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Pages:246-249
Gayatri Raina and Jagriti (Department of Psychology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh )

This study aimed to observe the effect of spiritual intelligence on mental health among university students. The sample comprised of 200 university students (100 males & 100 females) doing post-graduation with the age range of 19-27 years. The tools used for data collection were The Spiritual Intelligence Scale (King, 2008) and The Mental Health Inventory (MHI-38) (The RAND Corporation, 1983). Pearson's Product Moment Correlation was applied to find out the effect of four dimension of spiritual intelligence (i.e., Critical Existential Thinking, Personal Meaning Production, Transcendental Awareness & Conscious State Expansion) on the six component of mental health (i.e., Anxiety, Depression, Loss of Behavioral/Emotional Control, General Positive Affect, Emotional Ties & Life Satisfaction). The results depicted that among male students: Anxiety had a negative and a significant correlation with personal meaning production, transcendental awareness and conscious state of expansion. Depression had a negative and a significant correlation with personal meaning production and transcendental awareness. Loss of behavioral/emotional control had a negative and a significant correlation with personal meaning production and transcendental awareness. General positive affect was positively and significantly correlated with conscious state of expansion. Whereas, the result revealed that among female students: Loss of behavioral/emotional control was significantly and a negatively correlation with personal meaning production and consciousness state of expansion. General positive affect had a significant and positive correlation with conscious state of expansion. Life satisfaction was significantly and positively correlated with personal meaning production and conscious state of expansion. Thus, it can be concluded that spiritual intelligence had a positive effect on mental health of the selected sample.
Pages:246-249 Gayatri Raina and Jagriti (Department of Psychology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh…
Pages:250-253
Debatree Mukherjee (Department of Psychology, Barrackpore Rastraguru Surendranath College, Barrackpore, West Bengal)

The present study aims to determine the contributory factors of happiness among college students. Following variables were studied: attachment pattern, emotional intelligence, inner-other directedness, number of stressful life events in last one year. A sample of 200 students (100 males & 100 females) was selected. Personal Information Schedule, Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, Relationship Scale Questionnaire, Assessing Emotions Scale, Inner-Other Directedness Social Preference Scale, Presumptive Stressful Life Events Scale were administered individually to all subjects to fulfil research objectives. Results reveal no significant gender difference regarding happiness. Significant positive correlations have been found between happiness and secured attachment pattern, Emotional Intelligence, Inner-Other Directedness. Significant negative correlation has been found between happiness and preoccupied attachment pattern. Emotional intelligence, secured attachment pattern, inner-other Directedness and preoccupied attachment pattern have been found to contribute significantly to happiness.
Pages:250-253 Debatree Mukherjee (Department of Psychology, Barrackpore Rastraguru Surendranath College, Barrackpore, West Bengal)
Pages:254-257
Tejpal T. Jagtap (Department of Psychology, Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil College, Urun-Islampur, Sangli, Maharashtra)

In the twenty first century, education plays a very crucial role in human development. Some people acquire high academic achievement through education. The present study accounts the difference in self-esteem and self-efficacy in relation to high and low academic achievement and gender difference among the graduate students. The study consist 100 students, 50 high academic achievements (divided into 25 male & 25 female) and 50 low academic achievements (divided into 25 male & 25 female) as a sample. The subjects were selected through random sampling method in the age range of 21 to 25 years. For the purpose of data collection self-esteem scale by Sing and Srivastav (2008) and Self-efficacy scale by Mathur and Bhatnagar (2012) are used. Mean, SD and t value are used for statistical analysis of data. The conclusions of the present study are: (1)There is significant difference in self-esteem. High academic achievement students are higher in self-esteem than the low academic achievements students. (2) There is significant difference in self-efficacy. High academic achievement students are higher in self-efficacy than the low academic achievements students. (3) There is a significant gender difference in self-esteem. Male students are higher in self-esteem than the female students. (4) There is a significant gender difference in self-efficacy. Male students are higher in self-efficacy than the female students.
Pages:254-257 Tejpal T. Jagtap (Department of Psychology, Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil College, Urun-Islampur, Sangli, Maharashtra)
Pages:258-262
Harmehak Singh and Urvi Sharma (Department of Psychology, G.G.D.S.D College, Chandigarh)

