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Pages:340-344
Grant J. Rich (Editor, International Psychology Bulletin, Juneau, Alaska, USA)

This article explores the flow experience in the domain of jazz piano music. Developed by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi and colleagues, this theory of optimal motivation and engagement argues, in part, that enjoyment and enhanced performance result if certain conditions- the nine components of flow- are met. These elements include: having clear, specific goals; receiving immediate feedback; maintaining a balance between the challenges of an activity and the skills one brings to it; feeling a sense of control; increased concentration; experiencing an altered sense of time; sensing a merging of the action and awareness; a lack of self-consciousness; and the sense that the activity has become autotelic, an end in itself. This article demonstrates that the general flow experience may be modified to a degree for performing improvisational musicians, as the flow experience of pianists often involves an additional merging of action and awareness, including a sense that the musician has become one with both music and piano, and sometimes, with an audience. Data for the article include interviews with well-known jazz pianists, as well as autobiographical and biographical material. Implications of this flow state in jazz pianists for enhanced performance, pedagogy, motivation, task persistence, and personal growth and enjoyment are discussed.

Pages:340-344Grant J. Rich (Editor, International Psychology Bulletin, Juneau, Alaska, USA)

Pages:345-352
Arnab Jana and Noboru Harata (Department of Urban Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan)

Outpatient health trips in India, are often undertaken by a group of people rather than independently. The formation of such groups is not only due to the urgency of illness, but also owing to several anticipated complexities and barriers, and companionship is an adaptation strategy to counter such impedances. Under the supply constraints and inequality of services, coupled with irregularities of public transportation system and design barriers, the study estimated models to elaborate the role and necessity of companions. The implication of this research is three fold; firstly it elaborates on the vitality of the companions during health trips countering several constraints, secondly, the significant effects of various impedance of accessibility can be identified for policy evaluation and thirdly, the humanitarian service of the community especially during the people in need. This paper tries to highlight the need for seamless accessibility for the ill to the health facility, such that people are independent in their health activity and choice. Companionship in terms of altruism explains the cohesiveness between members, while, companionship driven by dependency elucidates inaccessibility and delay.

Pages:345-352Arnab Jana and Noboru Harata (Department of Urban Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan)

Pages:353-355
Alicia Saxe and Luís Sérgio Vieira (University of Algarve, Portugal)

The main purpose of this study is to examine and describe the subjects and themes in the data collected from a two-month positive psychology intervention with 3rd and 4th grade students. The activity required each of the students to begin and finish each school day by recording three positive events that happened during that day or the prior evening in a positive notebook that was provided to them, therefore increasing the frequency of positive thinking inside the classroom. The students were also encouraged to reflect on the personal significance and value of these positive incidents. A coding system was created to define topics and patterns of the entries. Results show that elementary school students consider academic and physical activities, as well as their friends, families, and teachers as being the most positive, although context may play an intervening role. Differences in the frequency and quality of the entries indicate that the success of this program is highly influenced by the teacher/administrator. This activity further demonstrates elementary school students' ability to express and reflect on their own emotions and well-being, a characteristic which could serve as a protective factor as they enter into adolescence.

Pages:353-355Alicia Saxe and Luís Sérgio Vieira (University of Algarve, Portugal)

Pages:356-364
Rekha Rani and Navin Kumar (Department of Psychology, Bhim Rao Ambedker College Delhi University, Delhi)
Renu Rastogi and Pooja Garg (Department of Humanities & Social Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee)

In today's rapidly changing work environment, quality of work life has become vital constituent of an employee's life where the work conditions as well as the work experiences play an integral role in the psychological wellbeing (life satisfaction) of police employees. Using the data of 200 police employees this study has examined the effect of quality of work life on psychological wellbeing of police employees, leading to life satisfaction. The obtained results from Pearson's r and stepwise multiple regression analysis indicate that the dimensions of quality of work life have significant and positive contribution in maintaining psychological wellbeing (autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relations with others, purpose in life, and self-acceptance), of police employees, leading to life satisfaction. The findings provide valuable implication and suggestions that more researches are required to consider that positive experiences and support at workplace can definitely boost the energy, optimal functioning and positive behaviors at workplace (professional) as well as outside the work (personal) which lead to fulfilment and satisfaction in life.

Pages:356-364Rekha Rani and Navin Kumar (Department of Psychology, Bhim Rao Ambedker College Delhi University, Delhi)Renu…

Pages:365-373
Mahesh Kumar Maurya and Yukti Gill (Department of Psychology, F.S.S., BHU, Varanasi, U.P.)

