good functioning of the sufferer- may buffer or protect caregivers from the distressing aspects of caregiving such as their own self-efficacy. We aimed to study the impact of the patients of functionality on the experience of burden and self-efficacy of the caregiver. We recruited 50 consented persons with schizophrenia (DSM-5) and their caregivers. Functional Assessment Battery was applied to assess the functionality of persons with schizophrenia while Burden Assessment Schedule and Self Efficacy Scale were administered to the caregiver. Pearson's correlation and regression analyses were carried out to investigate the relationship between patient's functionality with caregiver's burden and self-efficacy.Caregiver burden was negatively related to caregiver self-efficacy indicating that as the burden increased, there was reduction in the caregiver's self-efficacy to deal with the illness (p=0.01). Caregiver burden was negatively related to patient functionality (p=0.01). Significant positive correlation was found between the functionality of the patient and the self-efficacy of the caregiver (r= 0.311, p= 0.05). We found a significant relationship between functionality of the patient with caregiver burden and self-efficacy, and between caregiver burden and caregiver self-efficacy themselves. Moreover, functionality of the patient was a significant predictor of burden; and burden was found to be a significant predictor of self-efficacy of the caregiver.

Pages:465-469Shefalika Sahai and Rushi (Department of Clinical Psychology, Centre of Excellence in Mental Health, PGIMER…

Pages:470-472
Farkhondeh Rezvani (Department of Counseling, Marvdasht Branch Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran)
Hossein Aflakifard (Department of Educational Science Farhangian University, Fars, Iran)

This research has been conducted to explain the relationship between job satisfaction and self-efficacy with organizational commitment. This research is a descriptive - correlation method in terms of purpose and nature of application. The statistical population of this study consisted of all women counselors in Shiraz education and education area who were selected by simple random sampling of 146 individuals. Organizational commitment, job satisfaction and self-efficacy questionnaires were used to collect data. Their validity and reliability were confirmed. Data were analyzed at two descriptive levels (percentage, mean, & standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient & regression). The results showed that there is a significant relationship between job satisfaction and its dimensions and organizational commitment of counselors. The dimensions of law and colleagues can predict organizational commitment, there is a significant relationship between self-efficacy and organizational commitment of counselors And self-efficacy can predict the organizational commitment of counselors.

Pages:470-472Farkhondeh Rezvani (Department of Counseling, Marvdasht Branch Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran)Hossein Aflakifard (Department of…

Pages:473-476
Ankita Gupta (Department of School of Social Sciences & Languages Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab)
Mohammad Amin Wani (Department of Psychology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab)

The cardinal object of the present study was to investigate the locus of control and big five personality factors among lovely professional university students. Further the study also strived to find out the relationship between locus of control and big five personality factors. For this purpose the sample of 100 samples were selected from Lovely Professional University through simple random sampling technique. Rotter's Locus of control Scale and Big five personality traits constructed by John and Srivastava were used for assessment purpose. For statistical analysis independent t-test and correlation analysis was applied by using SPSS 20.0 version. The result revealed that there is no significant gender and age difference found in big five personal factors and locus of control. Further no significant relationship between locus of control and big five personality traits.

Pages:473-476Ankita Gupta (Department of School of Social Sciences & Languages Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab)Mohammad…

Pages:477-481
Pranjal Buragohain and Binoy Munda (Department of Education, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam)

Helping attitude is an established noble behavior or the degree of the concern for the welfare of the others with regard or disregards of rewards. The present paper is an attempt to focus on the role of helping attitude exercises on building helping attitude among adolescent students. Helping attitude has very significant implications on the social and subjective well- being. Despite such significance, positive trait like helping attitude has been getting less importance in scientific psychological study. So, present paper is an effort to bridge such gaps in Indian context. Researches, conducted in the field of Positive Psychology support that traits like helping attitude reflects the practice of human strengths in social phenomenon as well as ethical strength of a society. Therefore, it is necessary to develop certain skills to build helping attitude in a scientific way. The researcher developed certain exercises of building helping attitude and experimented on a group of adolescent students. It was evident from the present research that helping attitude can be significantly taught and learnt through these exercises.

Pages:477-481Pranjal Buragohain and Binoy Munda (Department of Education, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam)

Pages:482-487
Poonam Singh (M.S. College, Motihari, Bihar)

Human Resource Management (HRM) involves all management decision and practices that directly affects the people, or human resources, who work for the organization. Now the world's economic and social structures have become more connected and reliant upon one another. Therefore it is vital to explore how humans interact within these structures. HRM practices would help managers and policymakers to enable them to integrate and redesign their entities' in achieving desired objectives and success in global world. The present study is aimed at exploring various HRM practices in private sector organizations and assessing its influence on organizational commitment. The sample consists of total 90 participants selected from private organizations. HRM practices were measured by the scale developed by Geringer, Frayne, and Milliman (2002) and organizational commitment was measured by the scale by Meyer and Allen (1993). Data were analysed by correlation and multiple regressions. Regression result showed that various HRM practices are significantly predicting organizational commitment. Further results and implication of HRM practices will be discussed in final paper.

