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Pages:209-212
Shaheena Parveen and M. Shafiq (Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi)

In the last few decades, researchers have reiterated the importance of emotional intelligence as an imperative predictor of success at the academic, interpersonal, professional, and organizational levels. The scrutiny of this relationship has also been extended to the outcomes in domains of counseling and psychotherapy. However, further research must be conducted to accumulate evidence for such a relationship and decipher the mechanisms underlying it. Like self-awareness, emotional intelligence of a counselor or a psychotherapist has been regarded as an important dimension for a successful counseling process. Numerous empirical studies conducted in the West have examined the role of emotional intelligence in predicting the outcomes of counseling and psychotherapy in different settings. It has been found, for example, that emotional intelligence factors successfully predict counseling self-efficacy of both counseling students and practicing counselors. The objective of the present paper is to provide a review of the theoretical perspectives and empirical studies, which have been carried out worldwide, outlaying the importance of emotional intelligence in the fields of counseling and psychotherapy. In addition, the need for carrying out such studies in the Indian context along with their implications has also been discussed.

Pages:209-212Shaheena Parveen and M. Shafiq (Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi)

Pages:213-215
Amir Prasad Behera and Prajna Pani (Department of English, JITM, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi)

The main objective of this paper is to examine the impact of emotional self-awareness in career and success, explore the emotional self-awareness competency level of Engineering and Management students in Southern Odisha and suggest the strategies to enhance the prospects of career success with micro initiatives. Self-awareness is tuning in to what is going on with one emotionally: recognizing and acknowledging emotional state. By developing emotional self-awareness, one will be able to effectively guide one's behaviour, improve judgment, develop bonding and connection, and help to identify opportunities for professional development and personal growth. To find out the self-awareness literacy level, 80 students of Engineering and Management were randomly selected as participants who responded to a well-structured questionnaire based on one of the core competencies taken from intrapersonal factor of Bar On/EQ-i model. The result of the study is measured on a five-point scale. The study reveals the self- awareness scores of the student participants, and discusses the need to understand the inner values for macro impact. The emotions of confidence, self-esteem, capability, efficacy, and potentiality continually well up and flow from this deepest level of self-awareness.

Pages:213-215Amir Prasad Behera and Prajna Pani (Department of English, JITM, Centurion University of Technology and…

Pages:216-222
Deepika Shekhawat and Pushpa Singh Rathore (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Is it possible to differentiate between college students who are users and non users of internet services? Do the internet services have an impact on their satisfaction with life and self esteem? The present study aims to answer questions like these and more on the basis of data collected from a group of young college going students. Various questionnaires were filled by four hundred students from various colleges of Jaipur city, to assess the impact online activities have on their psychological being. Statistical measures like t test and ANOVA revealed that there were significant differences between students who used internet services as compared to those who did not with regard to their satisfaction with life and self esteem.

Pages:216-222Deepika Shekhawat and Pushpa Singh Rathore (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Pages:223-230
Pradnya K.Surana and Tim Lomas (University of East London, Water Lane, Stratford, London, United Kingdom)

Although money is central to people's lives, the impact of people's attitudes to money on their well-being has rarely been studied. The present study explored the effect of giving away money on an individual's life satisfaction, self-esteem and money-related attitudes (anxiety, distrust, power-prestige and retention time). An innovative intervention was designed in which participants were invited to either give away money (the experimental condition) or spend money on themselves as usual (the control condition) for three days. The impact of the intervention was assessed using a mixed methods design, comprising pre- and post- quantitative self-report scales (life satisfaction, self-esteem and money-related attitudes) together with qualitative diary reports (analysed using grounded theory). As hypothesized, participation in the intervention led to significant increases in wellbeing in the experimental group, including improvements in life satisfaction and self-esteem. In addition, while the control group experienced higher post-test levels of money-related anxiety, the experimental group suffered no such increases. The results provide corroboration for the powerful idea that charity does not only benefit the recipient, butpositively impacts upon the donor too.

