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Pages:115-123
Shruti Shourie (Department of Psychology, D.A.V. College, Sector 10, Chandigarh)

The present investigation aims to determine the utility of meditation in enhancing positive affect, happiness, health, satisfaction with life, self esteem & well-being, and reducing negative affect, stress, anxiety and aggression. For the purpose of the present study, a total of 100 people, half males and half females, in the age range of 40-50 years (Average Age 44.7 years), have been studied thrice over a period of one year on all the study variables. The subjects have been picked up from the enrolment list of various Meditation Centers in Chandigarh and New Delhi. At the beginning of the study, when the subjects are not involved in any meditational activity, their baseline scores are obtained. Then they are initiated into a meditation program. A second assessment is done after three months period, during which the subjects are involved in meditative activity for five hours each week. Finally the third assessment is done after one year of involvement in the meditative activity, for five hours each week. A comparison is made of all the three assessments to find out if the practice of meditation has made any difference to the subjects. The subjects were assessed on Positive and Negative Affectivity Scale (Watson, 1988), Psychological well being (Ryff & Keyes, 1995), Satisfaction with Life (Diener et al., 1985), Clinical Anxiety Scale (Hudson, 1992), Index of Clinical Stress (Abell,1991), Self rated Perceived Happiness Status rating scale (Fordyce, 1995), Self rated Perceived Health Status rating scale (Blaxter, 1995), Aggression Questionnaire (Buss & Perry,1992), Self Esteem Questionnaire (Rosenberg,1965). For Positive Affect, Satisfaction with Life, dimensions of Psychological Well being, Self esteem, Perceived Happiness and Perceived Health, the baseline mean scores were the lowest followed by the mean scores after 3 months of meditation, and then by the mean scores after 12 months of meditation. This indicates an enhancement of positive emotional and mental states. The trends reversed for Negative Affect, Stress, Anxiety and dimensions of Aggression i.e., the baseline mean scores were the highest followed by the mean scores after 3 months of meditation, and then by the mean scores after 12 months of meditation. This indicates a decrease in negative emotional and mental states. This leads us to an inference that with meditation, the subjects have shown an improvement in the dimensions of positive affective and mental states and have shown a decline in the dimensions of negative affective and mental states.

Pages:115-123Shruti Shourie (Department of Psychology, D.A.V. College, Sector 10, Chandigarh)

Pages:124-127
Manisha Jha (Clinical Psychologist, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, Delhi)
Vibha Sharma and Tej Bahadur Singh (Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, Delhi)

The present work aimed to outline the pattern of child and family factors, which facilitate an effective and sustainable positive adaptation in the presence of chronic disease such as Turners Syndrome. The current level of cognitive and emotional functioning of the child as well as family functioning in terms of stress and coping pattern of the parents were assessed in detail, in relation to chronic illness. This was followed by the intervention provided by a Clinical Psychologist along with the pharmacological management by the Medical specialist and Occupational therapy. Promoting the strengths of the child while she was undergoing a negative experience along with adaptability and coping strategies of family members and an opportunity to seek help were relevant for child's well-being. The case report highlighted that caring relationships, positive expectations and opportunities for meaningful participation provided by the family, school and community go a long way in promoting child's ability to resist adversities as well as moderating the risk factors.

Pages:124-127Manisha Jha (Clinical Psychologist, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, Delhi)Vibha Sharma and Tej…

Pages:128-132
Navdeep Singh (Department of Education, Govt. High School, Pheruman, Amritsar)
Agyajit Singh (Ex. Head, Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala)

The present study aims to measure the emotional intelligence and self-concept of the adolescent children, and also to know if significant differences existed on these variables between male and female students. It was also the purpose to establish the relationship between emotional intelligence and self-concept of the adolescents. It was hypothesized that there would be on significant differences on emotional intelligence and self-concept of school students on the basis of sex. Also there would be a positive and significant relationship between psychological well-being and self-concept. The sample of the study consisted of 400 adolescent children studying in 9th and 10th classes, out of which 200 were males and 200 were females. They were administered Emotional Intelligence test by Dr. S.K. Mangal and Shubhra Mangal and Self-Concept test devised by Dr. R.K. Saraswat. The results reveal that (i) male and female students differed on fourth component and total EI; but not on the first three components, (ii) male and female students did not differ significantly on self-concept,(iii) there was a positive relationship between emotional intelligence and self-concept of adolescent children,

