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Pages:251-257
Jayashree Sanghani, Usha Upadhyay and Smita Sharma (Centre for Positive Psychology, PRATYUSHA, Janakpuri, Secunderabad, AP)

This paper explores how Positive Psychology Intervention (PPI) is noteworthy in education and empowers educational institutions to enhance students' achievement and well-being. Positive psychology focuses on mental health promotion and prevention activities. It is generally a proactive intervention rather than reactive. PPI are interventions or intentional activities that aim to cultivate positive cognitions, positive feelings and/or positive behaviors that enhance well-being and ameliorate depressive symptoms. These interventions increase positive affect and life satisfaction as well as decrease negative affect through intentional activities; and are not just efficacious but of significant value in participants real lives. Schools are required to generate students who not only achieve high grades but are also capable of living a good life, one in which they find purpose, meaning and happiness. School success requires hope, optimism, emotional energy and motivation, elastic resilience, strong relationships, clearly understood values, refined purpose, and challenging, motivating goals. Parents also desire schools to teach more than academic achievement, i.e. to nurture a love of learning, creativity, resilience, optimism, character strengths, and wellbeing in their children. In the present scenario students as well as teachers experience high levels of psychological stress and anxiety due to various factors, and the prevalence of depression among young people is dreadfully high worldwide. We, at Reach BeYond centre for Positive Psychology have initiated two research projects in education, incorporating principles of positive psychology as follows: Positive Psychology Intervention in Education for the students of private schools belonging to grade 9, 10 and 11. Parents reported that there is a positive change in their wards. Self Efficacy and Language Skill Development through Positive Psychology Intervention for the underprivileged students of a school run by charitable trust. Both above mentioned projects are under process and a lot of constructive changes are noticed among students. The final findings of the research will open a new chapter in the field of Positive Psychology in India. PPIs into life and work of schools may act as buffer against aversive life events, stress and problems, and empower students to have increased levels of creativity, better critical thinking skills and increased levels of positive emotion and adventitious to the larger society.

Pages:251-257Jayashree Sanghani, Usha Upadhyay and Smita Sharma (Centre for Positive Psychology, PRATYUSHA, Janakpuri, Secunderabad, AP)

Pages:258-261
Ishita Agrawal (Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Psychology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, U.P.)

Literature on happiness suggests that though happiness is a relatively stable state, the level of an individual's happiness can be increased through conscious action. Indian literature is abundant with theoretical notions of happiness but empirical work investigating the sources of happiness in the present day scenario is scarce. The purpose of this study was to explore the meaning Indian youth attaches to the term 'happiness'

Pages:258-261Ishita Agrawal (Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Psychology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, U.P.)

Pages:262-269
Anita Sharma and Deepika Bali (Department of Psychology, H.P.University, Shimla, HP)

In this study, an effort has been made to investigate the role of self-esteem and well-being on resilience to stress in the university students. The main findings were gauged through ANOVA. The findings suggest that: (i) High self-esteem and high well-being subjects have shown significantly more resilience to stress as compared to their counterparts by scoring significantly low on deficiency focusing and necessitating and high on skill recognition.(ii)With regard to gender, difference has been found to be significant only on necessitating with females showing more resilience to stress to that of males.(iii)The three factor interaction effect of self-esteem x well-being x gender has also turned out to be significant on deficiency focusing and necessitating.

Pages:262-269Anita Sharma and Deepika Bali (Department of Psychology, H.P.University, Shimla, HP)

Pages:270-271
Md Ali Imam (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh)

The study was conducted to examine the effects of yogic and physical exercise on life satisfaction. 145 subjects in four groups viz. light exercise group, heavy exercise group, yoga performers group and control group were administered measures of job satisfaction and job burnout. All the subjects are male in the age range of 22 to 58 years. Data were analyzed by simple ANOVA suitable for multigroup design. Results revealed that the control group had significantly poor life satisfaction than the exercise and yoga performing group.

Pages:270-271Md Ali Imam (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh)

Pages:272-277
Sonal Madan Johar (Department of Home Science, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur)
Radha Kashyap (Department of Clothing and Textiles, International College for Girls, IIS University, Jaipur)
Usha Kulshreshtha (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of proximity of clothing to self and perceived clothing deprivation with self-confidence among three different socio-economic groups, to find the moderating effect of socio-economic status on this relationship and to find the percentage of variance in self-confidence as predicted by proximity of clothing to self and perceived clothing deprivation of adolescent girls. Participants were 600 adolescent girls (200 each from low, middle and high socio-economic group) aged between 15-18 years from only girls schools of Jaipur city. They completed a questionnaire that included measures of socio-economic status, proximity of clothing to self, perceived clothing deprivation, and self-confidence. Correlation analysis, sub-group analysis and regression analysis indicated no significant correlation between proximity of clothing to self and self-confidence. Socio-economic status is not found to have any moderating effect on the relationship between proximity of clothing to self and self-confidence and proximity of clothing to self does not account for any significant amount of variance in self-confidence. Perceived clothing deprivation has a significant negative relationship with self-confidence. Socio-economic status has moderating effect on the relationship between perceived clothing deprivation and self-confidence in the low/high and middle/high sub-group. Perceived clothing deprivation causes 11.1% variance in self-confidence.