Pages:223-230Pradnya K.Surana and Tim Lomas (University of East London, Water Lane, Stratford, London, United Kingdom)

Pages:231-235
Maryam Talebi (Family Institute, Shahid Beheshti, University, G.C., Tehran, Iran)
Hasan Rezai (Psychology, Instructor in Payam Noor University, Iran)
Ahmad Aramoun (Educational Psychology, Allameh Tabatabai University)
Afsaneh Darabi (Clinical Psychology, Allameh Tabatabai University)
Yaghub Gharloghi (Educational Science, Allameh Tabatabai University)
Seyed Ahmad Hal Ataee (Master of Education, Allameh Tabatabai University)

The purpose of the current study was to analyze the relationship between happiness and personality type with perfectionism in Tehran university students. 400 students (200 boys, 200 girls) were selected by random sampling method. The subjects completed Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, NEO-FFI personality questionnaire and Ahwaz perfectionism scale. The data were analyzed using statistical indicators such as mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. It was found that there exists a significant inverse relationship between student's happiness and perfectionism and also a positive significant relationship between neuroticism and perfectionism among all personality factors. Other personality factors including extroversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness were in a significant inverse relationship with perfectionism. It was concluded that, the more a student has perfectionism and ambitious expectations regardless of his or her abilities, the more anxiety and the less happiness he or she would have.

Pages:231-235Maryam Talebi (Family Institute, Shahid Beheshti, University, G.C., Tehran, Iran)Hasan Rezai (Psychology, Instructor in Payam…

Pages:236-244
Sraboni Chatterjee (Bijoy Krishna Girls College, Howrah, Kolkata)

An attempt has been made to provide an understanding of the personality profile of elderly males belonging to different marital status in terms of certain selected psychosocial correlates. The present study probes into the fact whether or not marital status acts as an inevitable determinant in influencing the personality content in terms of happiness, relationship, and narcissism of aged individuals. A total of two hundred elderly individuals (men) belonging to each group, namely, married, widower, divorcee, bachelor were assessed on the above mentioned variables by applying suitable standardized scales. Significant results were found out with respect to all the dimensions of selected variables. Profile differences among elderly personnel revealed that Married males have higher scores in happiness, healthy dependency, authority, self-sufficiency in comparison to the other counterparts namely widower, divorcee and bachelor aged. Bachelor aged receives the higher mean magnitude in case of destructive overdependence of relationship, superiority, exhibitionism, exploitativeness, vanity, entitlement and overall narcissism than divorcee, married and widower sub samples. On the criteria of dysfunctional detachment divorced aged positioned themselves at top than married, widower and bachelor counterparts. Widowers have lower scores in happiness, authority, self-sufficiency, vanity and overall narcissism than the other counterparts.

Pages:236-244Sraboni Chatterjee (Bijoy Krishna Girls College, Howrah, Kolkata)

Pages:245-249
Roopa Mathur and Swati Sharma (Department of Psychology, The IIS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

College life is a transitional period which offers challenges and opportunities for cementing healthy lifestyle behaviour in students. The transition that young people make between school and university is for many an exciting, yet challenging time. These challenges may enhance or deteriorate their well-being depending on individual character strengths. The present study was designed on correlation pattern to appraise the contribution of positive concomitant factors, mindfulness and wisdom to the well-being of first year college students. Linear regression analysis was conducted to find contribution of these variables in predicting well-being. The sample of the study consisted of hundred first year students (male and female) of various faculties from different colleges. The scales used for assessment were General Well-Being Scale (Dupuy, 1978), Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (Brown, & Ryan, 2003) and 3-D Wisdom Scale (Ardelt, 2003). The results of correlation analysis showed that there exist a significant positive correlation of mindfulness (r = 0.445) and wisdom (r = 0.313) with well-being. Evaluation of regression analysis showed that reflective dimension of wisdom and mindfulness are good predictors of well-being. Further research is required for detailed and widespread investigation of practical implication of results of the study.