Pages:482-487Poonam Singh (M.S. College, Motihari, Bihar)

Pages:488-492
Saghar Farshadfard and Maryam Kouroshnia (Department of Psychology, Marvdash Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran)

The purpose of this study was to compare five great factors of personality and loneliness of adolescents in single and multiple families of high schools in Shiraz in the academic year of 2015-2016.From these students, 250 students (98 boys & 152 girls) were selected by cluster samplingand tested the five major factors of the Neo character (Casta & MacCraey, 1989) and loneliness (Ashere & Wheeler, 1985).The results of the Manova test showed that there are no significant differences between the five major factors in the single-child and multi-agent groups. The results of independent T-test showed that there was no significant difference between loneliness in both single-child and multi-agent groups.

Pages:488-492Saghar Farshadfard and Maryam Kouroshnia (Department of Psychology, Marvdash Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran)

Pages:1-4
Manju Bala, Shanti Balda, and Sheela Sangwan (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, I.C. Collage of Home Science, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)

The present study was conducted with 16-18 years old adolescent boys and girls from Hisar city and two villages of Hisar district. These adolescents were selected from randomly selected four government senior secondary schools. Total sample constituted of 240 adolescents, 120 from rural area and 120 from urban area. These 240 adolescents included 120 boys and 120 girls. Youth Problem Inventory (YPI) developed and standardized by Verma (2004) was used to assess the youth problems among adolescents. Percentages and step-wise regression analyses were used to analyze the data. Majority of adolescents' fathers had education up to senior secondary level, while majority of mothers had education up to middle school level. Majority of adolescents belonged to lower income group followed by middle and high income groups. Adolescents were personally interviewed about their psycho-social problems. Results revealed that majority of adolescents from total sample experienced average level of family, school, social, personal and overall problems. Step-wise linear regression revealed that media exposure, family income and paternal education were significant predictors of youth problems.

Pages:1-4Manju Bala, Shanti Balda, and Sheela Sangwan (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, I.C…

Pages:5-10
Aakriti Varshney (Practicing Clinical Psychologist)
Ritu Sharma (Assistant Professor, AIPS)

Self-referent information helps in processing of the material more accurately. The information referred to self is known to enhance the memory. This effect on memory is known as self-reference effect. In the present study, we examined the self-reference effect of memory in adolescence and adults through conducting an experiment. The experiment was a replication of Rogers, Kuiper, and Kirker's (1977) experiment on self-referent encoding. The sampling method used was purposive sampling which comprised of ninety participants (45 adolescence & 45 adults) out of which 45 were males and 45 females. The age range of the participants was 15-18 years for adolescence and 30-40 years for adults. The results indicated that the recall for self-referenced information was higher in contrast to semantic and structural processing.

Pages:5-10Aakriti Varshney (Practicing Clinical Psychologist)Ritu Sharma (Assistant Professor, AIPS)

Pages:11-14
Sangeeta Sidola and Bimla Dhanda (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of H.Sc., CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana)

The development of the children is affected by many factors and one of them is the child's physical environment which includes the surrounding in which the child lives, culture, parenting style and many others. The brain of child develops rapidly in the early years which also impact the physical development of the child. The different culture has different pattern, beliefs and values of child rearing and it has impact on the child development. The study mainly focuses on the physical and cognitive development of the children in different culture and how it impacts the child. The study was conducted in the rural and urban areas of state Uttarakhand and state Haryana. The Aaganwadis were selected to collect the sample and it comprises of 3 years old children and the total number of 200 children was selected. The results of the study revealed that when both states were compared on physical and cognitive development of the children a statistical significant difference was observed in the height and weight of the children. Haryana children surpass the Uttarakhand children. No significant difference was observed in cognitive development. The urban children of both the states were better than their rural counterparts.

Pages:11-14Sangeeta Sidola and Bimla Dhanda (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of H.Sc…

Pages:15-20
Edward Hoffman (Department of Psychology, Yeshiva University, New York City, USA)
Catalina Acosta-Orozco (School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javierana,
Bogota, Colombia, South America)
Marlene Mora Alvarado (Universidad Latina de Costa Rica, Heredia, Costa Rica, Central America)

Metaphor analysis has been used to uncover the specific values of preservice and established teachers concerning the roles of pupil, educator, and the educational process. However, it has never been utilized in assessing the broader values and flourishing of experienced teachers. Because positive psychology has found these factors to significantly impact teacher effectiveness, we conducted this study focusing on the life-metaphors of experienced teachers in Costa Rica, an under-represented research population. Sixty teachers (mean teaching experience=11.2 years) responded to a structured questionnaire. It elicited their preferred life-metaphor, whether they had always espoused it since youth, and if not, what had caused it to change; and how it guides their actions. Teachers were also asked to indicate which of 17 life-metaphors they most and least preferred, and to rate their happiness and life meaning from teaching. Teachers' expressed life-metaphors were predominantly active, affectively positive, and individualistic. They most preferred the metaphor that “life is a gift” and reported that their own life metaphor significantly impacted their decision-making. Consistent with the metaphoric data, they reported high levels of happiness and life meaning from teaching. The usefulness of metaphor analysis in aiding teacher development is discussed, and future avenues of research are highlighted.