The present study was conducted with the objective of examining the nature of the relationship between life satisfaction dimensions and mental health among the married and unmarried research scholar. The population for our study was university research scholars, so we included a wide variety of satisfaction measures we thought relevant to this population, such as satisfaction with the family, friends, university, living environment and self. Participants were 143 research scholars from the Faculty of Social Science (FSS) and Arts, BHU, Varanasi (U.P.), India. Among these, 111 participants were unmarried and 32 participants were married research scholars. The scale, for measuring Multidimensional Students' life satisfaction, developed by Huebner (2001) was used. Among the mental health status dimensions, general well-being was assessed on the dimensions of) psychological wellbeing (PWB) and psychological distress (PD (Heubeck & Neill, 2000). Among the demographic variables, there were significant difference between the married and unmarried research scholar with regard to age, research experience and income. Results also showed that family, friends, university, living environment and self was no significant difference between the married and unmarried research scholar. Among the mental health dimension there was no significant difference between the married and unmarried research scholar with regard to psychological wellbeing and psychological distress. Psychological wellbeing of married and unmarried research scholar was significantly, positively correlated with family, friends, university, living environment and self. On the other hand the psychological distress of married research scholar was significantly, positively correlated with experience and negatively correlated with family, friends, living environment and psychological wellbeing and psychological distress of unmarried research scholar was significantly, negatively correlated with experience, family, friends, university, living environment and psychological wellbeing. Family and university significantly predicted psychological wellbeing of married research scholar. On the other hand university, self and living environment significantly predicted psychological wellbeing of unmarried research scholar. Research experience and family significantly predicted psychological distress of married research scholar. On the other hand research experience, university and living environment significantly predicted psychological distress of unmarried research scholar. Purchase PDF
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Pages:365-373Mahesh Kumar Maurya and Yukti Gill (Department of Psychology, F.S.S., BHU, Varanasi, U.P.)

Pages:374-377
Qudsia Tariq (Department of Psychology, University of Karachi, Pakistan)
Fareeha Kanwal (Organizational Psychologist, Pakistan)

The present research aims to study the relationship between self actualization and job satisfaction. The research hypothesis formulated suggested that self actualization would be related with Job satisfaction. The following measures were used for conducting this study. The first tool introduced to the participant was a demographic sheet which comprised of 2 parts ; part A was for personal data, which comprised of the personal details like age, marital status, qualification et cetera, and part B for work history including work experience, number of jobs shifted, work relations etcetera. Other then this 2 set of questionnaires were developed to measure the two research variables. The first questionnaire was based on Maslow's (1954) Hierarchy of needs which evaluated the self-actualization concept; the second one contained items from the Job satisfaction Questionnaire by Spector (1983) which were adapted to develop a new questionnaire to measure job satisfaction. A sample of 220 subjects including equal number of males and females participants was selected from tall and flat organization with the help of stratified sampling technique. The questionnaires were analyzed using Pearson r. Results showed negative correlation between self actualization and job satisfaction and further analysis indicated a positive correlation among preferred needs and job satisfaction (p<0.01). The limitations of the study and recommendations for further studies have also been discussed.

Pages:374-377Qudsia Tariq (Department of Psychology, University of Karachi, Pakistan)Fareeha Kanwal (Organizational Psychologist, Pakistan)

Pages:378-387
Meenu (Department of School and Non-formal Education National University of Educational Planning and Administration [NUEPA], New Delhi )

This paper draws on empirical research to explore the ways to understand how cancer patients cope with their suffering throughout their life. A qualitative paradigm was used for this study with data collected using semi-structured interview protocol. The study was conducted on 15 cancer patients of Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India. To explore the impact and experience of living with cancer in a way that could pressure the situated wholeness of the experience, a phenomenology methodology was used, capture the participants own perception and constructions in living out with cancer. The data collected by the form of interaction with participants. The interviews were open ended to the extent that the participants were allowed to freely talk about their experience. The interviews were then transcribed; meaning unit's word extracted & themes were derived through the method of analysis given by Strauss Corbin (1990). Four common themes emerged from the analysis of the interviews. They are broadly categorized as: First, Personal meaning of the cancer patient: how the patient sees the cancer and answers quarries in different ways to identify and creating the meaning of their illness. Second, Psycho-social reaction to their illness: many of the psycho-social effects of cancer patient understood in terms of reaction to their illness such as physical, emotional, and socially deprived experience. Third, Coping strategies used by them during the different phases of illness: how does the patients manage their suffering with variety of coping skills and Fourth, Perspective on pre-cancer lives and post-cancer lives: how the patients have changed their thoughts, beliefs such as now they plan their future with some amount of uncertainty but there was no uncertainty prior to diagnosis. Conclusion included that, for the cancer patients, different coping strategies and their attitude towards cancer appeared to be powerful key to fight with their suffering.