Pages:245-249Roopa Mathur and Swati Sharma (Department of Psychology, The IIS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Pages:250-254
Gauri Kadam and Yogita Ubhe (Department of Psychology, Pad Dr. D. Y. Patil ACS College, Pimpri, Pune)

The study was aimed at studying resilience and self concept among police officers in Pune City. A sample of 84 Police Officers (46 Males and 38 Females) with ranks of Police Inspector, Assistant Police Inspector and Police Sub Inspector who were selected by purposive sampling method. Their age range was 24 years to 58 years. One group consisted of senior police officers with more than 20 years of service. While the other group consisted of police officers with upto 10 years of service. These officers were drawn from various police stations in Pune city, Maharashtra. They responded to the Resilience Scale by Wagnild & Young (1987) and Self concept Questionnaire by Saraswat (1999). Statistical tool Anova was used to find differences on resilience and self concept among police officers.The results showed that there was no difference found on resilience (F=0.02), physical self concept (F=3.27), social self concept (F=3.64), temperamental self concept (F=0.24), moral self concept (F=2.44) and intellectual self concept (F=0.38) among police officers with more than 20 years of service and police officers with upto 10 years of service. The results also showed that there was no gender difference found on resilience (F=3.40) among police officers. There was significant gender difference found on physical self concept (F=8.18), social self concept (F=5.88) and intellectual self concept (F=4.95) among police officers at 0.05 level of significance. Whereas there was no gender difference found on temperamental self concept (F=0.02) and moral self concept (F=1.26) among police officers.

Pages:250-254Gauri Kadam and Yogita Ubhe (Department of Psychology, Pad Dr. D. Y. Patil ACS College…

Pages:255-259
Himani Anand (Dayalbagh Educational Institute, (D.E.I), Agra, UP)

Consciousness is one's awareness of mental activities and processes going on in one's mind at any given moment, as well as one's awareness of objects and events in the external world. It includes awareness of sensations, perceptions, thoughts, feelings and memories. Meditation is a process of employing mental exercises to achieve a highly focused state of consciousness. It is a Vedic exercise which can be used as a powerful instrument to restrain sense organs, control autonomic nervous system and also to attain higher state of consciousness. Through meditation a person is expected to get mental peace. Electroencephalograph (EEG) and Galvanic skin Response (GSR) can be used as indicator of an alteration in an individual's state of consciousness. So the present researcher was interested in investigating the effect of meditation (Om Chanting) on EEG and GSR, an altered state of consciousness, under scientifically controlled conditions. This experimental research measures the effects of Meditation (Om Chanting) on EEG and GSR of female university students (graduates and post graduates). The sample consisted of 20 subjects in the age range of 18 to 24 years through purposive sampling technique. The daily practice time of Meditation session was 20 minutes for one month. Pre test- Post test data was recorded before and after intervention of Meditation session by using single group pre-post research design. Recordings of Electroencephalograph (EEG) and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) were made on a computerized polygraph (Model Physiopac, PP 4, Medicaid Systems, Chandigarh, India) test. To test the significance of difference between means of pre test and post test scores of alpha EEG and between means of pre test and post test of GSR scores t test was applied. Results showed that mean score of alpha EEG for pretest is 10.41 and for posttest is 11.63. Similarly, for GSR mean score of pretest is 580.72 and for posttest is 700.78. Obtained t value for alpha EEG is 5.08 which is significant at .01 level and for GSR t value is 3.16 which is also significant at .01 level. The present study revealed a significant increase in Alpha EEG and GSR values as an effect of meditation which suggests the positive effect of psychophysiological relaxation. Increase in Alpha EEG and GSR values show the relaxation and decrease in stress level. It gives a stable and consistent measure of the involvement of the subjects. Alpha EEG and GSR also indicate the level of concentration during the practice of meditation. Today, meditation is a form of relaxation and a means of alleviating stress in our everyday lives.

