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Pages:46-48
Diljot Soin (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

Elderly can sometimes face aging with little trepidation but some take it in a healthy challenging manner and engage themselves in regular exercise thereby improving their physical and mental well-being . The present research intends to study the effects ofregular exercise and yoga on the life satisfaction and quality oflife among elderly. In this regard, the study compared the individuals who do regular exercise consisting of walking, stretching exercises/yoga and the individuals who do not do regular exercise or yoga on their life satisfaction and quality of life. Chandigarh city was selected as a locale of the study from wherein a sample of 400 males (i.e., 200 with regular exercise and 200 without regular exercise) between the age ranges of 60-65 years was randomly selected from the residential sectors of similar socioeconomic profile . The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) by Diener, Emmons, Larsen and Griffin (1985) and The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)- BREF by World Health Organization (2004) were administered to assess the life satisfaction and quality oflife among elderly. The results indicated positive psychosocial and cognitive outcomes in terms of significantly positive life satisfaction and quality oflife among elderly who remained physically active with regular exercise and yoga as compared to those without regular exercise and yoga . The research points that seniors who incorporate regular exercise, walking, and yoga into their lifestyles not only improved physical function but experienced psychological benefits as well. The findings may inspire older people who are reluctant and forgo its potential health benefits to get up, get out and get moving on a regular basis.

Pages:46-48Diljot Soin (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

Pages:49-55
Harikesh Kumar Yadav and Pumima Awasthi (Department of Psychology, B.H.U., F.S.S., Varanasi)

Adolescence is truly the years of creativity, empathy, romanticism, and generous spirit of adventure but it is also considered as a period of storm and stress.The stress and anxiety associated with physical appearance, achievement , failure, and lack of confidence in social relationship likely to guide rumination and depression. T.he inability to find appropriate avenue, lack of information and social pressures further compound this trend. Studies indicate that the lifetime prevalence of depression in adolescents varies between 15 to 20 per cent, suggesting that depression frequently has its onset in adolescence. It is evident that adolescents do not suffer distress passively; they attempt to manage the demands placed on them through various coping styles. In particular, emotion-focused coping is more likely when causes of distress is unchangeable and the self is appraised as helpless and lacking in control. Emotion regulation is a central correlate of behavioural and emotional problems in adolescents. Rumination is characterized as an emotion regulation strategy that may take adolescents to the negative directions of the different aspects of their lfves. Ruminative thinking over one's life are risk factors because such thinking patterns interact with the stressors and increase the experience of depression in adolescence. Therefore, it is essential to determine how adolescents confront negative experiences to adaptively analyze them without engaging in ruminative thinking . Key prevention and intervention techniques that improve stress management skills and enable adolescents to deal effectively with challenges of everyday life are discussed. This may be also helpful to bring changes and modify the existing intervention programmes and formulate new ones to meet the specific needs of the adolescents.

Pages:49-55Harikesh Kumar Yadav and Pumima Awasthi (Department of Psychology, B.H.U., F.S.S., Varanasi)

Pages:56-61
O.P. Sharma and Rajshree Tewari (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur)

This paper aims to study main and interactive effects of type of Pranayama Anuloma Viloma and Kapalabhati on General Mental Health , Emotional Intelligence, Happiness and Optimism in Pranayama Practitioners i.e. sustainable personal well-being it was hypothesized that Type of Pranayama and Life Skills will have no significant main and interactive effect on General Mental Health , Emotional Intelligence, Happiness and Optimism in Pranayama Practitioners . A purposive sample of 200 Pranayama practitioners age range 25-55 with balanced number of males and females was selected. Psychological tests administered were Life Skills Questionnaire (Clements, 2005), General Mental Health Questionnaire (Goldberg et al., 1979), Emotional Intelligence Scale (Mayer, 1997), Happiness Scale (Passer & Smith, 2006) and Optimism Scale (Carver & Scheier, 1985). It was empirically proved that Pranayama had significant main effect on General Mental Health, Emotional Intelligence, Happiness and Optimism in Pranayama Practitioner s, practicing Anuloma-Viloma and Kapalabhati Pranayama. It was further ascertained that Life Skills had significant main effect on General Mental Health and Emotional Intelligence but not on Happiness and Optimism in Pranayama Practitioner s practicing Anuloma-Viloma and Kapalabhati Pranayama. It was also empirically proved that Pranayama and Life Skills had significant interactive effect on General Mental Health and Emotional Intelligence but not on Happiness and optimism in Pranayama Practitioner spracticing Anuloma-Vilom a and Kapalabhati Pranayama.