Pages:128-132Navdeep Singh (Department of Education, Govt. High School, Pheruman, Amritsar)Agyajit Singh (Ex. Head, Department of…

Pages:133-135
Aparna Singh (Department of Paediatrics, IMS, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi)

The risk of someone committing suicide continues to be an elusive challenge for health professionals, and the role of emotional intelligence is an ongoing issue in suicide prevention. Either emotional intelligence may play an important role to reduce suicidal thinking/ attempts or not is a big question. So this is an appropriate goal for future research. To evaluate the role of emotional intelligence in suicide. Various researches support the notion that emotional intelligence is able to reduce the suicidal thinking and attempts. This paper is theoretical base of subject and there is a predominance of western studies regarding the role of emotional intelligence in suicide. There is need to expand the vision about emotional intelligence, create awareness and effort to develop emotional intelligence in children during their childhood because it can be developed and better able to reduce negative thoughts of life including suicide even in the period of adverse condition .

Pages:133-135Aparna Singh (Department of Paediatrics, IMS, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi)

Pages:136-142
Debatree Mukherjee (Department of Psychology, Barrackpore Rastraguru Surendranath College, Barrackpore, Kolkata)
Saugata Basu (Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta University College of Science, Technology and Agriculture, Kolkata )

The present study, intending to determine contributory factors of happiness, undertakes following variables: attachment pattern, ego functions, emotional intelligence, inner-other directedness and meaning in life as intrinsic factors and number of stressful life events in last one year as extrinsic factor. The sample was clustered into four age groups: Group-I(21 -30)years, Group-II(31-40)years, Group-III(41-50)years, Group-IV(51-60)years, each group comprising 50 males and 50 females. Personal Information Schedule, Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, Relationship Scale Questionnaire, Ego Functions Assessment Scale Modified, Assessing Emotions Scale, Inner-Other Directedness Social Preference Scale, Presumptive Stressful Life Events Scale, Meaning in Life Questionnaire were administered. Results reveal no significant gender difference regarding happiness. Significant age differences have been found in happiness; and in fearful attachment pattern, judgment, sense of reality, drive control, object relations, thought process, defensive functioning, stimulus barrier, synthetic-integrative functioning of ego functions, presence of meaning in life, search for meaning in life. In group-I, Presence of meaning in life, emotional intelligence, secured attachment pattern; in group-II, presence of meaning in life, emotional intelligence, inner-other directedness, secured attachment pattern; in group-III, presence of meaning in life, secured attachment pattern, thought process, emotional intelligence; in group-IV presence of meaning in life, emotional intelligence, synthetic-integrative functioning, secured attachment pattern, inner-other directedness were found to be contributory to happiness.

Pages:136-142Debatree Mukherjee (Department of Psychology, Barrackpore Rastraguru Surendranath College, Barrackpore, Kolkata)Saugata Basu (Department of Psychology…

Pages:143-147
Tarundeep Kaur (Department of Psychology, GGDSD College, Chandigarh)

The study was designed with an aim to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence and life skills of college adolescents. It included examining the effect of EQ on five areas of adjustment i.e. home, health, social, emotional and educational. The sample included 200 adolescents, out of which 150 adolescents i.e. (boys -75, girls -75), who had high life skills scores (self-esteem, self-efficacy and well being) were selected, falling in the age group of 18-20 years. An important factor taken in consideration was the provision of counseling services available to the target population. Sevenfold Emotional intelligence scale, The Self-Esteem Rating Scale, The Self- Efficacy Scale, The Automatic Thought Questionnaire for well being and Adjustment Inventory for college students were used. Results revealed that where EQ has non significant effect on gender, Life skills (self efficacy, Self esteem and well being) has a significant effect. A significant difference among boys and girls on adjustment factors was also found. Where girls have significant effect of life skills and EQ on home adjustment, emotional adjustment and on educational adjustment than boys.

