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Pages:334-347
Anchal Thakur, Tejpreet Kaur Kang, and Seema Sharma (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

The present study was conducted to assess the 'gender and locale differences in the personality traits among adolescents.' The study was based on 200 adolescents (i.e., 100 rural & 100 urban) in the age range of 16-18 years. The sample was randomly drawn from four Government Senior Secondary Schools purposively selected from rural as well as urban areas of Ludhiana district. Differential Personality Inventory by Singh and Singh was used to assess personality traits of the respondents. It consisted of 150 items representing ten personality traits namely Decisiveness, Responsibility, Emotional Stability, Masculinity, Friendliness, Hetero Sexuality, Ego Strength, Curiosity, Dominance and Self-Concept. Results revealed significant differences in personality traits of the respondents. Boys were scoring better than their female counterparts in majority of the traits as well as in overall personality. Significant locale differences existed between hetero sexuality in rural and urban sample.
Pages:334-347 Anchal Thakur, Tejpreet Kaur Kang, and Seema Sharma (Department of Human Development and Family Studies…
Pages:348-354
Edward Hoffman (Yeshiva University, New York, New York) Garima Srivastava (Lady Shri Ram College for Women, New Delhi) Fernando A. Ortiz (Director of Counseling Services Gonzaga University, Spokane, Washington) Maria Paula Fonseca (University of Maryland-Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland)

Although emotion regulation has gained attention in positive psychology, research among Indians has been scant. In this study, 150 women at a university in Delhi responded to a survey. It asked their frequency of deliberately recalling a happy memory as a strategy to influence mood, when they were most likely to initiate this strategy, their extent of social engagement while doing so, and the particular type of memory they recalled. Participants were also asked how much this strategy improved their mood and reduced stress. Finally, they were asked to rate themselves on overall health, amount of recent stress, coping ability with stress, and life satisfaction. Frequency of accessing a happy memory related significantly to both mood uplift and stress reduction after recall, and life satisfaction. Intriguingly, the tendency to engage in this strategy while socializing was negatively correlated with life satisfaction and self-reported health. Future avenues of research were suggested.
Pages:348-354 Edward Hoffman (Yeshiva University, New York, New York) Garima Srivastava (Lady Shri Ram College for Women…
Pages:355-359
Farhad Emami, Seyed Ahmad Mirjafari, and Aminallah Fazel (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

The aim of this study was the relationship between ethical climate and work behaviors counterproductive with was the moderator role personality characteristics. The research method was correlation. The population in this study, all employees of the National Bank of Shiraz who were working in 2016-2017 years And of this number 200 samples were selected The number of available sampling test was performed. To collect the data, ethical Joe Victor and Cullen (1988); a questionnaire counterproductive behavior by Fox Vespektor (2002); NEO Personality Inventory Costa and McCrae in 1997 were used with good reliability. Data using multivariate regression analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS software were analyzed. Results showed that between ethical climate personality traits (conscientiousness, flexibility, agreeableness, & extraversion) and a significant positive relationship with neurosis there is a negative relationship between counterproductive work behaviors and personality traits (conscientiousness, flexibility, agreeableness, & extraversion) and a significant negative correlation with neurosis there is a positive relationship.
Pages:355-359 Farhad Emami, Seyed Ahmad Mirjafari, and Aminallah Fazel (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad…
Pages:360-363
Azam Rahimi and Aminallah Fazel (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prediction of educational motivation based on parental transplantation and self-education in secondary school students in Shiraz. The present research is descriptive and correlational. In this research, 162 students from Shiraz were selected through multistage cluster sampling who completed the AMS, Parent Parental Linkage, and Self-Assessment Scale. Data were then analyzed and analyzed by SPSS software. For analyzing the data, descriptive methods, Pearson correlation, and stepwise regression were used. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between parenting styles and parenting styles (sincere relationship, attempts to addict, encouraging independence & apos;). But there was no relationship between academic motivation and self-education. Also, two types of intimate relationship and encouraging independence can positively and significantly and indifference can negatively and significantly predict academic motivation. Based on the above research, it can be stated that in high school and adolescence, parental bonding styles, especially the sincere relationship style, the encouragement of autonomy and indifference plays an important role in increasing the academic motivation, and the experts in this area would prefer these parental bonding styles In order to increase academic motivation.
Pages:360-363 Azam Rahimi and Aminallah Fazel (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)
Pages:364-367
Esmat Mehrjoo and Ladan Hashem (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Iran)

