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Pages::285-289
Bahar Ramezani and Morteza Keshavarz (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Iran )

The purpose of this study was to predict positive thinking and life satisfaction based on the Islamic lifestyle of married women referred to the Yaghtin health center in Shiraz. The statistical population of this study was married women referring to Shiraz community health center. According to the Morgan and Krejsi formula according to the population size, we used 200 married women referring to the health center of the community in the first three months of the year 2017 Were selected by available sampling method Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and regression. The results of the study show that there is a positive and significant relationship between Islamic lifestyle and positive thinking and life satisfaction. In other words, the more Islamic the lifestyle is, the higher the satisfaction of life and the positive thinking and its dimensions. Based on the results of the research, strengthening and expanding the lifestyle of the society will lead to increased life satisfaction and positive thinking.

Pages::285-289Bahar Ramezani and Morteza Keshavarz (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Iran…

Pages:290-293
Khosro Ramezani, Mahsa Mardanpour, Marjan Mohammadian, and Mohammad Hossein Dehghani (Department of Psychology,Yasooj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasooj, Iran )

Attitudes toward fashion and social identity play an effective role in the mental health of individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between attitude toward fashion and social identity and mental health of students. The research design was descriptive and correlational and predictive. 220 students (114 boys, 106 girls) of cultural universities (n=57), Payame Noor (n=71) and Islamic Azad University (n=90) Eghlid city in spring 2012 were selected by stratified random sampling. All participants completed the Attitude to Fashion, Social Identity and Mental Health (GHQ) questionnaires. The data from the instrument were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate linear regression. The results showed no significant relationship between attitude toward fashion and mental health (p>0.05). There was no significant relationship between attitude toward fashion with the components of physical health, anxiety and sleep disturbance, and interpersonal relationships (p>0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between attitude toward fashion and depression (p<0.01, r=0.348). There is a significant negative correlation between social identity and mental health (p<0.01, r=0.273).There was no significant relationship between social identity with physical health components and interpersonal relationships (p>0.05). The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between attitude toward fashion and social identity with some components of mental health. According to research findings, special attention of educators to mental health of students and students is suggested.

Pages:290-293Khosro Ramezani, Mahsa Mardanpour, Marjan Mohammadian, and Mohammad Hossein Dehghani (Department of Psychology,Yasooj Branch, Islamic…

Pages:294-298
Fatemeh Hosseini (Department of Counseling, Marvdasht Branch Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran)
Mozhgan Amirianzadeh (Department of Education and Psychology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran)

This study investigates the mediating role of spiritual well-being in the relationship between attachment styles and psychological well-being of Isfahan's counselors. This study was practical and a type of correlative studies. Statistical population of the study included all the counselors of Isfahan's consultation centers (980 individuals) in the work year 2016-2017 that 130 individuals were considered as sample size using Morgan table, these individuals were selected by simple random sampling method. For collecting (gathering) data, attachment styles questionnaire (Hazen & Shaver, 1987); spiritual well-being questionnaire (Paloutzian & Ellison, 1982); and psychological well-being questionnaire (Reef, 1980) were used that their validity and reliability have been confirmed. In order to analyze the data in the level of descriptive statistics, frequency, percent, mean, and standard deviation and in the level of inferential statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression have been utilized. The results of study indicated that secure and avoidant attachment styles have a direct relationship with spiritual well-being. There is a direct and significant relationship between secure and avoidant attachment styles with psychological well-being. There is a direct and significant relationship between spiritual well-being and psychological well-being. Secure and avoidant attachment styles can anticipate positively spiritual well-being. Spiritual well-being plays a significant role in the relationship between attachment styles and psychological well-being.

Pages:294-298Fatemeh Hosseini (Department of Counseling, Marvdasht Branch Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran)Mozhgan Amirianzadeh (Department of…

Pages:299-301
Subhash Meena and Astha Kumari (Department of Psychology, Vasanta College for Women, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh )

This review paper aims to study false memory extensively and with a profound sense of attention and underlies the origin of false memories ranging from the initial to the recent most studies and researches of the topic. The information has been clubbed through a thorough revision and analysis of the topic - related researches and several other journals. The research aims at pointing to a unanimous and authentic understanding of the concept with the help of the amalgamation of the studies so far. False memory, being one amongst several psychological phenomenons, has always been a topic of interest to researchers. The researchers so far have generated an idea that it can lead people to remember their past in different ways, when this sort of distortion occurs people are sometimes confident in their distorted or false memories often go on to describe psuedo memories in substantial details.