Pages:272-277Sonal Madan Johar (Department of Home Science, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur)Radha Kashyap (Department of Clothing…

Pages:278-285
Harpreet Kaur and Sarita Saini (Department of Human Development, College of Home Science, P.A.U. Ludhiana)

The present study is an attempt to examine the Personal, Marital and Social Support factors as the correlates of Social Isolation among the Aged. It is based upon 120 aged drawn from an urban setting (Ludhiana city). The sample was distributed equally over the three socio-economic strata (high, middle and low) and the two sexes. Personal, Marital and Social Support factors were investigated across four dimensions of Social Isolation (family, friends, neighbours and coping mechanisms). Results revealed that within the family dimension 'Age, Marital status & Total children' were significantly contributing to social isolation in the context of the family.

Pages:278-285Harpreet Kaur and Sarita Saini (Department of Human Development, College of Home Science, P.A.U. Ludhiana)

Pages:286-289
Divya Narang and Sarita Saini (Department of Human Development, College of Home Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

The present study was undertaken to explore the status of metacognitive skillfulness and academic performance of rural adolescents (13-16 years) across two socio-economic strata. The study was carried out in rural schools of block-I, Ludhiana District. The sample comprised of 240 rural adolescents equally distributed over four grades (7th, 8th, 9th & 10th grade), two sexes and two socio-economic groups i.e. middle & low socio-economic group. Metacognitive skills of the subjects were assessed using a Self-structured Questionnaire adapted from Metacognition Inventory (Govil, 2003) and Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (Schraw and Dennison 1994). To assess the academic performance of the subjects, the aggregate percentage of marks obtained by them in the last school examination was procured from the concerned teachers. Socio-economic Status Scale developed by Meenakshi (2001) was used to ascertain the socio-economic status of the selected subjects. Results revealed significant gender differentials in metacognitive skills of rural adolescents with major proportion of female respondents having high level of metacognition as well as better mean scores as compared to their male counterparts. Adolescent girls also surpassed boys with better academic achievement.

Pages:286-289Divya Narang and Sarita Saini (Department of Human Development, College of Home Science, Punjab Agricultural…

Pages:290-295
Niranjan Sia (Department of Psychology, Nayagarh (Auto.) College, Nayagarh, Odisha)
Sanjukta Padhi (Department of Psychology, V. N. (Auto.) College Jajpur, Odisha and Utkal University)

Psychologists have suggested for good social network and better Perceived Social Support for adolescents to maintain proper conditions of health. The present study attempts to explicate empirically the relationships among the domains of Social Support and those of Mental Health in relation to the level of perception and conditions of rearing of orphan adolescents. This is an empirical investigation in psychology which involved 2 (rearing status) x 2 (level of support) factorial design. Accordingly, there were 200 (100 family reared and 100 institutionalised) adolescents in this study. They were administered two standardized scales named “Health Behaviour Questionnaire” and “Perceived Social Support Scale” to find out the impact of rearing condition, level of support in procuring domains of mental health. The findings of the study as reflected in the results highlighted certain interesting dimensions of the study. Most of the findings are similar to the hypothesis made in the study. However, some musual findings have also been derived in relation to interaction effect of Perceived Level and Rearing Conditions on some domains of mental health like coping to crises, control over environment and freedom from anxiety. Similar findings have also been yielded with respect to components of social support such as Perceived Integral Social Support. With the above findings some socially useful suggestions have been recommended for future care of Orphan adolescents.