The main objective of this research is to investigate the difference between bad behavior with children in families involved in formal and emotional divorce. The research sample included a group involved in formal divorce consisting of 39 parents divorced and 39 pre-school and school-aged children and a group involved in emotional divorce consisting of 34 parents divorcing and pre-school and school-aged children. They were selected using targeted sampling in Neyriz City. In order to identify the females involved in emotional divorce, their score was taken into consideration in comparison to emotional divorce scale whose reliability and validity was confirmed. In order to measure the child abuse, the child abuse scale was used. After performing these scales on the sample, data collected was analyzed using SPSS and Multi-variable ANOVA and T-test on the independent groups. The findings implied that in families involved in emotional divorce, the emotional and mental and physical child abuse was more than the families involved in formal one. These findings indicate that the emotional divorce is more damaging for children than the formal one.
Pages:364-367 Esmat Mehrjoo and Ladan Hashem (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Iran)
Pages:368-371
Tahereh Askari and Mahbobeh Chin Aveh (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

This study aims to predict test anxiety based on learning styles and thinking styles is done in high school. The study was descriptive and correlational. The study population consisted of high school students who sampling Darab city were chosen. To measure the variables of test anxiety questionnaire, learning styles and thinking styles were used. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation and linear regression was used. The results showed that anxiety was not able to predict learning style, but the regression model to predict test anxiety was based on the following scale meaningful learning styles, But the regression model to predict test anxiety was based on the following scale meaningful learning styles,The results were predictable test anxiety by thinking styles to reverse significant and could predict 25 percent of the variance in test anxiety.
Pages:368-371 Tahereh Askari and Mahbobeh Chin Aveh (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan…
Pages:372-375
Saeed Mockmeli Jahromi and Morteza Keshavarz (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Iran)

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between religious beliefs with responsibility and marital satisfaction of married students of the Marvdasht Islamic Azad University of Psychology and Educational Sciences Which, in terms of the purpose, is an applied research and has been correlated as a descriptive research in terms of collecting information. In order to reach the above goal, married students of Marvdasht Islamic Azad University, Psychology and Educational Sciences 130 students were selected through multistage cluster random sampling. For this purpose, three questionnaires, Harrison Gafs accountability (1951); Navidi religious beliefs (1997); Enrich marital satisfaction questionnaire (1990) were used. Data were collected using questionnaires using correlation coefficient and regression analysis. The result showed that there is a significant positive relationship between religious beliefs with responsibility and marital satisfaction. In addition, regression analysis suggests that religious beliefs can predict accountability. And religious beliefs can predict marital satisfaction and its dimensions (personality issues, communication, conflict resolution, financial management, & children).
Pages:372-375 Saeed Mockmeli Jahromi and Morteza Keshavarz (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan…
Pages:376-381
Zahra Aboalghasemi and Hamid Sina (Department of Psychology, Fasa Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fasa, Iran)