The present research intends to examine the relationship between the two constructs of positive psychology i.e. forgiveness and psychological well-being among females within age group of 18 to 21 years. A random sample of 50 female students is selected from colleges in Chandigarh. For this purpose, it is hypothesized that there exists a positive correlation between forgiveness and psychological well-being. In this study, Heartland Forgiveness Scale (Thompson & Synder, 2003) and Ryff's Psychological Well-being scales (42 items) (1989) is used to measure forgiveness and well-being respectively. The relationships between them were examined using correlation analysis. The results revealed significant correlation ( r= 0.461, p≤0.01) between forgiveness and psychological well-being among females. It indicated that females high in forgiveness are more likely to show improved psychological well-being.
Pages:258-262 Harmehak Singh and Urvi Sharma (Department of Psychology, G.G.D.S.D College, Chandigarh)
Pages:263-265
Nasrin Hatami Nia and Mozhgan Amiriyanzadeh (Department of Counselling, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran)

The purpose of this study was to explain the mediating role of mental health and spiritual intelligence of high school teachers in Jam. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature and method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study included all teachers' Jam city. To determine the sample size, 200 were selected by stratified random sampling method. The instruments used in this research were Goldberg and Hiller's Mental Health Questionnaire, Spiritual Intelligence of King and Associates. The validity and reliability of the tool was confirmed. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and standard deviation and inferential statistics methods, Pearson correlation coefficient and assumed model test using path analysis method were used by Baron and Kenny method. The results indicated that spiritual intelligence has a significant psychological relationship with mental health. Spiritual intelligence can significantly predict mental health directly. Spiritual intelligence has a direct meaningful relationship with organizational citizenship behavior. Mental health is directly related to the citizen's behavior of the organization. Mental health plays the role of mediator between spiritual intelligence and organizational citizenship behavior.
Pages:263-265 Nasrin Hatami Nia and Mozhgan Amiriyanzadeh (Department of Counselling, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht…
Pages:266-270
Farimah Kashavarz and Aminallah Fazel (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

Today, one of the most important problems of human societies is the issue of stress among different people, especially patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Because this phenomenon is influenced by various factors, it can cause psychological, physical, and physical complications for the individual and the community. Therefore, it is important to investigate and identify the affecting factors on this issue. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and personality traits with stress among 50 obsessive-compulsive patients in Shiraz by the using Baran's Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, Personality Characteristics (NEO), and Conflict Stress Strategies (CISS) Andler and Parker (1990) with available sampling method. The results of the relationship between some of the components of emotional intelligence and stress showed that there was a significant and inverse relationship (sig < 0.05 & 0.01). Also, there was a significant and inverse relationship between personality traits and stress (sig < 0.01). Therefore, the findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between personality trait and psychological stress (sig=0.434). But there is a negative and significant relationship between other personality traits and stress at the level of Sig<0.01. Also, the results of regression analysis (multiple regression simultaneously) showed that, the components of emotional intelligence totaling 49% and personality traits totaling 43% of the variance of stress explained and were able to predict stress as negatively in patients with obsessive-compulsive. Therefore, it can be concluded that emotional intelligence and personality traits have an effect on stress reduction.
Pages:266-270 Farimah Kashavarz and Aminallah Fazel (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)
Pages:271-274
Deepa Kannur and Sunanda Itagi (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Community Science, UAS, Dharwad, Karnataka)