Pages:143-147Tarundeep Kaur (Department of Psychology, GGDSD College, Chandigarh)

Pages:148-152
Hena Khan and Nishat Afroz (Department of Psychology, BHU, Varanasi)
Jaya Chakaravarty (Department of Medicine, IMS, BHU, Varanasi)

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is a disease of human immune system in which the body's normal defense system breaks down. Cognitive emotion regulation (CER) can be understood as the cognitive way of managing the intake of emotionally arousing information. The regulation of emotions through cognitions is inextricably associated with human life and helps to manage emotions after the experience of stressful events. There is clearly a need for effective stress management programs for individuals with HIV/AIDS. Techniques involving relaxation are widely used by people to reduce anxiety and cope with stress-related problems. The present study aims to find out the cognitive emotion regulation among HIV positive patients and effect of relaxation on CER. The study has been conducted at ART centre, Department of Medicine, S. S. Hospital, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. A total sample of 40 HIV positive people in the age range of 21 to 55 years, has been taken for the study. Nadia Garnefski's cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire having 36 items and relaxation techniques were administered on the sample. Paired sample t-test used for statistical analysis. Results indicate that the patient's cognitive emotion regulation is affected by the relaxation exercise. The findings suggest that positive ways of coping and to handle being HIV-infected can be enhanced by relaxation therapy.

Pages:148-152Hena Khan and Nishat Afroz (Department of Psychology, BHU, Varanasi)Jaya Chakaravarty (Department of Medicine, IMS…

Pages:153-155
Kalyani Kenneth (School of Counselling, Rajiv Gandhi National Institute for Youth Development, Tamil Nadu )

Branden in 1969 briefly defined self-esteem as "…the experience of being competent to cope with the basic challenges of life and being worthy of happiness". Physical exercise is bodily activity that develops or maintains physical fitness and overall health. It is often practiced to strengthen muscles and the cardiovascular system, and to hone athletic skills. The researcher in the present research aims to make a comparative Study on Self-esteem of College Youth who exercise and who don't exercise. The sample size consisted of 100 respondents who are youths from various colleges. The sampling technique which is used in this study is non-probability sampling, specifically purposive sampling. The Self-esteem Inventory constructed by Karunanidhi et al. (1995) is used to collect the required information.The research design chosen for this study is a Cross-sectional Descriptive research design. The findings reveal that there exists significant difference in the level of self esteem among the youth who exercise and those who don't. College youth who exercise have a higher total self-esteem than those who don't exercise. College youth who exercise due to compulsion have a lower self-esteem than those who exercise due to personal choice.

Pages:153-155Kalyani Kenneth (School of Counselling, Rajiv Gandhi National Institute for Youth Development, Tamil Nadu )

Pages:156-158
Mandeep Sharma and Sandeep Kumar (Department of Psychology, M. D. University, Rohtak)
Hardeep Lal Joshi (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra)

In this competitive world, numbers of activities and pressures for adolescents have increased remarkably. These increased pressures and activities put adjustment problems among adolescents. Self-efficacy can be a potent factor to enhance adjustment among adolescents. The present study was aimed at to see group differences (high vs. low) of self-efficacy with adjustment among adolescents. The objectives of the study are to examine the relationship between measures of adjustment and self efficacy. The sample of the study involved 194 adolescents between the age range of 14 and 16 years. The adolescents were assessed with Bell's Adjustment Inventory (Hindi Adaptation), and Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. The data were analyzed by using Pearson's Product Moment method of correlation and t test. For mean comparisons, the sample of adolescents was classified into two extreme groups' i.e. high vs. low (Mean ± 1 S.D.) on the basis of their scores on self-efficacy and adjustment scores of their respective wards. The results showed that (i) Social adjustment, family adjustment and emotional adjustment was found to be significant negative association with self-efficacy. (ii). the two extreme groups of self-efficacy (high vs. low) showed significant differences on adjustment among adolescents.