The purpose of this study was to compare social anxiety, fear of negative evaluation and irrational beliefs in male and female students of the Fasa Ninth Grade in the academic year of 2017-2018.This research is based on purpose and descriptive nature of causal and comparative type. The statistical population consists of all 9th grade girls and boys in Fasa city who are studying in this city in 2017-2018.They were selected by cluster random sampling of 150 female students and 150 male students who completed Social Security Anxiety Scale (LSAS), Irrational Beliefs Scale and Short Scale of Negative Assessment Fear. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 21 software and independent t-test was used to study the research hypotheses. The results of this study showed that there is a significant difference between students 'boys and girls in social anxiety; there is a significant difference between students' boys and girls in logical beliefs and there is no significant difference between students and boys in the fear of negative evaluation.
Pages:376-381 Zahra Aboalghasemi and Hamid Sina (Department of Psychology, Fasa Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fasa, Iran)
Pages:382-386
Ashok Kumar Patel (Clinical Psychologist, District Hospiatl Balrampur, Uttar Pradesh) Shraddhesh Kumar Tiwari (Department of Psychology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh) Suman Singh (Department of Psychology, DDU Gorakhpur, University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh) Sylvia Lindinger-Sternart (Department of Psychology, University of Providence United States)

Self-esteem reflects an individual's perception and evaluation of himself or herself, whereas, life satisfaction involves the individual's evaluation of one's life as a whole including different areas of life such as school, family and friends as well as oneself (Civitci & Civitci, 2009). The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between self esteem and satisfaction with life in current college students. A total of 200 college students (100 Male & 100 Female) from Veer Bahadur Singh University Jaunpur (U.P.) participated. Rosenberg self-esteem scale (1965) and satisfactions with life scale (Diener et al., 1985) were administered. Self-esteem and satisfaction with life was found significantly correlated in male, female, urban and general category participants. The effect of self-esteem on satisfaction with life was found significant
Pages:382-386 Ashok Kumar Patel (Clinical Psychologist, District Hospiatl Balrampur, Uttar Pradesh) Shraddhesh Kumar Tiwari (Department of Psychology…
Pages:387-392
Praseena Sebastian (Doctor of Philosophy in Counseling Psychology Major in Clinical Counseling, MSMI, Kozhikode, Kerala)

This explanatory sequential mixed method study examined how self-compassion and mattering mediated the relationship between attachment style and marital satisfaction in a sample of 397 married spouses between the ages of 20 to 40 in Kerala. The instruments used to measure four variables of this cross sectional quantitative study were ECR-R, Self-Compassion short form, Mattering 4-Items and ENRICH Marital Satisfaction scale. Results indicated that mattering mediated the relationship between attachment styles and marital satisfaction among young spouses in Kerala. But self-compassion does not mediate the relationship between attachment style and marital satisfaction among young spouses in Kerala. The results suggest that mattering can enhance the marital satisfaction of anxious and avoidant attached spouses. In the multiple case study, conducted in-depth interviews of ten spouses who were selected based on the high scores on marital satisfaction. The results explained how mattering was an important experience in improving marital satisfaction with their anxious and avoidant attachment style. Themes generated from this study were; longing for presence, caring, partner support, communication, being responsible and respect. Moreover, this study suggests that mattering might provide a useful lens through which spouses are able to enhance their marital satisfaction.
Pages:387-392 Praseena Sebastian (Doctor of Philosophy in Counseling Psychology Major in Clinical Counseling, MSMI, Kozhikode, Kerala)
Pages:393-397
Elham Afshinpour and Ali Naseri (Department of Psychology, Firoozabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozabad, Fars, Iran)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of music therapy on depression in women referred to the emergency medical center of Shiraz. The research design was semi-experimental and the statistical population of this study included depressed women referring to Shiraz community social emergency center which were surveyed in the summer of 1996 Sixty people from this community were selected using purposeful sampling method and divided into two groups of 30 (test & control). The Beck Depression Inventory was distributed among the sample population. In this research, the experimental group participated in music therapy sessions for two days a week for one month, which lasted one hour per day. The members of the witness group also did not receive any training in this regard. After the end of the sessions, a test was performed between the two groups and again after a month, the next test took place. Data were analyzed by software version 17 (SPSS). The results of this study showed that music therapy reduced the level of depression in the experimental group.
Pages:393-397 Elham Afshinpour and Ali Naseri (Department of Psychology, Firoozabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozabad, Fars…
Pages:398-403
Sujata Honap (Potential Enhancement Centre, Jnana Prabodhini Institute of Psychology, Pune, Maharashtra) Anagha Lavalekar (Jnana Prabodhini Institute of Psychology, Pune, Maharashtra) Veena A. Shepal (Potential Enhancement Centre, Jnana Prabodhini Institute of Psychology, Pune, Maharashtra) Mrunal D. Paranjape (Department of Psychology, S.P. Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra)