Pages:56-61O.P. Sharma and Rajshree Tewari (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur)

Pages:62-66
S. Gayatridevi and Preetha H. (Department of Psychology, Avinashilingam University for Women, Coimbatore)

Thirty-two subjects (23 Female and 9 male) from Devi Tea Estate, Pallada , Nilgiris were screened using Case Study Schedule (Natesan, 2005) and Stress Inventory (Hemalatha Natesan and Nandini Menon, 2004) in the age range of 17-50 years were selected by Purposive Sampling Method. Positive Therapy was used as the Psychological Intervention to help the sample to manage stress. The sample were divided into 3 batches of 10 to 11 in each batch and were given Positive Therapy for one hour per session. Five sessions were given for five consecutive days. Two weeks after the therapy, the sample was reassessed using Case Study Re-assessment Schedule and Stress Inventory. The results showed initially, the entire sample ( 100%) had 'High' stress. After Positive Therapy, most of them (81%) had 'Low' stress. There was statistically significant reduction in the mean stress of sample from 'High' to 'Low'. The main sources of stress were work and procrastination . The symptoms of stress reported by most of the sample were insomnia, loss of concentration and anxiety. The negative emotions experienced by majority of the sample were fear, worries, anger and anxiety. But after Positive Therapy, there was an enormous reduction in the number of subjects experiencing symptoms and negative emotions due to stress. Thus, there was a great influence of Positive Therapy in reducing the stress, symptoms and negative emotions of the selected Tea Estate Workers.

Pages:62-66S. Gayatridevi and Preetha H. (Department of Psychology, Avinashilingam University for Women, Coimbatore)

Pages:67-74
Malavika Desai (Rajiv Gandhi Indian Institute of Management Shillong, Meghalaya, India)
Bishakha Majumdar (Department of Applied Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata West Bengal, India)
Ganapathy P.Prabhu (Staffing Lead-EMEA Europe, Middle East, Africa)

Employee engagement is the level of commitment and involvement an employee has towards his organization and its values. An "engaged employee" is one who is fully involved in, and is enthusiastic about, his or her work, and thus will act in a way that furthers their organization's interests and fulfils its goals. Employee engagement has direct impact on the employee's productivity. Understandably, the most productive employees are those that are not only committed and loyal; but also but also those whose outputs are healthy and gratifying both for themselves as well as for the organization they work for. Obviously, these are the employees who can be called 'engaged''. In almost a bottom-up fashion, the organization as a whole benefits from employees that are committed, loyal, productive, and engaged. The paper aims at finding the employee engagement across manufacturing organizations and IT oranizations, and compares the underlying reasons indicating high or low employee engagement. Fifty middle level executives of a car manufacturing unit and fifty such employees of an IT firm, located in and around the city of Bengaluru, India, were sampled for the study. It was found that the degree of employee engagement was significantly high in the manufacturing organization as compared to that in IT firm. The main causes for a higher engagement in the manufacturing sector were found to be as the impression that the firm cares for and values the employees, free and frank communication with immediate supervisor, empathetic attitude of the latter towards the former, recognition of one's contributions towards the organizational goals, and freedom to participate in the decision making process .

Pages:67-74Malavika Desai (Rajiv Gandhi Indian Institute of Management Shillong, Meghalaya, India)Bishakha Majumdar (Department of Applied…

Pages:75-82
Kalpana Sahoo (Asian School of Business Management, Bhubaneswar, Orissa)

People in India have been experiencing significant changes in many sectors of their personal and social life. Yet the dichotomy of urban and rural setting exists in many pockets of Indian Union. The present study employs such a naturalistic setting where quasi-experimental groups of urban and rural participants are compared with respect to indicators of happiness. The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of positive living conditions experienced by urban participants. The study involved a factorial 2(setting: urban vs. rural) x 2(sex) design. The dependent measures of happiness included overall life satisfaction, satisfaction with general as well as specific areas of life functioning, positive affect experience, negative affect experience, perception of resourcefulness and goal accomplishment. All these variables were measured with the help of a standardized questionnaire: Life Orientation Scale (LOS). The analysis of group differences indicated that urban people revealed greater happiness not only in the area of overall life satisfaction but also in specific areas of happiness such as education, self, leisure, job and finance. However, rural participants reported a greater happiness only in the domains of social support and family. Urban participants also reported a greater degree of resourcefulness and goal accomplishment than did rural participants. The findings were explained in terms of the improved living conditions of contemporary urban setting. Major implications of the study were pointed out and directions for future research were outlined.