Pages:156-158Mandeep Sharma and Sandeep Kumar (Department of Psychology, M. D. University, Rohtak)Hardeep Lal Joshi (Department…

Pages:159-161
S. Nomusankar (Department of Psychology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati)
P. V. Balaji Deekshitulu (Department of Psychology, Dravidian University, Kuppam)

To Assess the Yoga and Meditation impact of Stress among Industrial Employees. In this study we conducted on a sample of 120(Yoga=60 and Meditation=60) industrial employees of Chittor District, Andhra Pradesh. In order to realize the objective of the study, Two hypothesis were formulated. (1) There would be significant impact of Yoga on Stress among industrial employees with regard Pre test and Post test.(2)There would be significant impact of Meditation on Stress among industrial employees with regard Pre test and Post test. Occupational stress index developed by A.K.Srivatsava and A.P.Singh (1984) was Administered to the sample. There age range from 25 to 55 years. Data was analyzed using Means, SD'S and t values. Results show that Yoga and Mediation training reduce the stress among Industrial employees, and implications were drawn.

Pages:159-161S. Nomusankar (Department of Psychology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati)P. V. Balaji Deekshitulu (Department of Psychology…

Pages:162-167
Priyadarshini N. and Vijayalakshmi, V. (Department of Management Studies, IIT Madras, Chennai)

The paper aims to introduce the concept of Positive Organizational Behaviour (POB) and its inception. It deals with definition of the concept as propounded by its founders, the idea of psychological capital and the main constructs that are found in literature: Confidence, Hope, Optimism, Resilience, Subjective Well Being and Emotional Intelligence. The paper focuses on reviewing the pertinent literature and providing an overall picture of the situation of POB as it exists today. The paper also throws light on the interventions that are designed to develop psychological capital among employees. Various studies that have been conducted in countries of China, Pakistan, Turkey and India are also mentioned to understand the academic scenario of the field in various nationalities. It also gives a glimpse of the variables that have been associated with and researched in the area of POB so far. The paper concludes with the gaps that exist in the field and paves way for future research prospects. The overview of POB provided in this article will enhance the scope for both academicians and practitioners. It is hoped that academicians would benefit from this review through highlighting the gaps in the literature, thereby providing a direction for future research prospects. It is of practical value to the managers/practitioners as it sheds light on the impact that interventions have on performance.

Pages:162-167Priyadarshini N. and Vijayalakshmi, V. (Department of Management Studies, IIT Madras, Chennai)

Pages:168-172
Amra Ahsan and Maryyam Khan (Department of Psychology, AMU, Aligarh )
Roomana N. Siddiqui (Department of Psychology, AMU, Aligarh)

The English word “prayer” is generally understood as an act of addressing God with reverence, offering praise, giving thanks, affirming and confirming one's total dependence on God, and asking His grace, mercy, and help. In Islam, the closet equivalent to the word prayer is the Arabic word “Dua”, literally meaning to call upon, to invoke, and to supplicate. Prayer in Islam is both the essence and existence of life. The purpose of life is prayer and it has its therapeutic value. Healing is defined as the diagnosis of the cause of evil, which may be psychological and physical sickness. It also envisages the development of techniques for its cure. A scientific mind unclouded by preconceived notions is able to discern the validity and utility of a comprehensive approach to health, which includes spiritual healing. The present paper discusses the importance of prayer and how it can be a powerful healer in itself and can also form an adjunct to the healing power of medicines. The act of prayer in itself is meditative and if one goes into the depth of the process it somewhere is a relaxation technique that calms the mind and body.