Middle childhood is an important developmental phase which contributes to the foundations of cognitive and interpersonal abilities that will lead to a productive and fulfilling adult life. This study explores various aspects of cognitive and interpersonal responses among children between ages 7-12 years from Pune. Total 1107 children (574 boys & 533 girls) participated in Comprehensive Child Development Program (during 2012-15) which comprised of seven day intervention (duration of 35 clock hours). This intervention was based on Guilford's SOI model (Guilford, 1967) and assessment was done using Behavior Observations and Rating Checklist. As the data was non-normal, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used to test the gains in scores. Out of total 10 aspects, significant differences were found on all ten aspects at 0.001 levels with large or nearly large effect sizes. Results clearly indicated towards the positive effects of CCDP program in enhancing the cognitive and interpersonal responses among children.
Pages:398-403 Sujata Honap (Potential Enhancement Centre, Jnana Prabodhini Institute of Psychology, Pune, Maharashtra) Anagha Lavalekar (Jnana Prabodhini…
Pages:404-412
Bolanle Ogungbamila (Department of Pure & Applied Psychology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Nigeria, West Africa)

Positive employee behaviors (comprising organizational citizenship behavior & workplace commitment) may overstretch and lead to occupational burnout, which may compromise the functionality of health workers and their ability to provide quality service to their patients. Less research attention has focused the moderating roles of work engagement on the connections of organizational citizenship behavior and workplace commitment to occupational burnout, especially in Nigeria where manpower deficit created by the migration of healthcare workers is on the increase. This study, therefore, investigated the extent to which organizational citizenship behavior and workplace commitment are connected with occupational burnout, and how work engagement moderates such relationships in 191 healthcare workers (55 males; 136 females), sampled from 3 public hospitals in Ondo State, Nigeria. The ages of the participants averaged 34.56 years (SD = 8.52). Results of the hierarchical multiple regression indicated that organizational citizenship behavior was significantly related with increased level of occupational burnout. Work engagement was significantly related with reduced level of occupational burnout in healthcare workers. Workplace commitment was significantly connected with increased level of occupational burnout. Results of moderation test revealed that when interacted with work engagement, organizational citizenship behavior and workplace commitment were related with reduced level of occupational burnout. To sustain the efficiency and well-being of healthcare workers (especially those who engage in extra-role behaviors & are psychologically attached to the organization's goals), management of public hospitals should enhance the work engagement level of employees in order to effectively manage their level of occupational burnout.
Pages:404-412 Bolanle Ogungbamila (Department of Pure & Applied Psychology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Nigeria, West Africa)
Pages:413-422
Muhammad Akram Uzzaman (Department of Psychology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh) A. K. M. Rezaul Karim (Department of Psychology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh)