Pages:75-82Kalpana Sahoo (Asian School of Business Management, Bhubaneswar, Orissa)

Pages:83-87
Ashima Soni (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

Clinical psychology has focused primarily on the diagnosis and treatment of mental disease, and only recently has scientific attention turned to understanding and cultivating positive mental health. The Buddhist traditiQn, on the other hand, has focused for over 2,500 years on cultivating exceptional states of mental well-being as well as identifying and treating psychological problems. This theoretical paper attempts to draw on centuries of Buddhist experiential and theoretical inquiry as well as current western experimental research to highlight specific themes that are particularly relevant to exploring the nature of mental health. Specifically, the nature of mental well-being and attainment of well-being through the cultivation of four types of mental balance: conative, attentional, cognitive, and affective will be discussed.

Pages:83-87Ashima Soni (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

Pages:88-90
Anil Atmaram Patil (Vivekanand Arts, S.D. Commerce and Science College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra)

Assertiveness is a behavioral skill taught by many personal development experts and behavior therapists as well as cognitive behavior therapists in area of psychology. The attempt of this paper is to trace down the assertiveness among Hindu and Muslim college girls. For this purpose the stratified randomize sample was taken into consideration for the study consisting of 100 college going girls belonging to the age group of 17 to 23 years, out of which 50 belongs to Hindu community and 50 belongs to Muslim community as per objective. Assertive Inventory was administered individually to each subject . Significance of mean difference was tested by applying 't' test. Results indicated that Hindu and Muslim college girls did not make a significant difference on Assertiveness criteria.

Pages:88-90Anil Atmaram Patil (Vivekanand Arts, S.D. Commerce and Science College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra)

Pages:91-94
Brahmdeep Sindhu (General Hospital, Gurgaon)
Rajiv Gupta (Department of Psychiatry, PGIMS, Rohtak)
Swati Sindhu (Consultant Physician , Gurgaon)
Krishan Kumar (National Brain Research Centre, Manesar)
Devender Kumar (General Hospital, Gurgaon)

Mental health has two dimensionsabsence of mental illness and presence of a well-adjusted pei;sonality that contributes effectively to the life of the community.Ability to take responsibility for one's own actions, flexibility, high frustration tolerance , acceptance of uncertainty, involvement in activities of social interest, courage to take risks, serenity to accept the things which we cannot change, courage to change the things which we can change, the wisdom to know the difference between the above, acceptance of handicaps, tempered self-control , harmonious relationships to self, others, including Nature and God, are the essential features of mental health . Spirituality is an important aspect of mental health. St. Augustine prayed "O God, thou created us in thy image and our hearts will be restless until they find their rest in Thee."Though Sigmund Freud looked upon religion as an illusion and neurosis, Carl Jung considered the psyche as a carrier of truth, powerfully rooted in the unconscious mind. Religion is important, directly and indirectly, in the etiology, diagnosis, symptomatology, treatment and prognosis of psychiatric disturbances. Lack of spirituality can interfere with interpersonal relationships, which can contribute to the genesis of psychiatric disturbance. Psychiatric symptoms can have a religious content. For example, the loss of interest in religious activities is a common symptom of depression. Too much and distorted religious practices are common in schizophrenia. It is well recognized that some religious states and experiences are misdiagnosed as symptoms of psychi.atric illness. Visions and possession states are examples .The spiritual background of the patient will help in the diagnosis of psychiatric disturbance. They are important in the treatment of psychiatric disturbance because spiritual matters can be profitably incorporated in psychotherapy . Spirituality is important in the prognosis of psychiatric conditions.Inthe spiritual perspective, a differentiation must be made between cure and healing .Cure is the removal of symptoms.Healing is the healing of the whole person. Adversity often produces maturity. Hence in psychotherapy, the patient must be helped to accept the handicap and transform the handicap to a life of usefulness.