Pages:168-172Amra Ahsan and Maryyam Khan (Department of Psychology, AMU, Aligarh )Roomana N. Siddiqui (Department of…

Pages:173-176
Dinesh Singh (Govt. College, Baund Kalan, Bhiwani, Haryana)
Anita Malik (Pt. N. R. S. Govt. College, Rohtak, Haryana)

The present study was designed to assess and compare the level of spirituality and happiness of males and females of different rural and urban areas of District Rohtak and explore the relationship the correlation between spirituality and happiness. A 2x2 factorial design was adopted for the present study. The study was conducted over a sample of 200 (100 males and 100 females) of the age group of 20-40 years. Out of them 100 subjects (50 males and 50 females) were selected from different rural areas and 100 subjects (50 males and 50 females) were selected from different urban areas on random basis. Structured Interview Schedule was used to assess the level of spirituality. Revised Oxford Happiness Scale was used to assess the level of happiness of the subjects. It was hypothesized that there will be a significant difference between rural and urban as well as male and female in the level of spirituality and happiness. It was also hypothesized that there will be a significant positive relationship between spirituality and happiness of the subjects. The obtained data was analysed by mean, SD, t-test and Pearson 'r'. No significant difference was found in level of spirituality as well as happiness due to differences of sex and residential background of the subjects. A significant moderate positive relationship was found between the level of spirituality and happiness of the subjects. On the basis of the finding of the study it may be concluded that spiritual and religious belief serve as source of attachment, security and confidence and motivate people to strive for their life goals and live happily.

Pages:173-176Dinesh Singh (Govt. College, Baund Kalan, Bhiwani, Haryana)Anita Malik (Pt. N. R. S. Govt. College…

Pages:177-181
Manmohan Singh (Department of Education, Govt. Middle School, Arjan Manga, Amritsar)
Agyajit Singh (Ex. Head, Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala)

The present study aims to find out the differences on emotional intelligence and social intelligence between male and female secondary school teachers. It was also the purpose to assess the significant differences on emotional intelligence of the secondary school teachers on the basis of three levels of social intelligence, i.e.; high, average and low. The sample of the study consisted of 400 secondary school teachers; out of which 200 were male teachers and 200 were female teachers. They were administered Mangal's Emotional Intelligence test and Chadha's test of Social Intelligence. The results show that (i) there exist no differences on emotional intelligence between male and female teachers; (ii) male and female teachers differ on some dimensions of social intelligence; where female teachers have been found to be more socially intelligence, (iii) there is a positive relationship between emotional intelligence and social intelligence; as there exist significant differences on all components of emotional intelligence between three groups of teachers with high, average and low social intelligence.

Pages:177-181Manmohan Singh (Department of Education, Govt. Middle School, Arjan Manga, Amritsar)Agyajit Singh (Ex. Head, Department…

Pages:182-183
Pragati Dixit and Mahmood S. Khan (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP)

Spirituality refers to an inner path that enables people to find out the reason of their existence and helps them in reaching and exploring challenges, seeking personal truth and developing the sense of unity of life. Quality of life is person's perception of his/her position in life in the context of society, culture and value system in which he/she lives and in relation to his/ her aims, expectations and concerns. Present study was undertaken to examine the relationship between spirituality and quality of life among adults. For that purpose Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale and WorldHealthOrganization QOL Instrument were used. The sample consisted of 60 adults with age range 35-45 years selected by means of purposive technique of sampling. Results indicated that spirituality have positive effect on quality of life.

Pages:182-183Pragati Dixit and Mahmood S. Khan (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP)

Pages:184-186
Shony Mathew P. J. (Department of Psychology, Cottolengo Seminary, N.Parur, Ernakulam, Kerala)
Vidhya Ravindranadan (Department of Psychology, Union Christian College, Ernakulam, Kerala)

The present study attempts to understand the impact of training on the social maturity of mentally challenged individuals. The sample for the study consists of 320 mentally challenged individuals. Among them 160 are trained and 160 are untrained. Both trained and untrained groups consist of equal number of males and females. The age group is 10-30 years. The tools employed for the study include Vineland social maturity scale or VSMS (4th Edition) and Personal data sheet. The analysis of data has been done using t-test. The results indicated that there exist significant mean difference between trained and untrained subjects under study, but there is no significant difference in social maturity of trained as well as untrained male and female mentally challenged people.