This study aimed to examine the impact of family atmosphere and school environment on adolescents' emotional intelligence and future aspiration. Survey data from 1000 adolescent (Male = 500, Female = 500) students were collected and analyzed about their emotional intelligence and future aspiration. The average mean age of participants is M = 16.43 and standard deviation is 0.89. Preliminary analyses of the data in MANOVA using gender, socio-economic status, and family type as the independent variables revealed that it was only gender that has significant (F = 4.543; p < .05), overall effect on a linear combination of emotional intelligence and future aspiration. But the univariate results showed that gender has no significant effect on emotional intelligence and future aspiration. In the main analyses of the data in MANOVA using family atmosphere and school environment as the predictors and emotional intelligence and future aspiration as criterion variables demonstrated that the overall regression model was significant (F = 29.313; p < .001), indicating that family atmosphere and school environment have significant overall effect on a linear combination of emotional intelligence and future aspiration. The univariate results showed the significant main effects of the predictors (F = 48.106, p < .001; F = 12.174; p < .001), on each of the criterion variables. Parameter estimates indicated that both family atmosphere and school environment have significant positive effects on emotional intelligence. The implications of these findings for theory, research, and practice are discussed.
Pages:413-422 Muhammad Akram Uzzaman (Department of Psychology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh) A. K. M. Rezaul Karim (Department…
Pages:423-426
Aduana Panmei (Department of Human Development and Family Studies College of Community Science, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam) Mahananda Manju and Mathur Anjali (Department Human Development and Family Studies Ethelind Colleges of Home Science, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh)

Youth means quality or condition of being young, immature, or inexperienced; the period between childhood and maturity especially adolescence and early adulthood; the freshness, vigour or vitality characteristics of young people; any period of early development; a young person, especially a young man or boy”. The present study “Adjustment pattern of youth across different socio economic groups in Manipur” is an attempt to find out the adjustment pattern of youth. An exploratory research was adopted for the study and Manipur was selected purposively for this research. The cross sectional survey method and stratified random sampling procedure were used for the collection of data. A total sample of 180 youths comprising of 90 boys and 90 girls (30 each belonging to lower, middle and upper socio economic group) of Imphal city, Manipur from three higher secondary schools and three colleges were selected through stratified random sampling techniques from each school and college after implementing the revised socio economic status scale by Kuppuswamy. A Standardized Adjustment Inventory developed by Ojha (2015) was administered to assess adjustment pattern of youths. Mean, frequency, percentage were used as statistical procedure for the analysis of data. It is concluded from the study that maximum numbers of boy and girls had unsatisfactory and average category of adjustment in home, health, social and emotional area in lower, middle and upper economic groups.
Pages:423-426 Aduana Panmei (Department of Human Development and Family Studies College of Community Science, Assam Agricultural University…
Pages:427-431
Mehezabin Dordi and Mrinalini Purandare (Department of Psychology, SNDT Womens University, Mumbai, Maharashtra)

The study was conducted to find out the Life Satisfaction, Personal Growth Initiative and the role of Hope in Alcoholics. The sample population chosen for this study was, 50 adults diagnosed with alcoholism aged 20-50 years The tools of assessment used were Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener et al., 1985); The Personal Growth Initiative Scale (Robitschek, 1998); and the Adult Trait Hope Scale (Snyder et al., 1991). The statistical tool used for the study was Pearson Product Moment correlation. The statistical analysis was carried out using MS-Excel operation. It was found that there were also strong correlations established within the dependent variables of the study, namely Life Satisfaction, Personal Growth Initiative and Hope.
Pages:427-431 Mehezabin Dordi and Mrinalini Purandare (Department of Psychology, SNDT Womens University, Mumbai, Maharashtra)
Pages:432-435
Mohammad Eftekhrifar and Ali Naseri (Department of Psychology, Firoozabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozabad, Fars, Iran)

The purpose of this research was to predict high-risk behaviors based on emotional intelligence and sensation seeking among drivers in Shiraz in 2018. The Method was descriptive - correlational study. Population contained of 230 drivers of above regions 2 and 3 in Shiraz. The sample consisted of 230 drivers from regions 2 and 3 via accessible sampling. Data collection tools included Siberia Sherring Emotional Intelligence questionnaire, Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scale and Risen & et al High- risk Scale. The results of the analysis of the data showed that there was significant relationship between high-risk behaviors and emotional intelligence among drivers, as emotional intelligence can predict high-risk behaviors among drivers. Also there was significant relationship between high-risk behaviors and sensation seeking among drivers, as sensation seeking can predict high-risk behaviors among drivers. Results showed that emotional intelligence and sensation seeking can predict high-risk behaviors among drivers in Shiraz. Therefore it is necessary to take steps to increase emotional intelligence and decreasing sensation seeking to decrease high-risk behaviors among drivers and then decreased many road accidents.
Pages:432-435 Mohammad Eftekhrifar and Ali Naseri (Department of Psychology, Firoozabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozabad, Fars…
Pages:436-442
Mamta Singla (Department of Psychiatry, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab) Arvind Sharma (Department of Psychiatry, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College, Faridkot, Punjab) Nidhi Aggarwal (Department of Psychiatry, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab)