The study aim to Depression, anxiety and stress among working and non-working women menopausal women. The Depression, anxiety and stress scale was used to know the psychological well being of women. SES scale was used to know the socio-economic status of family. The study conducted among working (n=40) and non-working women (n=40) in Dharwad. The results revealed that 54.17% of working women had severe depression, while 43.75% of non-working women in mild depression, 45.83% of working women in severe level of anxiety as well as stress. The results showed that there was significant difference between working and non-working women with respect to depression, anxiety and stress. The results also revealed that there was non-significant association observed between SES and depression, anxiety and stress. The study concluded that proper educational intervention is necessary to manage the psychological aspects of working women and also educational intervention needed for coping strategies to overcome mental health problems.
Pages:271-274 Deepa Kannur and Sunanda Itagi (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Community…
Pages:275-278
Gholamhossein Ghassabkar and Seyed Ahmad Mirjafari (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran )

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-efficacy and quality of work life with creativity among the female and male teachers working in the education of the city of Deilam and the countryside. The statistical population consisted of female and male teachers working in the education of Deylam and the suburbs (Imam Hassan section) who taught in the academic year 2015-2016, Using the Krejcie and Morgan table and in an accessible way, 280 people (130 males) and (150 females) were selected as stratified random sampling. To collect the data, Sherer's general self-efficacy questionnaire, Quality of Work Life Questionnaire, used by Casio and Abedi's Inventory of Creativity was used. Validity of the questionnaires was verified using content validity and reliability through Cronbach's alpha. Descriptive statistics (mean) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation test & multiple regressions) were used to analyze the data. The results showed that, with increasing self-efficacy, the quality of work life and creativity increased. 2. Self-efficacy is able to predict the variables of creativity. The quality of working life, social fitness, and work life is a strong predictor for the variable of creativity.
Pages:275-278 Gholamhossein Ghassabkar and Seyed Ahmad Mirjafari (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan…
Pages:279-281
Fatemeh Derogar Jahromi (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Iran ) Mahboobeh Chinaveh (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Iran )

The purpose of this study was to predict occupational stress based on resilience and stress coping strategies in coaches of driving schools in Jahrom. The statistical population consisted of all male and female educators of Jahrom Driving Schools, whose number was 80 in this year. Using the Krejcie and Morgan table, 70 people were selected as the statistical sample. Rescue questionnaire, occupational stress questionnaire and stress coping strategies inventory were used to collect data. Validity of the questionnaires was verified using content validity and reliability through Cronbach's alpha. Descriptive statistics (mean), and inferential statistics (simple linear & multivariate regression tests) were used to analyze the data. The results showed that, 1- Resilience was able to negatively affect the level of significance less than 0.01 in the variable of job stress and predict it. 2- Stress coping strategies, the problem-oriented coping component is capable of considering the significance level less than 0.05 the negative impact on the job stress variable has been predicted and predicted.
Pages:279-281 Fatemeh Derogar Jahromi (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Iran ) Mahboobeh Chinaveh…
Pages:282-284
Priyanka Jangra and Shanti Balda (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, I.C. Collage of Home Science, CCS HAU Hisar )

The study was conducted in rural and urban area of Hisar district. Four Government Senior Secondary Schools, two from rural area and two from Hisar city were selected at random. Total sample constituted of 240 adolescents in the age group of 14-16 years, 120 from rural area and 120 from urban area, representing both the sexes in equal number. Self-prepared interview schedule was used to collect information on personal and socio-economic variables. Self- Esteem Inventory (Prasad & Thakur, 1977) was used to assess self-esteem of adolescents. Correlational and regression analyses were used to analyze the data. Majority of parents had education from high school to senior secondary level and higher percentage of respondents belonged to low income group, followed by middle and high income groups. Both personally perceived and socially perceived self-esteem of adolescents were positively correlated with parental education and family income. Parental education and family income are strong indicators of socio-economic conditions of a family. Regression analysis revealed that socio-economic status of the family is strong predictor of personally perceived and socially perceived self-esteem of adolescents. Results of the present study have implications for adolescents, parents and teachers.
Pages:282-284 Priyanka Jangra and Shanti Balda (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, I.C. Collage of…
Pages::285-289
Bahar Ramezani and Morteza Keshavarz (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Iran )