Pages:255-259Himani Anand (Dayalbagh Educational Institute, (D.E.I), Agra, UP)

Pages:267-272
Vipasha Kashyap (Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, Himachal Pradeh)

It is important to explore the potential role of 'resilience' and 'happiness' in Tibetan refugees which helps them to cope with refugee-hood. It is also necessary to highlight the impact of 'social isolation' and 'emotional isolation' in their life. The aim of this work is to focus on these variables, amongst the Tibetan refugees born and nurtured in exile (India) and the ones born and raised in their homeland (Tibet). A sample of 90 participants (45 in each group) completed the measures of resilience, happiness, social isolation and emotional isolation. Using Correlation and t-test analysis, the magnitude and direction of relationships among the variables and the difference among the Tibetan refugees in the two groups were calculated respectively. The correlation results for the Tibetan refugees born and raised in exile and in Tibet (till their mid/late teens) show, that emotional isolation is significantly and negatively correlated with resilience. Social isolation is negatively and significantly correlated with resilience amongst the Tibetan refugees born and raised in exile. Resilience is significantly and positively correlated with happiness in both the groups. t-test results depict significant differences between the Tibetan refugees born and raised in exile and in Tibet on the variables except resilience. Happiness and resilience (personal attitudes and beliefs) act as promoters of adjustment and stress buffer amongst refugees. They are inversely proportional to social isolation and emotional isolation.

Pages:267-272Vipasha Kashyap (Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, Himachal Pradeh)

Pages:273-279
Bharat H. Mimrot (Department of Psychology, NKSPTs Arts, Sci & Comm College, Badnapur, Jalna, Maharashtra)

In this age of marketing and competition it is a must to maintain and develop human relationship by understanding others emotions and trying to adjust our nature with the people we can uplift elves and our nation as well. Today it is important to know people nature, temperament and emotions and to make necessary changes in our behavior. What is the impact of emotional intelligence in correct recognition of emotions from facial expressions? Is there any difference in correct recognition of emotions from facial expressions between the people whose emotional intelligence is high & whose emotional intelligence is low or not that much good? The main objective of study was to understand the recognition of emotions from facial expressions of high emotionally intelligent and low emotionally intelligent Ss. It was two hypotheses formulated that, the high emotional intelligent people would recognize more emotions correctly from facial expressions than low emotional intelligent people and Females would recognize more emotions correctly from facial expressions than males. The 200 students, in which 100 students (50 males & 50 females) were high emotional intelligence and 100 students (50 males & 50 females) were low emotional intelligence in covered in the study. The emotional intelligence scale by Hyde, Pethe and Dhar was used for data collection. Finally with help of two way- ANOVA, first hypothesis was rejected and second is accepted. Results and conclusion discussed highlighted on full length of paper.

Pages:273-279Bharat H. Mimrot (Department of Psychology, NKSPTs Arts, Sci & Comm College, Badnapur, Jalna, Maharashtra)

Pages:280-285
Imran Khan (Psychologist at Drug De-addiction Centre and Stress Management, Helpline, Police Control Room Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir)
Showkat Ahmed Shah (Department of Psychology University of Kashmir Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir)

The present study compared substance dependents who go for de-addiction with those who don't go for de-addiction on the basis of subjective wellbeing. The sample consists of (N=100) drug addict males taken from district Srinagar. One group of subjects (N=50) include those drug addicts who were attending drug de-addiction centers. Another group of drug addicts (N=50), taken from different areas of district Srinagar include those drug addicts who don't go for drug de-addiction. Alcohol smoking and substance involvement screening test was first used to screen the individuals for substance dependence and then Subjective Wellbeing Inventory by Nagpal and Sell (1992) was used to assess the subjective wellbeing of the participants. The results in this study showed that t-values of the two factors of the subjective wellbeing, i.e., confidence in coping (t=2.402*) and perceived ill health (t=2.096*) were found significant beyond 0.05 levels of significance. However the t-values of the all other factors like General wellbeing positive affect (t=0.853), Expectation achievement congruence (t=0.977), Transcendence (t=0.073), Family group support (t=0.000), social support (t=0.922) Primary group concern (t=1.922), Inadequate mental mastery (t=0.826), Deficiency in social contacts (t=1.034) and general wellbeing negative affect (t=1.006) were found as insignificant even at 0.05 level of significance.