Present educational system is most competitive and lesser opportunities in educational institutes and services later on. High expectations of family and future insecurities among students force them to take pressure of competitive exams beyond their compromised abilities by various factors. It leads to psychiatric problems among students at very young age. To compare psychiatric morbidity in students appearing for civil services and final year MBBS examination. Two study groups of students for MBBS and of civil services were made and students were subjected to structured and standardized PGI-HQ 1 and SCL-80 scales to assess psychiatric morbidity. Data was collected and later subjected to analysis using chi square and p value. Using ICD-10 diagnostic criteria 11% of medical students were found to have Depression [F32] and 7% students were found to have Generalized Anxiety Disorder [F41.1].Various other symptoms as detected on SCL-80 subscale were depression 18%, interpersonal sensitivity 26%, phobia 9%, anxiety 9%, OCD 26% and anger hostility in 20% of medical students. MBBS and Civil services exam is one of the toughest exams to appear for which subject students to rigorous physical, psychological and financial burden putting them to high risk for various psychiatric problems. Timely intervention at various levels of stress can make them perform better and keep them healthy psychologically.
Pages:436-442 Mamta Singla (Department of Psychiatry, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab) Arvind Sharma (Department of…
Pages:443-447
Ravijot Kaur, Hityant Rishi, and Sarabjeet Singh (Department of Agricultural Journalism, Languages & Culture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

Farming is a physically and psychologically challenging occupation, so there is a dire need of understanding and developing interventions to promote well-being of farming populace. The present investigation aimed to study well-being in relation to cognitive distortion, resilience and depression amongst farmers of Punjab. The sample comprised of 250 farmers in the age range of 20-80 years (i.e., 20 to 40 years, 41 to 60 years, 61 to 80 years) randomly selected from various districts of Punjab. The subjects were administered Cognitive Distortions Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-II and Friedman's Well-being Scale to assess the level of cognitive distortion, resilience and depression in relation to well-being respectively. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics i.e. Mean and SD and Pearson product moment correlation. Correlation analysis of the data showed that well-being was positively correlated with resilience and in contrast it was negatively correlated with cognitive distortion and depression.
Pages:443-447 Ravijot Kaur, Hityant Rishi, and Sarabjeet Singh (Department of Agricultural Journalism, Languages & Culture, Punjab…
Pages:448-450
Bahar Ahmadloo and Mahboobeh Chinaveh (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Iran)

The aim of this study was to evaluate marital commitment and sense of loneliness and conflict resolution styles competing in the women referred to counseling centers and women competing is the city of Shiraz in 2016. For this purpose, 35 conflicting women referred to counseling centers and 35 non-conflicting women in Shiraz were selected and marital commitment questionnaires, loneliness questionnaire, standard conflict resolution styles questionnaire and marital conflict questionnaire were completed. The results showed that Lambda Wilkes's Significance was significant in contrasting and non-conflicting women (p <0.05). Therefore, at least one dependent variable can be distinguished in two groups with conflicting women and non-conflicting women. Also, the results showed a significant difference in the variables of commitment, conflict resolution styles and loneliness in conflicting and non-conflicting women (p <0.05). Comparison of means shows that non-conflicting women have higher commitment and style and lower loneliness than non-conflicting women.
Pages:448-450 Bahar Ahmadloo and Mahboobeh Chinaveh (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Iran)
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