Pages:378-387Meenu (Department of School and Non-formal Education National University of Educational Planning and Administration [NUEPA]…

Pages:388-393
Nabamita Chakraborty, Tanima Chatterjee and Sanjukta Das (Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata)

Midlife is an intriguing phase of the life-course characterized by prominent transitions in the psychological make-up. The current research had twin objectives. A part of it examined an approximate chronological age boundary of middle adulthood as a life phase in the socio-cultural set-up of the city of Kolkata, India, through an opinion survey. The sampling was purposive. 88 working adults, aged between 30-50 years participated in the opinion-survey. This part revealed that midlife is thought to fall roughly between the ages of 35 and 59 years in the targeted socio-cultural environment. Another part examined whether age and gender influenced midlife generative concern and generative action, (the concept of generativity being intrinsically associated with successful and productive adult development particularly manifested during midlife), and how generative concern was related to generative action in the middle adults of this part of the world. The sampling was again purposive and sample size was 100. The Loyola Generativity Scale (LGS) and the Generative Behavior Checklist (GBC) were used to assess the constructs of generative concern and generative action respectively. Findings reveal an age and gender interaction effect upon generative concern. A positive correlation was found to exist between generative concern and action. Implications and conclusions of the above are mentioned.

Pages:388-393Nabamita Chakraborty, Tanima Chatterjee and Sanjukta Das (Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata)

Pages:394-396
T. Rajesh (
Composite Regional Centre for Persons with Disabilities Social Welfare Complex, Vellimadukunnu Kozhikode, Kerala)
K. G. Dhanesh (Composite Regional Centre for Persons with Disabilities, Social Welfare Complex, Vellimadukunnu, Kozhikode, Kerala )

The present study aimed to identify the benefits of multidisciplinary approach in managing adult with autism. A 19 year old boy with autism was taken for this study. Initial assessments were done using detailed Clinical Interview, Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and Sensory Integration inventory were used for this study. The boy was trained with the use of Behaviour Modification Techniques, Sensory Integration (SI) Therapy, Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS), ADL and Cognitive Training. Post test was conducted after 6 months of therapy. Results discussed in detail.

Pages:394-396T. Rajesh (Composite Regional Centre for Persons with Disabilities Social Welfare Complex, Vellimadukunnu Kozhikode, Kerala)K…

Pages:397-401
Kalpana Sahoo (Sri Sri University, Bidyadharpur, Godi Sahi, Cuttack, Odisha)

In recent years psychologists have carried out a large numbers of studies to examine the relationship between religious experience and mental health. Some studies indicate a positive association between them, while other show negative relationship. So psychologists have distinguished two forms of religious experiences: external religiosity and internal religiosity. External religiosity is indicted in the form of attending the places of worships, rituals and other outward behaviors. Internal religiosity refers to attitude and values. Accordingly spiritually has been likened to internal religiosity. Spirituality, defined as a search for sacredness, not only highlights the search process; it also involves efforts to hold onto the sacred once it has been discovered .This paper highlights the role spiritualism in workplace and the individual role to develop spiritualism . In addition to effort of spiritually based leaders, organizations need to adopt some useful practices in this direction to face the upcoming challenges.

Pages:397-401Kalpana Sahoo (Sri Sri University, Bidyadharpur, Godi Sahi, Cuttack, Odisha)

Pages:402-405
Rini Rajan and Veena Easvaradoss (Department of Psychology, Womens Christian College, Chennai)

The aim of the study was to examine the impact of happiness-related intervention on happiness, forgiveness and gratitude among adolescents. The aim of the study was also to investigate the effect of age and gender on happiness, forgiveness and gratitude. The relationship between happiness, forgiveness and gratitude was also studied. The design used for the study was pre- and post-intervention with control group. The sample consisted of 120 high school students (60 boys and 60 girls) taken from 8th and 11th grade (M = 14.8, S.D = 1.49). Repeated-measures MANOVA was used to measure the effectiveness of the intervention. The findings showed that the intervention group had significant increase in happiness, forgiveness and gratitude scores post-intervention compared to the control group. The findings further revealed that age did not have an effect on the variables. With relation to gender, females were happier and more grateful compared to males. There was no significant gender difference in forgiveness. Multiple correlations showed that happiness has a significant, positive relationship with forgiveness and gratitude. There was a moderate positive correlation between forgiveness and gratitude. The implications of the study will be discussed later at the conference.