Pages:299-301Subhash Meena and Astha Kumari (Department of Psychology, Vasanta College for Women, Banaras Hindu University…

Pages:302-305
Ameneh Mohammadi and Mitra Mahmoodi (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran )

The purpose of this study was to comparison of personality characteristics and resiliency in people with cardiovascular disease and normal subjects. The method of this study was comparative with descriptive methods. The statistical population of this study was all patients with coronary artery disease in Shiraz, Kowsar, and Ordibehesht hospitals in summer of 2017, A total of 80 patients were selected through targeted sampling and the normal group (without physical illness) was selected by 80 people matched by age, sex, education, employment and marriage. Both groups were evaluated with a researcher's satisfaction with personality assessment and resiliency questionnaires. Data collected by descriptive statistics (mean & standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of variance & T-test for testing hypotheses) were analyzed using SPSS-22 software. The results of the data analysis showed that cardiovascular patients scored more significant scores in the personality component of psychosis and less significant scores in the personality flexibility component compared to the normal group. Also, in the resiliency variable, the heart disease group had less significant scores compared to the normal group. It is suggested that the results of this study be used to design the educational programs of cardiac patients.

Pages:302-305Ameneh Mohammadi and Mitra Mahmoodi (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran…

Pages:306-310
Shinto Thomas (Department of Psychology, Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), Bangalore, Karnataka)
Alphonsa Jose K. (Doctoral Research Scholar, Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry)

The term emerging adults is a relatively new term used to denote the individuals aged between 18-24 years. The researchers have pointed out that this age group is quite different and unique and different terminologies used at present are inadequate in showcasing the unique characteristics of this age group. Previous researchers would agree on one point that emerging adulthood is a stage where individual's productive contribution to society begins and they really possesses huge potentials for growth and development. At the same time more vulnerable to risk behaviors and unhealthy lifestyle habits which will hamper the finest actualization of their potentials. So, how the emerging adults could be molded in such a way that will minimize their vulnerability to risk behaviors? During the previous developmental year's society and parents had significant role in character formation and development, but in emerging adulthood it is more of individual himself and the peers around him. The role of family and society becomes very minimal because of their unique characteristics as emerging adulthood. In such scenario, how can we reduce the emerging adults' vulnerability to risk behaviors? Positive psychology has a significant role to play here. Moldings and interventions based on Positive psychology approach in early years would equip the individual to overcome their vulnerability to risk behaviors. These intervention aims at identifying and nurturing positive character strengths of the individual in the early years. This chapter emphasizes the role of identifying and fostering positive strengths and culture specific values in early years and adolescents so that when they become emerging adults they would be highly productive and fruitful citizens and won't spoil theirs as well as the nation's future by engaging in risk behaviors and national asseth.

Pages:306-310Shinto Thomas (Department of Psychology, Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), Bangalore, Karnataka)Alphonsa Jose K. (Doctoral Research…

Pages:311-316
Shweta Singh (Department of Applied Psychology, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh)

Schools play an increasingly important role in assisting youth to develop cognitive, social and emotional skills. Twenty first century schooling has been conceptualized in many different ways and has multiple components to it including an emphasis on the role of technology in changing education, new pedagogies, inter-displinary curriculum, open learning spaces and reformed teacher training. However, a core proponent of all conceptualizations of twenty first century schooling is the need for education to develop the whole-student through social, emotional, moral and intellectual development. In Positive schooling teachers use techniques that focus on the well-being of individual students. The goal of positive schooling is to turn all students into teachers who will pass down their wisdom and knowledge to others and teachers who will continue the ways of positive education. The major components of positive schooling are caring, trust, respect for diversity, goals, plans, motivation, hope and societal contributions. These are learnt by different life skills. Resilience is one of them. Resilience is the process of coping with disruptive, stressful or challenging life events. In other words, resilience is the capacity to bounce back, to withstand hardship and to repair yourself. This article is going to be explaining that how by this skill; children can gain the confidence to deal with challenges throughout their lives.