The purpose of this study was to predict positive thinking and life satisfaction based on the Islamic lifestyle of married women referred to the Yaghtin health center in Shiraz. The statistical population of this study was married women referring to Shiraz community health center. According to the Morgan and Krejsi formula according to the population size, we used 200 married women referring to the health center of the community in the first three months of the year 2017 Were selected by available sampling method Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and regression. The results of the study show that there is a positive and significant relationship between Islamic lifestyle and positive thinking and life satisfaction. In other words, the more Islamic the lifestyle is, the higher the satisfaction of life and the positive thinking and its dimensions. Based on the results of the research, strengthening and expanding the lifestyle of the society will lead to increased life satisfaction and positive thinking.
Pages::285-289 Bahar Ramezani and Morteza Keshavarz (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Iran…
Pages:290-293
Khosro Ramezani, Mahsa Mardanpour, Marjan Mohammadian, and Mohammad Hossein Dehghani (Department of Psychology,Yasooj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasooj, Iran )

Attitudes toward fashion and social identity play an effective role in the mental health of individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between attitude toward fashion and social identity and mental health of students. The research design was descriptive and correlational and predictive. 220 students (114 boys, 106 girls) of cultural universities (n=57), Payame Noor (n=71) and Islamic Azad University (n=90) Eghlid city in spring 2012 were selected by stratified random sampling. All participants completed the Attitude to Fashion, Social Identity and Mental Health (GHQ) questionnaires. The data from the instrument were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate linear regression. The results showed no significant relationship between attitude toward fashion and mental health (p>0.05). There was no significant relationship between attitude toward fashion with the components of physical health, anxiety and sleep disturbance, and interpersonal relationships (p>0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between attitude toward fashion and depression (p<0.01, r=0.348). There is a significant negative correlation between social identity and mental health (p<0.01, r=0.273).There was no significant relationship between social identity with physical health components and interpersonal relationships (p>0.05). The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between attitude toward fashion and social identity with some components of mental health. According to research findings, special attention of educators to mental health of students and students is suggested.
Pages:290-293 Khosro Ramezani, Mahsa Mardanpour, Marjan Mohammadian, and Mohammad Hossein Dehghani (Department of Psychology,Yasooj Branch, Islamic…
Pages:294-298
Fatemeh Hosseini (Department of Counseling, Marvdasht Branch Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran) Mozhgan Amirianzadeh (Department of Education and Psychology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran)

This study investigates the mediating role of spiritual well-being in the relationship between attachment styles and psychological well-being of Isfahan's counselors. This study was practical and a type of correlative studies. Statistical population of the study included all the counselors of Isfahan's consultation centers (980 individuals) in the work year 2016-2017 that 130 individuals were considered as sample size using Morgan table, these individuals were selected by simple random sampling method. For collecting (gathering) data, attachment styles questionnaire (Hazen & Shaver, 1987); spiritual well-being questionnaire (Paloutzian & Ellison, 1982); and psychological well-being questionnaire (Reef, 1980) were used that their validity and reliability have been confirmed. In order to analyze the data in the level of descriptive statistics, frequency, percent, mean, and standard deviation and in the level of inferential statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression have been utilized. The results of study indicated that secure and avoidant attachment styles have a direct relationship with spiritual well-being. There is a direct and significant relationship between secure and avoidant attachment styles with psychological well-being. There is a direct and significant relationship between spiritual well-being and psychological well-being. Secure and avoidant attachment styles can anticipate positively spiritual well-being. Spiritual well-being plays a significant role in the relationship between attachment styles and psychological well-being.
Pages:294-298 Fatemeh Hosseini (Department of Counseling, Marvdasht Branch Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran) Mozhgan Amirianzadeh (Department of…
Pages:299-301
Subhash Meena and Astha Kumari (Department of Psychology, Vasanta College for Women, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh )

This review paper aims to study false memory extensively and with a profound sense of attention and underlies the origin of false memories ranging from the initial to the recent most studies and researches of the topic. The information has been clubbed through a thorough revision and analysis of the topic - related researches and several other journals. The research aims at pointing to a unanimous and authentic understanding of the concept with the help of the amalgamation of the studies so far. False memory, being one amongst several psychological phenomenons, has always been a topic of interest to researchers. The researchers so far have generated an idea that it can lead people to remember their past in different ways, when this sort of distortion occurs people are sometimes confident in their distorted or false memories often go on to describe psuedo memories in substantial details.
Pages:299-301 Subhash Meena and Astha Kumari (Department of Psychology, Vasanta College for Women, Banaras Hindu University…
Pages:302-305
Ameneh Mohammadi and Mitra Mahmoodi (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran )

The purpose of this study was to comparison of personality characteristics and resiliency in people with cardiovascular disease and normal subjects. The method of this study was comparative with descriptive methods. The statistical population of this study was all patients with coronary artery disease in Shiraz, Kowsar, and Ordibehesht hospitals in summer of 2017, A total of 80 patients were selected through targeted sampling and the normal group (without physical illness) was selected by 80 people matched by age, sex, education, employment and marriage. Both groups were evaluated with a researcher's satisfaction with personality assessment and resiliency questionnaires. Data collected by descriptive statistics (mean & standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of variance & T-test for testing hypotheses) were analyzed using SPSS-22 software. The results of the data analysis showed that cardiovascular patients scored more significant scores in the personality component of psychosis and less significant scores in the personality flexibility component compared to the normal group. Also, in the resiliency variable, the heart disease group had less significant scores compared to the normal group. It is suggested that the results of this study be used to design the educational programs of cardiac patients.
Pages:302-305 Ameneh Mohammadi and Mitra Mahmoodi (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran…
Pages:306-310
Shinto Thomas (Department of Psychology, Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), Bangalore, Karnataka) Alphonsa Jose K. (Doctoral Research Scholar, Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry)

The term emerging adults is a relatively new term used to denote the individuals aged between 18-24 years. The researchers have pointed out that this age group is quite different and unique and different terminologies used at present are inadequate in showcasing the unique characteristics of this age group. Previous researchers would agree on one point that emerging adulthood is a stage where individual's productive contribution to society begins and they really possesses huge potentials for growth and development. At the same time more vulnerable to risk behaviors and unhealthy lifestyle habits which will hamper the finest actualization of their potentials. So, how the emerging adults could be molded in such a way that will minimize their vulnerability to risk behaviors? During the previous developmental year's society and parents had significant role in character formation and development, but in emerging adulthood it is more of individual himself and the peers around him. The role of family and society becomes very minimal because of their unique characteristics as emerging adulthood. In such scenario, how can we reduce the emerging adults' vulnerability to risk behaviors? Positive psychology has a significant role to play here. Moldings and interventions based on Positive psychology approach in early years would equip the individual to overcome their vulnerability to risk behaviors. These intervention aims at identifying and nurturing positive character strengths of the individual in the early years. This chapter emphasizes the role of identifying and fostering positive strengths and culture specific values in early years and adolescents so that when they become emerging adults they would be highly productive and fruitful citizens and won't spoil theirs as well as the nation's future by engaging in risk behaviors and national asseth.
Pages:306-310 Shinto Thomas (Department of Psychology, Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), Bangalore, Karnataka) Alphonsa Jose K. (Doctoral Research…
Pages:311-316
Shweta Singh (Department of Applied Psychology, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh)