Pages:402-405Rini Rajan and Veena Easvaradoss (Department of Psychology, Womens Christian College, Chennai)

Pages:406-410
Nandita babu and Subhasmita Panda (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi)

How do we understand each other? As social beings, one of the most important tasks for people is to develop social and communicative skills in order to interact with other people. Almost always, in social worlds, we take into account and try to understand other people's feelings, desires, beliefs, intentions and motivations based on our own “theory of mind”. Theory of mind enables us to explain and predict other people's behavior and appropriately responds to them in relationships. It involves an understanding that people have mental states including thoughts, beliefs, and desires. Children's knowledge about the mind is a foundational domain of social-cognitive development and by 4 to 5 years of age most children have acquired an understanding of mind. That is, children around this age are able to understand a person's action in terms of that person's desires, thoughts, beliefs and emotions. Developing a theory of mind is important because it enables children to interact appropriately with others. It enables children, as they grow, to acquire more complicated socio-cognitive skills such as perspective taking, collaboration, recursive thought. This ability allows to interpret the behaviors of others in everyday social interaction. Theory of mind understanding is intricately related to language. In this paper the importance of Theory of mind in children's social interaction is being highlighted.

Pages:406-410Nandita babu and Subhasmita Panda (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi)

Pages:411-414
Moni Chaudhary (Department of Psychology, Meerut College, Meerut, UP)
Sanjay Kumar (Department of Psychology, Chaudhary Charan singh University, Meerut)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the combined effect of reiki and acupressure on insomnia and depression in female sufferers. The sample was consisted of 40 female subjects of age group 30-45 years with high scores on symptoms of insomnia and depression. Subjects were randomly selected on the basis of scores of self-developed 'Insomnia Scale' and 'Amritsar Depression Inventory'. The selected subjects were randomly assigned to two groups of experimental (20 Ss) and control group (20 Ss) having more or less equal variance of insomnia and depression scores. The reiki healing and acupressure was applied twice a week for 10 weeks on experimental group. Data was collected before and after the treatment from both groups. Obtained data were analyzed through mean and ANCOVA. The results show that the reiki and acupressure together were significantly effective methods in reducing insomnia and depression symptoms in female sufferers.

Pages:411-414Moni Chaudhary (Department of Psychology, Meerut College, Meerut, UP)Sanjay Kumar (Department of Psychology, Chaudhary Charan…

Pages:415-417
Geetika Shree and Kumar Neeraj Sachdev (Department of Humanities and Languages, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan)

It has been a common tendency to focus on intellectual or cognitive development of a student in an educational system, wherein positive connotations of moral development get neglected. This paper focuses on incorporating the essence of moral development and positive psychology in the formal educational process in order to build a stronger and better educational system. The paper discusses the nuances of these two areas, and how this can bring about certain positive changes in the society.

Pages:415-417Geetika Shree and Kumar Neeraj Sachdev (Department of Humanities and Languages, Birla Institute of Technology…

Pages:418-421
T. Rajasekhar (School of Management Studies, Laki Reddy Bali Reddy College of Engineering, Mylavaram)
K. Vijayasree ( Cognitive Science Centre, Laki Reddy Bali Reddy College of Engineering, Mylavaram)

The present investigation of the study is to examine the impact of emotions and sociability on decision making of adults. The sample consisted of 50 and selected them through simple randomized sampling technique The emotional intelligence scale by Hyde et al. (2002), the sociability questionnaire by Bernet (2004) and the decision- making questionnaire by London Business School (2003) are used for study . The means, SDs, correlation, t-test and f-test were employed for investigation of the study. The results concludes that there is no significance impact of emotions on decision making process and there is significance relation of sociability with regard to decision-making process and there is combined significant interaction effect of emotions and sociability on decision-making process.

Pages:418-421T. Rajasekhar (School of Management Studies, Laki Reddy Bali Reddy College of Engineering, Mylavaram)K. Vijayasree…

Pages:422-424
Sahar Javed and Naheed Nizami (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP)

This paper studies the relationship of self-efficacy with adjustment among college students. 300 participants (male=150 and female=150) were drawn from different streams of Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. Two valid and reliable instruments were used to assess adjustment and self-efficacy. Data analysis involved the use of product moment method of correlation and t-test. The results indicate that self-efficacy is positively correlated with adjustment. It also revealed that female students were better than male students in terms of adjustment. On the basis of the findings, it is suggested that self-efficacy beliefs in students is instrumental in influencing academic performances and the amount of stress and anxiety.