Pages:290-295Niranjan Sia (Department of Psychology, Nayagarh (Auto.) College, Nayagarh, Odisha)Sanjukta Padhi (Department of Psychology, V…

Pages:296-300
Are. Suresh Babu (Department of Psychology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh)

In this changing global scenario sales organizations have to manage change in an effective way. Emotional Intelligence plays an important role in helping the employees and management to cope with this dynamic change in the sales environment. Emotional intelligence is the employee's ability to recognize and understand emotions and using emotional intelligence to manage oneself and his relationship with others (Singh, 2001). The application of emotional intelligence in the organization includes the areas like personnel selection, development of employees, teams and the organization. 1.to assess the impact of emotional intelligence on job performance of respondents. 2. to study the contribution of demographic variable type of company on sales executives job performance in relation to emotional intelligence. The researcher has met the participants by taking prior permission from their leadership during their periodical meetings. The academic interest of the study is explained to them and their doubts were clarified. After having willingness of the participants and consent from their leadership the questionnaires were introduced and data were collected. The study reveals that emotional intelligence has an impact on the performance of sales executives. The study reveals that there is significant impact of type of company on job performance. Emotional intelligence is an important predictor of job performance in pharmaceutical sales. Comparatively sales executives working in multinational companies have better performance than the executives of national companies.

Pages:296-300Are. Suresh Babu (Department of Psychology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh)

Pages:301-305
D. Barani Ganth (Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry)
S. Kadhiravan (Department of Psychology, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu)

Developing a romantic relationship is considered to be blissful experience by many youth. From the review of literature it is understood that there is a research gap in Indian context in the understanding of romantic relationship with interpersonal relationship perspective and exploring the factors influencing such relationships. This study is an attempt to develop a personality measure of romantic relationship in terms of romantic inclination which can be defined as the degree to which an individual is inclined to initiate or accept a romantic relationship with a member of opposite sex. 169 unmarried youth in the age range of 17-26 participated in the study. Reliability analysis of the data revealed that the Cronbach alpha was 0.856 and test- retest reliability with a gap of 4 weeks was found to be 0.820. Also, the split half reliability was found to be 0.840. Content validity was established through a panel of judges. Exploratory factor analysis identified 7 components contributing to romantic inclination. Further the scale was capable of discriminating the individuals who have experienced love and do not. The complete process of development and validation is presented in this article.

Pages:301-305D. Barani Ganth (Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry)S. Kadhiravan (Department of Psychology, Periyar…

Pages:306-310
Pooja Pandey and Archana Shukla (Department of Psychology, Lucknow University, Lucknow, UP)

This paper summarizes what we know and what we need to know in the context of HIV/AIDS. We know that the first HIV diagnosis was made in 1986 in India. Starting with this first case today almost close to 34 million people are living with HIV/AIDS worldwide. It is also a common knowledge that transmission of HIV takes place through the four modes of transmission i.e. unsafe sex, needle sharing, transfusion of infected blood or blood products and from infected pregnant mother to child. We also know that once inside the body HIV cannot be taken out, removed or cured. It can only be managed through medicines and a disciplined lifestyle. Even though we know that becoming HIV positive changes an infected person's life and also the lives of those related to this person. We somehow think that we (me and my people) are invincible and therefore HIV need not concern us. We conveniently assume that children would automatically acquire the needed knowledge as they grow up. What we need to know and remember therefore is that HIV is a behaviourally acquired infection; that in spite of the concerted efforts by the national and international agencies HIV/AIDS is still growing in India and worldwide; and that its prevention is really very simple provided one cares to change one's attitude and not indulge in high risk behaviors like unprotected sex, use of infected needle. Strategies for saving our young ones would therefore consist of providing accurate information to the children and teaching them life skills of problem solving also decision making, assertiveness and negotiation. Besides, we as a parent must develop effective parenting skills through life skills.

Pages:306-310Pooja Pandey and Archana Shukla (Department of Psychology, Lucknow University, Lucknow, UP)

Pages:311-314
Jagpreet Kaur and Dalvir Singh (Department of Education, Punjabi University, Patiala )

Coping skills are those methods which are meant to cope with stress. The ultimate goal of these skills is a balanced life, with time for work, relationship, relaxation etc. The purpose of the present study was to explore the impact of family and school environment on coping skills viz. coping with emotions and stress in a sample of 500 adolescents from Patiala district of Punjab. The results of correlation analysis revealed a positive and significant relationship of these coping skills with cohesion, expressiveness, acceptance and caring, independence, active recreational orientation, organization and control dimensions of family environment among adolescents. However, a negative and significant relationship of these coping skills with conflict dimension of family environment among adolescents was observed. Also, coping skills among adolescents was found to be positively and significantly related to cognitive encouragement, permissiveness, acceptance and control dimensions of school environment. However, coping skills among adolescents were found to be negatively and significantly related to rejection dimension of school environment. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was run to examine the extent to which the various dimensions of family and school environment contributed to the variability in coping skills among adolescents. The results indicated that independence, expressiveness and acceptance and caring dimensions of family environment and rejection and control dimensions of school environment were the significant predictors of coping with emotions among adolescents. However, coping with stress was found to be significantly predicted by conflict, independence and control components of family environment and rejection component of school environment. Together these family and school environment components explain 12.1 % of the variance in coping with emotions and 20.5 % of the variance in coping with stress. These implications of the results of the study are discussed.