Schools play an increasingly important role in assisting youth to develop cognitive, social and emotional skills. Twenty first century schooling has been conceptualized in many different ways and has multiple components to it including an emphasis on the role of technology in changing education, new pedagogies, inter-displinary curriculum, open learning spaces and reformed teacher training. However, a core proponent of all conceptualizations of twenty first century schooling is the need for education to develop the whole-student through social, emotional, moral and intellectual development. In Positive schooling teachers use techniques that focus on the well-being of individual students. The goal of positive schooling is to turn all students into teachers who will pass down their wisdom and knowledge to others and teachers who will continue the ways of positive education. The major components of positive schooling are caring, trust, respect for diversity, goals, plans, motivation, hope and societal contributions. These are learnt by different life skills. Resilience is one of them. Resilience is the process of coping with disruptive, stressful or challenging life events. In other words, resilience is the capacity to bounce back, to withstand hardship and to repair yourself. This article is going to be explaining that how by this skill; children can gain the confidence to deal with challenges throughout their lives.
Pages:311-316 Shweta Singh (Department of Applied Psychology, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh)
Pages:317-323
Marziye Moradi and Mitra Mahmoodi (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)

The purpose of this study was to compare metacognitive beliefs, early maladaptive schemas and emotional regulation in obsessive compulsive patients and normal individuals. The present study was a causal study. Among the statistical population of all patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder referring to counseling centers in Shiraz during the first quarter of 2017, 40 obsessive-compulsive patients were selected by available sampling method. Then, the normal group with maximum matched age and Sex with obsessive compulsive group were selected they were assessed by questionnaires of emotion regulation, metacognitive questionnaire, and Yang-Short Form Schema Questionnaire. SPSS-22 software was used to analyze the data in the form of descriptive tests including mean standard deviation, and also to compare the meanings of multivariate analysis of variance and the assumptions of this test. The results of these analyzes indicated that the mean of obsessive-compulsive group was significantly higher in the meta-cognitive beliefs, early maladaptive schemas, and the strategy for regulating the excitement of suppression, and in the strategy of adjustment of the excitement of re-evaluation was significantly lower than the normal group. It is suggested that the results of this study be used to design medical and educational programs in people with obsessive compulsive disorder.
Pages:317-323 Marziye Moradi and Mitra Mahmoodi (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran)
Pages:324-328
Elham Afshinpour and Ali Naseri (Department of Psychology, Firoozabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozabad, Fars, Iran )

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of music therapy on depression in women referred to the emergency medical center of Shiraz. The research design was semi-experimental and the statistical population of this study included depressed women referring to Shiraz community social emergency center which were surveyed in the summer of 1996 Sixty people from this community were selected using purposeful sampling method and divided into two groups of 30 (test & control). The Beck Depression Inventory was distributed among the sample population. In this research, the experimental group participated in music therapy sessions for two days a week for one month, which lasted one hour per day. The members of the witness group also did not receive any training in this regard. After the end of the sessions, a test was performed between the two groups and again after a month, the next test took place. Data were analyzed by software version 17 (SPSS). The results of this study showed that music therapy reduced the level of depression in the experimental group.
Pages:324-328 Elham Afshinpour and Ali Naseri (Department of Psychology, Firoozabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firoozabad, Fars…
Pages:329-333
Tahere Salehi, Hassan Abdollahzadeh, and Babollah Bakhshipour Joybari (Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University (PNU) Sari, Iran)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of self-management and spiritual-empathy training on pre-school preschool self-management and empathy. The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test in two experimental and control groups. The statistical population of this study included all preschool children in Shiraz. For this purpose, preschoolers from Shiraz city were randomly selected from among the preschools and 30 children were selected as the control group as the statistical sample. After conducting self-management and empathy tests for 30 children, a self-management and empathy training program was implemented in 8 sessions of 30 minutes in the experimental group. Self-management and empathy of children in both groups before and after education with self-management and empathy questionnaire (coach form) Bozrgiwas measured. The multi-path and one-way covariance analysis test showed that self-management and spirituality-based empathy education has an impact on self-management and empathy of preschool children. In other words, self-management and spiritual-empowerment education leads to an increase in self-control and empathy in children and there is a significant difference between self-control and empathy between the two groups of experiment and control.
Pages:329-333 Tahere Salehi, Hassan Abdollahzadeh, and Babollah Bakhshipour Joybari (Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University (PNU)…
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