Pages:311-316Shweta Singh (Department of Applied Psychology, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh)

Pages:317-323
Marziye Moradi and Mitra Mahmoodi (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

The purpose of this study was to compare metacognitive beliefs, early maladaptive schemas and emotional regulation in obsessive compulsive patients and normal individuals. The present study was a causal study. Among the statistical population of all patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder referring to counseling centers in Shiraz during the first quarter of 2017, 40 obsessive-compulsive patients were selected by available sampling method. Then, the normal group with maximum matched age and Sex with obsessive compulsive group were selected they were assessed by questionnaires of emotion regulation, metacognitive questionnaire, and Yang-Short Form Schema Questionnaire. SPSS-22 software was used to analyze the data in the form of descriptive tests including mean standard deviation, and also to compare the meanings of multivariate analysis of variance and the assumptions of this test. The results of these analyzes indicated that the mean of obsessive-compulsive group was significantly higher in the meta-cognitive beliefs, early maladaptive schemas, and the strategy for regulating the excitement of suppression, and in the strategy of adjustment of the excitement of re-evaluation was significantly lower than the normal group. It is suggested that the results of this study be used to design medical and educational programs in people with obsessive compulsive disorder.

Pages:317-323Marziye Moradi and Mitra Mahmoodi (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

Pages:324-328
Elham Afshinpour and Ali Naseri (Department of Psychology, Firoozabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozabad, Fars, Iran )

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of music therapy on depression in women referred to the emergency medical center of Shiraz. The research design was semi-experimental and the statistical population of this study included depressed women referring to Shiraz community social emergency center which were surveyed in the summer of 1996 Sixty people from this community were selected using purposeful sampling method and divided into two groups of 30 (test & control). The Beck Depression Inventory was distributed among the sample population. In this research, the experimental group participated in music therapy sessions for two days a week for one month, which lasted one hour per day. The members of the witness group also did not receive any training in this regard. After the end of the sessions, a test was performed between the two groups and again after a month, the next test took place. Data were analyzed by software version 17 (SPSS). The results of this study showed that music therapy reduced the level of depression in the experimental group.

Pages:324-328Elham Afshinpour and Ali Naseri (Department of Psychology, Firoozabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozabad, Fars…

Pages:329-333
Tahere Salehi, Hassan Abdollahzadeh, and Babollah Bakhshipour Joybari (Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University (PNU) Sari, Iran)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of self-management and spiritual-empathy training on pre-school preschool self-management and empathy. The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test in two experimental and control groups. The statistical population of this study included all preschool children in Shiraz. For this purpose, preschoolers from Shiraz city were randomly selected from among the preschools and 30 children were selected as the control group as the statistical sample. After conducting self-management and empathy tests for 30 children, a self-management and empathy training program was implemented in 8 sessions of 30 minutes in the experimental group. Self-management and empathy of children in both groups before and after education with self-management and empathy questionnaire (coach form) Bozrgiwas measured. The multi-path and one-way covariance analysis test showed that self-management and spirituality-based empathy education has an impact on self-management and empathy of preschool children. In other words, self-management and spiritual-empowerment education leads to an increase in self-control and empathy in children and there is a significant difference between self-control and empathy between the two groups of experiment and control.

Pages:329-333Tahere Salehi, Hassan Abdollahzadeh, and Babollah Bakhshipour Joybari (Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University (PNU)…

Pages:334-347
Anchal Thakur, Tejpreet Kaur Kang, and Seema Sharma (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

The present study was conducted to assess the 'gender and locale differences in the personality traits among adolescents.' The study was based on 200 adolescents (i.e., 100 rural & 100 urban) in the age range of 16-18 years. The sample was randomly drawn from four Government Senior Secondary Schools purposively selected from rural as well as urban areas of Ludhiana district. Differential Personality Inventory by Singh and Singh was used to assess personality traits of the respondents. It consisted of 150 items representing ten personality traits namely Decisiveness, Responsibility, Emotional Stability, Masculinity, Friendliness, Hetero Sexuality, Ego Strength, Curiosity, Dominance and Self-Concept. Results revealed significant differences in personality traits of the respondents. Boys were scoring better than their female counterparts in majority of the traits as well as in overall personality. Significant locale differences existed between hetero sexuality in rural and urban sample.

Pages:334-347Anchal Thakur, Tejpreet Kaur Kang, and Seema Sharma (Department of Human Development and Family Studies…

Pages:348-354
Edward Hoffman (Yeshiva University, New York, New York)
Garima Srivastava (Lady Shri Ram College for Women, New Delhi)
Fernando A. Ortiz (Director of Counseling Services Gonzaga University, Spokane, Washington)
Maria Paula Fonseca (University of Maryland-Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland)

Although emotion regulation has gained attention in positive psychology, research among Indians has been scant. In this study, 150 women at a university in Delhi responded to a survey. It asked their frequency of deliberately recalling a happy memory as a strategy to influence mood, when they were most likely to initiate this strategy, their extent of social engagement while doing so, and the particular type of memory they recalled. Participants were also asked how much this strategy improved their mood and reduced stress. Finally, they were asked to rate themselves on overall health, amount of recent stress, coping ability with stress, and life satisfaction. Frequency of accessing a happy memory related significantly to both mood uplift and stress reduction after recall, and life satisfaction. Intriguingly, the tendency to engage in this strategy while socializing was negatively correlated with life satisfaction and self-reported health. Future avenues of research were suggested.