Pages:311-314Jagpreet Kaur and Dalvir Singh (Department of Education, Punjabi University, Patiala )

Pages:315-320
Zulrizka Iskandar, Kusdwiratri Setiono, Hendriati Agustiani and Muwaga Musa (Padjadjaran University, Faculty of Psychology, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, Indonesia)

The study aims to establish the influence of value systems and sexual self-Regulation towards adolescents' sexuality. Adolescents aged 19-21 were recruited from university “X” in Bandung. Data collection techniques were through self-reported questionnaires. The relationship between value systems and sexual self-regulation of adolescents revealed (p< 0.00) indicating that value-systems influence one's sexual self-regulation, further analysis were conducted and the analysis indicated (p< ,001), 36.12% as an influence from sexual self-Regulation and (p< ,000), 63.68% as being influence from value-systems and the findings showed that both variables predict adolescent's sexual behaviors. Further analysis of self-efficacy to goal setting and (p<0.00) that 46.10%, monitoring one's behavior (p<0.002) that 30.25% and finally evaluation (p< 0,030) indicating 15.84% all these were significant but with varying percentages. Results revealed that the degree at which adolescents regulate their sexuality is 36.12%. With an assumption that other factors are held constant, the higher sexual self-regulation increase the more appropriate adolescents sexual behaviors becomes and the reverse is true.

Pages:315-320Zulrizka Iskandar, Kusdwiratri Setiono, Hendriati Agustiani and Muwaga Musa (Padjadjaran University, Faculty of Psychology, Jl…

Pages:321-325
Veena Easvaradoss and Rini Rajan (Department of Psychology, Womens Christian College, Chennai)

Positive psychology is a recent branch of psychology that is commonly defined as 'the scientific study of optimal functioning' (Seligman, 2002) and the 'scientific study of ordinary human strengths and virtue' (Sheldon & King, 2001). The definitions highlight the scientific underpinnings of the field and the positive, non-clinical focus of positive psychology. Spirituality has been studied in positive psychology and defined as “a deep sense of belonging, of wholeness, of connectedness, and of openness to the infinite” (Kelly, 1995). Spirituality is associated with mental health, managing substance abuse, marital functioning, parenting, coping and finding purpose and meaning in life. The article discusses the concepts of positive psychology highlighting their influence on well-being.

Pages:321-325Veena Easvaradoss and Rini Rajan (Department of Psychology, Womens Christian College, Chennai)

Pages:326-328
Richa Shukla (Faculty of Psychology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, M.P.)

A new global wellness paradigm is gradually emerging, the spiritual well-being of an individual. The article takes a close and meticulous look at real happiness and spiritual well being. It conceptualizes that people can obtain real happiness by being more compassionate and caring instead of always comparing and competing themselves with others. One can have comparison and competition with one's true self as one will always find that one's true self is always more caring and compassionate and thus in the process one can achieve congruence with one's true self i.e., the state of 'sachchidananda'.The lessons of wellness can be seen and learnt from Indian Epics too. Our epics are full of evidences and shlokas which give us direction for spiritual wellness. The article is concluded by saying that aiming for spiritual well-being not only makes a better human being but also a better society.

Pages:326-328Richa Shukla (Faculty of Psychology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, M.P.)

Pages:329-332
Sandhya Rai and Anshuma Singh (Department of Psychology, Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith, Varanasi, U.P.)

The present study examines the level of stress and the coping strategies among nursing students. The sample was comprised of 180 nursing students in various hostels selected by a stratified random sampling. A socio - demographic questionnaire was used to identify students for the sample under study. Perceptions of Stressful Scale (PSS) by Cohen, (1983) and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situation (CISS) by Endler and Parker, (1999) were used to assess level of stress and coping strategies among selected nursing students. Descriptive statistics, item-total coefficients of correlation and ANOVA were used to analyze the data. Mean and SD of stress measure for male (M = 19.844, SD = 5.452), for female (M = 21.478, SD = 7.438), and for the whole sample (M = 20.661, SD = 6.555). And, Mean and SD of task-oriented coping for male (M = 51.511, SD = 8.162) for female (M = 49.889, SD =7.646) and for the whole sample (M = 50.700 , SD = 7.928), emotion-oriented coping for male (M = 44.922, SD = 9.043) for female (M = 44.533, SD = 7.333) and for the whole sample (M = 44.728, SD = 8.212) as well as avoidance-oriented coping for male (M = 46.656, SD = 7.961) for female (M = 48.289, SD = 7.235) and for the whole sample (M = 47.472, SD = 7.629) measures of coping strategies. The reliability indices of stress measure for male (SH = 0.769,), for female (SH = 0.870), and for the whole sample (SH = 0.837). And task-oriented coping for male (SH = 0.791) for female (SH = 0.708) and for the whole sample (SH = 0.710), emotion-oriented coping for male (SH = 0.729) for female (SH = 0.894) and for the whole sample (SH = 0.678), as well as avoidance-oriented coping for male (SH = 0.745) for female (SH = 0.603) and for the whole sample (SH = 0.660) measures of coping strategies emerged to be robust, and that the task-oriented coping, emotion-oriented coping and avoidance-oriented coping emerged to be an independent over the levels of analysis (for male, for female and for the whole sample).