Pages:280-285Imran Khan (Psychologist at Drug De-addiction Centre and Stress Management, Helpline, Police Control Room Srinagar…

Pages:286-292
Padmavati Maharana, Sanjib Patra, T M Srinivasan, and H R Nagendra (Division of Yoga and Management, SVYASA University, Bangalore)

Leaders are born or made is the debate since centuries. Leadership development is multibillion expenses in the west as well as in the east. There are many leadership development programs but yet the search for the solution is a question. Does leadership development program really work? Can yoga be a solution to this? As answer to these above queries spiritual leadership as the need of the hour is gaining a world-wide attention.

Pages:286-292Padmavati Maharana, Sanjib Patra, T M Srinivasan, and H R Nagendra (Division of Yoga and…

Pages:293-296
Priyanka (Department of Psychology, M.A.C.W, Jhajjar, Haryana)
Promila Batra (Department of Psychology, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana)

Recent years have seen a sudden surge in an array of cognitive dysfunctions such as decline in memory, distraction in attention, lack of concentration, and other attention related disorders. Stressful lifestyle in this competitive world may be the root cause. Modern therapeutics though has a spectrum of drugs for the management of cognitive dysfunctions, but they are having serious side effects and habit forming nature. Therefore, in the last few years, there has been an exponential growth in the field of herbal medicine, and these drugs are gaining popularity in both developing and developed countries because of their natural origin and less side effects. Present study is also aimed at exploring the role of Shankhapushpi, a herbal plant in attentional processes. A pre-post, placebo-controlled, double-blind, two groups design was used. Sample was selected from college going student volunteers, belonging to an age group of 19-25 years. Total 50 subjects were contacted and tested upon their span of attention. 30 subjects having a moderate span of attention were selected and divided into 2 groups of 15 Ss each. One group was experimental group, in which the subjects received Shankhapushpi powder (3.5 gm per day with honey followed by a glass of milk) for 10 days. Other group was the control group, administered with the same dose of ordinary powder (made with coriander, spinach, fenugreek etc.) in the same manner. Two types of attentional processes i.e. Alternating, and Divided were taken. The subjects were tested on these tasks before starting the administration of both powders and immediately after stopping the administration. Obtained scores were analyzed by using 't' test. The results indicated that ten days administration was not sufficient to leave a significant impact of Shankhapushpi on any type of attention. Higher doses need to be tested before drawing any generalization.

Pages:293-296Priyanka (Department of Psychology, M.A.C.W, Jhajjar, Haryana)Promila Batra (Department of Psychology, M. D. University, Rohtak…

Pages:297-300
Himani (Central Institute of Education, University of Delhi, New Delhi)

Youth United for Victory on AIDS- School Life Skills Programme (YUVA-SLP) was launched by Department of Education, Government of NCT of Delhi along with State Council for Educational Research and Training (SCERT). The objectives of the study were to understand the initiatives taken up by Government of India to promote the well-being of youth, to explore the understanding of teachers about the challenges and problems faced by adolescents, to understand the role of YUVA-SLP in students' lives and to examine its implementation in schools. The study conducted with Quasi-Experimental research design using semi-structured interview method; sample of 78 students were selected through purposive sampling. Content analysis was used for finding out results. The results showed that the ideas presented in the YUVA-SLP modules are for ideal conditions. The study concludes that the teachers did not have proper understanding of overall well-being of students. As well as students did not trust their teachers about discussing matters of physical changes they were experiencing. It recommends that YUVA-SLP's content should be reviewed and made suitable for current needs. Teachers should be given proper training and adolescents' well-being need to be the major focus while giving training to teachers.

Pages:297-300Himani (Central Institute of Education, University of Delhi, New Delhi)

Pages:301-309
Ruchi Singh (Institute of Behavioural Science, Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, Gujrat)

Engagement in sport and exercise are important for maintaining holistic health and enhancing performance in sports. Sports are invaluable in the life of young students. The personality of sportsmen plays a vital role in exhibiting performance in sports. There are numerous evidences suggesting that how different personality dimensions affect sports performance and how the personality dimensions of different sportsmen differ from one another. The link between personality and sports performance helps the sports psychologists to predict about the outcome of the sports and also to select sportsman for different sports on the basis of the personality of athletes. Besides, the present article provides information that how much sports have importance in our life and also provide some suggestions to improve the quality of sports performance through spiritual exercises (i.e. yoga, meditation) and some cognitive-behavioral techniques (positive self-talk, relaxation and visualization) .