Pages:348-354Edward Hoffman (Yeshiva University, New York, New York)Garima Srivastava (Lady Shri Ram College for Women…

Pages:355-359
Farhad Emami, Seyed Ahmad Mirjafari, and Aminallah Fazel (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

The aim of this study was the relationship between ethical climate and work behaviors counterproductive with was the moderator role personality characteristics. The research method was correlation. The population in this study, all employees of the National Bank of Shiraz who were working in 2016-2017 years And of this number 200 samples were selected The number of available sampling test was performed. To collect the data, ethical Joe Victor and Cullen (1988); a questionnaire counterproductive behavior by Fox Vespektor (2002); NEO Personality Inventory Costa and McCrae in 1997 were used with good reliability. Data using multivariate regression analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS software were analyzed. Results showed that between ethical climate personality traits (conscientiousness, flexibility, agreeableness, & extraversion) and a significant positive relationship with neurosis there is a negative relationship between counterproductive work behaviors and personality traits (conscientiousness, flexibility, agreeableness, & extraversion) and a significant negative correlation with neurosis there is a positive relationship.

Pages:355-359Farhad Emami, Seyed Ahmad Mirjafari, and Aminallah Fazel (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad…

Pages:360-363
Azam Rahimi and Aminallah Fazel (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prediction of educational motivation based on parental transplantation and self-education in secondary school students in Shiraz. The present research is descriptive and correlational. In this research, 162 students from Shiraz were selected through multistage cluster sampling who completed the AMS, Parent Parental Linkage, and Self-Assessment Scale. Data were then analyzed and analyzed by SPSS software. For analyzing the data, descriptive methods, Pearson correlation, and stepwise regression were used. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between parenting styles and parenting styles (sincere relationship, attempts to addict, encouraging independence & apos;). But there was no relationship between academic motivation and self-education. Also, two types of intimate relationship and encouraging independence can positively and significantly and indifference can negatively and significantly predict academic motivation. Based on the above research, it can be stated that in high school and adolescence, parental bonding styles, especially the sincere relationship style, the encouragement of autonomy and indifference plays an important role in increasing the academic motivation, and the experts in this area would prefer these parental bonding styles In order to increase academic motivation.

Pages:360-363Azam Rahimi and Aminallah Fazel (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

Pages:364-367
Esmat Mehrjoo and Ladan Hashem (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Iran)

The main objective of this research is to investigate the difference between bad behavior with children in families involved in formal and emotional divorce. The research sample included a group involved in formal divorce consisting of 39 parents divorced and 39 pre-school and school-aged children and a group involved in emotional divorce consisting of 34 parents divorcing and pre-school and school-aged children. They were selected using targeted sampling in Neyriz City. In order to identify the females involved in emotional divorce, their score was taken into consideration in comparison to emotional divorce scale whose reliability and validity was confirmed. In order to measure the child abuse, the child abuse scale was used. After performing these scales on the sample, data collected was analyzed using SPSS and Multi-variable ANOVA and T-test on the independent groups. The findings implied that in families involved in emotional divorce, the emotional and mental and physical child abuse was more than the families involved in formal one. These findings indicate that the emotional divorce is more damaging for children than the formal one.

Pages:364-367Esmat Mehrjoo and Ladan Hashem (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Iran)

Pages:368-371
Tahereh Askari and Mahbobeh Chin Aveh (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

This study aims to predict test anxiety based on learning styles and thinking styles is done in high school. The study was descriptive and correlational. The study population consisted of high school students who sampling Darab city were chosen. To measure the variables of test anxiety questionnaire, learning styles and thinking styles were used. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation and linear regression was used. The results showed that anxiety was not able to predict learning style, but the regression model to predict test anxiety was based on the following scale meaningful learning styles, But the regression model to predict test anxiety was based on the following scale meaningful learning styles,The results were predictable test anxiety by thinking styles to reverse significant and could predict 25 percent of the variance in test anxiety.