Pages:422-424Sahar Javed and Naheed Nizami (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP)

Pages:425-427
Sarita Sood, Richa Gupta and Arti Bakhshi (Post-gratudate Department of Psychology, University of Jammu, Jammu)

This study was carried out to determine if the level of PGI interacts with the life satisfaction. Difference in life satisfaction of adolescents from short stay homes with high and low personal growth initiative was examined. The relationship between personal growth initiative and life satisfaction was also explored. The study involved 68 disadvantaged residents of various short stay homes in Jammu. Mean, standard deviation, median, independent samples t-test, and correlation using product moment method were used for statistical analysis. Results revealed greater life satisfaction in those having high personal growth initiative. An association between personal growth initiative and life satisfaction was also found. The researcher emphasizes on replication of study. The findings of studies might be useful for those involved in community care settings.

Pages:425-427Sarita Sood, Richa Gupta and Arti Bakhshi (Post-gratudate Department of Psychology, University of Jammu, Jammu)

Pages:428-432
Akanksha Tripathi (M. C. M. D.A.V. College for Women, Chandigarh)

In the few years, there has been a growing literature on interpersonal forgiveness from a variety of psychological perspective. Bonar (1989) contends that the need for forgiveness can be explained within every major system of psychology. Although it has, received relatively little empirical attention from psychologists and social scientists, forgiveness is a central topic in everyday life. From the personal level, to the family level, to the community level, to the international level, the quality of our relationships with others are largely determined by the willingness to forgive that we manifest towards the persons or the groups who have, intentionally or unintentionally, severely or slightly, durably or temporarily, harmed us (Park & Enright,1997). The aim of the present investigation was to compare males and females on the measures of Dispositional Forgiveness and offense specific Forgiveness. For this purpose, Forgiveness was assessed by using Heartland dispositional scale devised by Thompson and Snyder (2003) and Offense specific forgiveness was measured by using Enright Forgiveness Inventory (Enright & Human Development Study Group, 1998).These tests were administered on 400 students (200 males and 200 females) in the age range of 16-20 years. Descriptive statistics, t-ratios and stepwise discriminant functional analysis was used to analyze the data. Results clearly revealed that males are higher on the various dimensions of forgiveness. Results are discussed in detail.

Pages:428-432Akanksha Tripathi (M. C. M. D.A.V. College for Women, Chandigarh)

Pages:433-434
Parisha Jijina, Ruchi Varma and Vibha Sharma (Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Human Behaviour & Allied Sciences, Delhi)

Human beings are multi-dimensional with body, mind, soul and heart. Mental health professionals are becoming ever more aware of the need of all human beings for a sense of meaning in their life. Spiritually augmented cognitive behaviour therapy goes beyond the dualism of mind and body as in traditional CBT (Cognitive-behaviour therapy). This approach is being increasingly used in diverse settings with a variety of faith groups to address a wide array of problems. In this case report, we present a case of a young adult who was experiencing a lack of meaning and purpose in his life and was diagnosed with Depression. Traditional cognitive-behaviour therapy for Depression was provided and since he was spiritually inclined, spiritually augmented CBT techniques were also used as an adjunct. These techniques focussed on helping the client increase his Self-awareness, developing Gratitude and inculcating a Non-judgemental attitude. Also, connecting with Mother Nature and Imagery techniques such as Inner Sanctuary were applied to help the client relax. Post-therapy, significant improvement was noted in depressive features as was evident on both objective and subjective reports. The client was also taking initiative to explore options about finding meaning in his life. Thus, based on the client's objective and subjective report it was concluded that spiritually augmented CBT was a beneficial and valuable adjunct to traditional CBT in this particular case of depression.

Pages:433-434Parisha Jijina, Ruchi Varma and Vibha Sharma (Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Human Behaviour…

Pages:435-439
Sonam Dullat (SUS College of Research and Technology, Tangori, Mohali, Punjab)
Sangeeta Trama (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

The productivity of the work force is the most decisive factor as far as the success of an organization is concerned. The productivity in turn is dependent on the psychosocial well-being of the employees. Stress can affect one's health, work performance, social life and the relationship with family members. The stress response is a complex emotion that produces physiological changes to prepare us for fight or flight. To defend ourselves from the threat or flee from it. The stressors and its consequences are to be understood at individual and organizational level. Stress in the workplace has emerged as a major issue for businesses and has reached alarming proportions. Organizations must develop stress prevention as well as stress reduction techniques. This research focuses on practices adopted by organizations to prevent, minimize and to overcome the stress. The study aims at understanding use of yoga, meditation and soothing humor by different organizations as an antidote to workplace stress.

Pages:435-439Sonam Dullat (SUS College of Research and Technology, Tangori, Mohali, Punjab)Sangeeta Trama (Department of Psychology…
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