Pages:301-309Ruchi Singh (Institute of Behavioural Science, Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, Gujrat)

Pages:310-312
Natesh B., Rajesh S.K. and H.R Nagendra (Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bangalore, Karnatka)

Mindfulness an individual becomes increasingly aware and attentive in the moment has been one of the main focuses of study within the positive psychology movement. The majority of this research has been conducted with adults. The current study aimed to establish the relationship between state mindfulness and working memory in children. Participants were 167 healthy school children (69 girls, 98 boys) who attended Personality Development Camp. Participants age ranged from 12 to 16 years with a mean age of 13.97 years (SD=1.03). The Corsi-Blocks task was used to measure of visuo-spatial Working memory. Further psychological states were measure using state mindfulness attention awareness scale and state anxiety inventory. State mindfulness had a large inverse and significant correlation with the State anxiety (r=−0.49, p<0.01) and a large positive and significant correlation with the Corsi forward (Forward Corrected r=0.35, p<0.01 and forward block span r=0.31, p<0.01). Further state mindfulness had significant positive correlation with Corsi backward (backward corrected r=0.26, p<0.01 and backward block span r=0.26, p<0.01). Higher-order cognitive processes appear to have positive relationships between mindfulness.

Pages:310-312Natesh B., Rajesh S.K. and H.R Nagendra (Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bangalore, Karnatka)

Pages:313-316
Nity Sharma (Defence Institute of Psychological Research, DRDO, Delhi)
C.R. Darolia (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

In last few decades, there has been a burgeoning interest in the construct of temperament, including its relationship with elicitation and expression of emotion. Although there is not a clear consensus on the meaning of the construct, there is a general acceptance that temperament involves individual differences in behavioural and emotional processes during development and is shaped by biological processes. Among the many determinants of individual differences, negative emotions, occupy a special place in research along with temperament. Negative emotionality is a broad construct that is central to most models of temperament. It includes fine-grained constructs/facets of anxiety, sadness, anger and irritability. The present study focuses on the relation of temperamental traits given by Strelau (1974, 1993) while developing Regulative Theory of Temperament (RTT), with negative emotions of fear, anxiety, depression and anger in a non-clinical sample of 403 children. The results of Pearson's correlations indicate a significant relationship between most of the temperamental traits and negative emotions.

Pages:313-316Nity Sharma (Defence Institute of Psychological Research, DRDO, Delhi)C.R. Darolia (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University…

Pages:317-321
Sheema Aleem and Samina Bano (Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi)

The paper attempts to trace the functioning of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) of South Africa as a practical application of the concepts of forgiveness and reconciliation. The paper aims to posit the various aspects of the TRC against the concept of positive affect and provides an insight into how positive affect can help promote individual well being and social harmony in conflict-ridden societies.

Pages:317-321Sheema Aleem and Samina Bano (Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi)

Pages:322-324
Sairaj M. Patki (Department of Psychology, University of Pune, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra)
Shobhana C. Abhyankar (Department of Psychology, Fergusson College, Pune, Maharashtra)

Helping behaviors at the workplace go a long way in contributing towards a healthy work-environment and organizational functioning. The present study aimed at investigating whether employees display interpersonal helping/citizenship behaviors directed towards individuals (OCBI) and organizational helping/citizenship behaviors directed towards the organization (OCBO) equally well. The sample comprised of 325 clerical employees from nationalized and co-operative banks. Results showed a significant difference between OCBI and OCBO, with employees reporting that they indulge in OCBO more often than OCBI. The possible explanation and implications of the study are discussed.

Pages:322-324Sairaj M. Patki (Department of Psychology, University of Pune, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra)Shobhana C. Abhyankar (Department…
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