Pages:184-186Shony Mathew P. J. (Department of Psychology, Cottolengo Seminary, N.Parur, Ernakulam, Kerala)Vidhya Ravindranadan (Department of…

Pages:187-190
Yogesh Pahuja (HR Consultant and Trainer)

The aim of Positive Psychology is to study the best things in life that lead to well being, to positive individuals, and to flourishing community. Positive Psychology emphasis is on building structures, cultures, processes, leadership and other organizational conditions that foster positive dynamics in human communities. The field of “Positive Psychology” is still in its nascent stage. In its current level of understanding it is fitted into a three-tier framework. At the subjective level it is about positive experiences, at the individual level it is about the character strengths and at the group level it is about the civic virtues and the institutions that move individuals toward better citizenship. Luthans has drawn on the Positive Psychology movement to coin a new term called Positive Organizational Behaviour or simply POB and has defined the following elements that he believes can be used to improve organization's performance namely; Optimism, Hope, Happiness or Self Well Being (SWB), Resilience, Emotional Intelligence and Confidence/Self-Efficacy.

Pages:187-190Yogesh Pahuja (HR Consultant and Trainer)

Pages:191-193
Ravi Gunthey (Department of Psychology, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur )
H. Desai (Department of Psychology, Smt. K.K. Arts & Commerce College, Ankleshwar )

In present investigation an attempt is made to find out an effect of Indian music on Death Anxiety among institutionalized old age persons. It is reported by several researches that quality of life of old age person suffer from depression specially those who are living in old age homes. These persons frequently suffer from loss of individuality and diminish self-worth. Music therapy is used in variety of settings with different types of psychological problems especially those who suffer from depression, anxiety, loneliness, tension, stress etc. Music therapy has been used successfully for many years to rehabilitate programs for institutionalized elder persons. It was hypothesized that level of depression will be managed among institutionalized old age persons through Indian music. Present research is a quasi experimental, in which musical package is worked as Independent variable and perception of death anxiety is Dependent variable. Pre-Post design was used. 60 old age persons were randomly selected from old age homes of Jodhpur and Pali districts. Thakur Death Anxiety Scale (1984) is used and musical package which was prepared by Musical experts. Findings reveal that musical package has positive impact on the level of death anxiety of old age persons. Hence, the hypothesis is confirmed.

Pages:191-193Ravi Gunthey (Department of Psychology, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur )H. Desai (Department of Psychology…

Pages:194-196
Dalbir Singh Saini (District Social Welfare Officer, Hisar, Haryana)

Due to advancement in medical field and improvement in general living standards longevity of life has considerably increased in the country. As a results, number of senior citizen in the country is steadily rising. It is projected that population of old person will grow at a faster pace than the population of general. Because of migration from rural areas to urban areas and break up on joint family, family system, older person often get neglected. Thus there is a greater need to study the health, psycho-social problems of senior citizen and their remedies.

Pages:194-196Dalbir Singh Saini (District Social Welfare Officer, Hisar, Haryana)

Pages:198-199
Narendra Kumar (Department of Education, S.G.P.G. College, Sarurpurkhurd, Meerut )
Rajive Kumar (Department of Education, N.A.S. College, Meerut)

This study attempts to assess the self concept in reference of sex and locality of science and arts students of senior secondary Schools. A sample of 600 students was randomly selected from different senior secondary Schools recognized by CBSE and running in Meerut province. They were administered Self Concept Questionnaire developed by R. K. Saraswat which measures six dimensions of self concept. Results show that the male and female students were found to be differed significantly on self concept and its all dimensions. Further it was observed that better self concept than female students. Again urban students were found to have greater self concept on its dimensions except educational and moral than rural students. Again it was observed that science students developed better self concept than arts students.

Pages:198-199Narendra Kumar (Department of Education, S.G.P.G. College, Sarurpurkhurd, Meerut )Rajive Kumar (Department of Education, N.A.S…
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