Pages:368-371Tahereh Askari and Mahbobeh Chin Aveh (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan…

Pages:372-375
Saeed Mockmeli Jahromi and Morteza Keshavarz (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Iran)

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between religious beliefs with responsibility and marital satisfaction of married students of the Marvdasht Islamic Azad University of Psychology and Educational Sciences Which, in terms of the purpose, is an applied research and has been correlated as a descriptive research in terms of collecting information. In order to reach the above goal, married students of Marvdasht Islamic Azad University, Psychology and Educational Sciences 130 students were selected through multistage cluster random sampling. For this purpose, three questionnaires, Harrison Gafs accountability (1951); Navidi religious beliefs (1997); Enrich marital satisfaction questionnaire (1990) were used. Data were collected using questionnaires using correlation coefficient and regression analysis. The result showed that there is a significant positive relationship between religious beliefs with responsibility and marital satisfaction. In addition, regression analysis suggests that religious beliefs can predict accountability. And religious beliefs can predict marital satisfaction and its dimensions (personality issues, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, & children).

Pages:372-375Saeed Mockmeli Jahromi and Morteza Keshavarz (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan…

Pages:376-381
Zahra Aboalghasemi and Hamid Sina (Department of Psychology, Fasa Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fasa, Iran)

The purpose of this study was to compare social anxiety, fear of negative evaluation and irrational beliefs in male and female students of the Fasa Ninth Grade in the academic year of 2017-2018.This research is based on purpose and descriptive nature of causal and comparative type. The statistical population consists of all 9th grade girls and boys in Fasa city who are studying in this city in 2017-2018.They were selected by cluster random sampling of 150 female students and 150 male students who completed Social Security Anxiety Scale (LSAS), Irrational Beliefs Scale and Short Scale of Negative Assessment Fear. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 21 software and independent t-test was used to study the research hypotheses. The results of this study showed that there is a significant difference between students 'boys and girls in social anxiety; there is a significant difference between students' boys and girls in logical beliefs and there is no significant difference between students and boys in the fear of negative evaluation.

Pages:376-381Zahra Aboalghasemi and Hamid Sina (Department of Psychology, Fasa Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fasa, Iran)

Pages:382-386
Ashok Kumar Patel (Clinical Psychologist, District Hospiatl Balrampur, Uttar Pradesh)
Shraddhesh Kumar Tiwari (Department of Psychology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh)
Suman Singh (Department of Psychology, DDU Gorakhpur, University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh)
Sylvia Lindinger-Sternart (Department of Psychology, University of Providence United States)

Self-esteem reflects an individual's perception and evaluation of himself or herself, whereas, life satisfaction involves the individual's evaluation of one's life as a whole including different areas of life such as school, family and friends as well as oneself (Civitci & Civitci, 2009). The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between self esteem and satisfaction with life in current college students. A total of 200 college students (100 Male & 100 Female) from Veer Bahadur Singh University Jaunpur (U.P.) participated. Rosenberg self-esteem scale (1965) and satisfactions with life scale (Diener et al., 1985) were administered. Self-esteem and satisfaction with life was found significantly correlated in male, female, urban and general category participants. The effect of self-esteem on satisfaction with life was found significant

Pages:382-386Ashok Kumar Patel (Clinical Psychologist, District Hospiatl Balrampur, Uttar Pradesh)Shraddhesh Kumar Tiwari (Department of Psychology…

Pages:387-392
Praseena Sebastian (Doctor of Philosophy in Counseling Psychology Major in Clinical Counseling, MSMI, Kozhikode, Kerala)

This explanatory sequential mixed method study examined how self-compassion and mattering mediated the relationship between attachment style and marital satisfaction in a sample of 397 married spouses between the ages of 20 to 40 in Kerala. The instruments used to measure four variables of this cross sectional quantitative study were ECR-R, Self-Compassion short form, Mattering 4-Items and ENRICH Marital Satisfaction scale. Results indicated that mattering mediated the relationship between attachment styles and marital satisfaction among young spouses in Kerala. But self-compassion does not mediate the relationship between attachment style and marital satisfaction among young spouses in Kerala. The results suggest that mattering can enhance the marital satisfaction of anxious and avoidant attached spouses. In the multiple case study, conducted in-depth interviews of ten spouses who were selected based on the high scores on marital satisfaction. The results explained how mattering was an important experience in improving marital satisfaction with their anxious and avoidant attachment style. Themes generated from this study were; longing for presence, caring, partner support, communication, being responsible and respect. Moreover, this study suggests that mattering might provide a useful lens through which spouses are able to enhance their marital satisfaction.

Pages:387-392Praseena Sebastian (Doctor of Philosophy in Counseling Psychology Major in Clinical Counseling, MSMI, Kozhikode, Kerala)
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