Pages:329-332Sandhya Rai and Anshuma Singh (Department of Psychology, Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith, Varanasi, U.P.)

Pages:333-336
Archana, R. (Department of Clinical Psychology, SRM University, Chennai )
Surendra Kumar Sia (Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University. Puducherry)

Humans have the innate capacity to understand emotions conveyed even in unfamiliar music and the earliest form of human exposure to music is maternal singing of lullabies. In this study music has been used as a medium to pacify restless infants before sleep and in their conditions like anger and attention seeking. Two groups of infants between 4-10 months of age were observed for their responses to lullaby and play-song respectively. They were observed over a week with and without using music and time taken to calm down was noted in each condition. Results suggest that music has a positive effect in pacifying infants

Pages:333-336Archana, R. (Department of Clinical Psychology, SRM University, Chennai )Surendra Kumar Sia (Department of Applied…

Pages:337-339
Alpana Vaidya (Department of Psychology, Symbiosis College of Arts & Commerce, Pune)

Good health is the key to happiness and prosperity. It holds at any point in one's life time. The present paper is an attempt to study the relationship between quality of life and emotional intelligence among arts and commerce students in Pune city. The total sample consisted of 313 students from various colleges of Pune city where this course is taught. They were administered Quality of life scale and Emotional Intelligence scale. The quality of life was measured with the help of Comprehensive Quality of Life scale Adult (ComQol- A-5, 1997) developed by Robert Cummins. Emotional Intelligence was measured with the help of Schutte et al. (1998) scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 for windows. Pearson's Product moment correlation was used to test the correlational hypotheses and Anova used to find out gender differences and faculty wise differences in quality of life and emotional intelligence. Results showed significant gender differences on Subjective Quality of Life (SQOL) but gender differences were not found on Objective Quality of Life (OQOL) and Emotional Intelligence (EI). Regarding faculty wise differences, obtained results showed that girls from arts faculty scored higher on SQOL.

Pages:337-339Alpana Vaidya (Department of Psychology, Symbiosis College of Arts & Commerce, Pune)

Pages:340-342
Adnan Khan (Abraham Fischler School of Education, Nova Southeastern University, Florida, USA)

As a construct, Emotional Intelligence has made remarkable inroads in enhancing individual performance at work and in academic settings and expanding the literature in the field has been a recurrent theme for researchers and academicians conducting studies in the area. Recent scientific evidence suggests that Emotional Intelligence may be strongly correlated with improved interpersonal relationships, both, at work and at home. Translating the theory into a pragmatic approach for use in everyday life has been a challenging task. This research study focuses on the practical application of the established theory of the constructs and recommends adopting a combination of varying Emotional Intelligence strategies to implement in real life. Utilizing certain EI strategies and techniques appropriately and in context, individuals can vastly improve their interpersonal relationships

Pages:340-342Adnan Khan (Abraham Fischler School of Education, Nova Southeastern University, Florida, USA)

Pages:343-346
Vijeta Bhati and Sanjay Kumar (Department of Psychology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P.)

The study aims to find out the combined effects of Reiki and Acupressure on migraine headache, anxiety and stress in 40-migraine headache suffering women of age range 30-40 years. Subjects with high intensity, frequency, and associated anxiety and stress were selected through standardized tools. The Reiki and Acupressure treatment were applied twice a week for 3 Months. The Pre and Post experimental design with control and experimental group was employed in the study. The obtained was statistically analyzed by mean, t-test and percentage revealed that the Reiki and Acupressure were significantly effective in reducing migraine headache and associated anxiety of experimental group. Besides it relief in insomnia, restlessness and behavioral irritation was also reported by migraine suffering adult women.

Pages:343-346Vijeta Bhati and Sanjay Kumar (Department of Psychology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P.)
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