Pages:15-20Edward Hoffman (Department of Psychology, Yeshiva University, New York City, USA)Catalina Acosta-Orozco (School of Medicine…

Pages:21-23
Samhitha, K. and P. Sreedevi (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Professor Jayashankar, Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, Telangana)

Personality is the unique way by which individuals think, feel, and act. The goal of studying personality is to improve the quality of life of an individual through a better understanding of individual differences and similarities. Juvenile delinquency is one of the burning issues across the globe. Research studies also revealed that, personality traits are the major contributors in the lives of individuals which turns them into delinquents. Hence, an attempt was made to study the personality traits of children in conflict with law. Ex-post factor research design was used for the study. Thirty adolescent boys in conflict with law, who were staying in Government Observational Home for Boys, Hyderabad were selected through purposive random sampling method. Big Five Inventory by (John & Srivatsava, 1999) and interview schedule were used for the study. Frequencies and Percentages were used for analysis of data. The results of the present study revealed that most of the juvenile delinquent boys were highly Extroverts and Antagonists. They were lack in direction of life, cessation to experiences and possess Neuroticism traits.

Pages:21-23Samhitha, K. and P. Sreedevi (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Professor Jayashankar, Telangana…

Pages:24-28
Manjot Kaur, Jatinder Kaur Gulati, and Parvinder Kaur (College of Home Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

The present paper includes empirical action research. The quantitative method was used to assess the development of life skill 'Coping with Stress' among NIOS learners. It was carried out in the Ludhiana city of Punjab state. The sample was comprised of 100 female learners of Ludhiana who were enrolled with NIOS at secondary level with Home Science as one of the subjects of their curriculum. They were approached in their homes, tuition centres, academies, NIOS Accredited Institutes and their work places. The sample was further divided into two equal groups as control and experimental group. The analysis of distribution of respondents showed that during the post learning phase percentage of learners possessing average and high level of coping with stress increased to 66 per cent from the earlier 58 per cent and 10 per cent to 14 per cent, respectively. It was also found that coping with stress was negatively related with intelligence. A significant shift was seen in high and low stress coping skill. The percentage of respondents in high stress coping skill increased from just 2 per cent to 14 per cent in the post learning phase showing the difference in distribution to be significant at (p<0.05) level. The respondents with average level of intelligence had shown the highest increase in the means scores of stress coping as compared to the learners having high or low level of intelligence. Therefore, it can be concluded that after learning the study material, learners were more enabled to recognize the sources of stress, understanding its effects, evolve strategies to reduce their stress and relax without making the situation worse.

Pages:24-28Manjot Kaur, Jatinder Kaur Gulati, and Parvinder Kaur (College of Home Science, Punjab Agricultural University…

Pages:29-33
Mamta Singla and Nidhi Aggarwal (Department of Psychiatry, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab)

Homeless mentally ill persons represent the most neglected, disadvantaged and vulnerable section among the mentally ill. Homelessness amongst those who are mentally ill is due to a combination of several factors ranging from stigma, neglect, abuse, financial burden… to societal discrimination, hindering their treatment and reducing the quality of life. The aim of the study is to evaluate the presentation, clinical profile and rehabilitative outcome of wandering mentally ill patients examined in psychiatry OPD. The objective is to establish them as a distinct psychiatric population requiring special attention and time. Considering the larger implications for health care delivery, the burden, and scope, retrospective file review of outdoor unidentified wandering mentally ill patients brought to psychiatry OPD. All case files (psychiatric as well as medical files) of wandering mentally ill patients who were brought from October 2017- October 2018 were included for the study. It was found that 49 (73%) of the patients who improved partially with treatment were rehabilitated in the NGO, MDSS itself as their families were not traced or few families refused to accept the patients. Their medication, food, bathing and maintenance of hygiene was done under supervision. Patients who were rehabilitated, they improved to the extent that they started doing their daily activities along with helping in cooking, serving food, cleaning, gurudwaras activities or helping other non-psychiatric patients of the NGO in dressing of their wounds, dispensing medicines and assisting in carrying those patients to other hospitals under supervision. 15 (22%) patients were relocated at their respective homes among them few patients were not brought for treatment, some patients were again left back after rehabilitation and relapsed back. 3 (5%) patients expired due to unknown reasons.

Pages:29-33Mamta Singla and Nidhi Aggarwal (Department of Psychiatry, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab)
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