Pages:91-94Brahmdeep Sindhu (General Hospital, Gurgaon)Rajiv Gupta (Department of Psychiatry, PGIMS, Rohtak)Swati Sindhu (Consultant Physician…

Pages:95-97
Fahad Alshemeri (Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)

Behavior of adolescents is the most common type of conversation internationally. We describe adolescent's behaviour in negative terms. The present article focuses on behavior management of adolescents within the context of the family and school. Many of the behavioural traits that the adolescents display are confrontational, and disrespectful towards the teachers and to their own parents . The natural human response from the parents and teachers are expected to promote the positive behviour. Parents as well as the teachers should accept the challenge and express concerns in dealing the disruptive and ill-behaviour in classrooms and family. The present article offers new and creative insights in teaching, guidance and dealing with behavioural problems of adolescents. More specifically, in this article, the author discusses in brief problems during adolescence, and zone of proximal developmein. The importance and role of moral education curriculum planning and instruction in promoting positive behavior among adolescents have been emphasized. There can be no doubt that guidance to the teachers and parents is needed to promote positive behavior among adolescents. The goal of this article is to focus of the indepth understanding of moral values, among adolescents and to introduce character education programme inthe schools and to promote guidance and counseling activities.

Pages:95-97Fahad Alshemeri (Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)

Pages:98-99
Mridula Sharma and Sarika Garg (Department of Psychology, Meerut College, Meerut, U.P.)

Inthe present study the impact of emotional intelligence on well being among teachers, was investigated. The study consisted of 60 female teachers working in various higher secondary schools of Meerut and Bagpat District. The two group design was used where the emotional intelligence had two level s high Emotional Intelligence and low Emotional Intelligence. Emotional Intelligence scale for teachers by Mangal and Mangal and PGI Well Being Measure by Verma and Verma , were used . Mean and t-test were calculated for analyzing the data. The results revealed that emotional intelligence significantly affects the well being of teachers. Findings showed that teachers with high Emotional Intelligence scored better on well being as compared to teachers with low Emotional Intelligence .

Pages:98-99Mridula Sharma and Sarika Garg (Department of Psychology, Meerut College, Meerut, U.P.)

Pages:100-102
Nanika Singh (Reiki Grandmaster, Mohali, Punjab)

Reiki is an ancient miracle for modem times and is gaining considerable acclaim across the globe. The National Center for Complimentary& Alternative Medicine (NCCAM), 2007 categorizes Reiki as energy medicine which is based on the belief that disturbances in energy cause illness and by laying hands, the practitioner can restore the flow and balance of energy in the recipient. It involves systems that use subtle energy system in and around the body for medical purposes. Through modem experiments, doctors are considering the role Reiki plays in the functioning and strengthening of the immune system and in accelerating the healing process of terminally ill patients suffering from Anxiety, Chronic Pain, HIV/ATDS, Cancer, Multiple Sclerosis, Thyroid Goiter aiding in rendering powerful support to surgical patients. The present paper seeks to provide a comprehensive overview as to how Reiki Therapy is popularly being used as an alternative form of medicine complementing other therapies in hospices, nursing home, operating rooms and the like by medical practitioners , the world over including India attempting to provide reliefand healing touch to the potentially ill, carving a valuable place for itself in the New Millennium.

Pages:100-102Nanika Singh (Reiki Grandmaster, Mohali, Punjab)

Pages:103-107
Rabindra Kumar Pradhan and Papri Nath (Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, UT Kharagpur, West Bangal)

The purpose of the paper is to explore the relationship between positive emotions and creative potentials. Positive emotional experiences and expressions provide a broad and flexible thought pattern and enhance creative or adaptive thinking. Existing literature indicates that three positive cognitive state-like capacities (hope, optimistic explanatory style and situation-specific self-efficacy) play an important role in explaining the relationship between positive emotions and creative potentials. The inclusion of these three mentioned capacities in the proposed model will facilitate the understanding of intra-individual processes that occur when an individual attempts to solve practical life problems in creative manner during a positive emotional state. The theoretical and practical implications of the paper are discussed within the framework of positive psychology.

Pages:103-107Rabindra Kumar Pradhan and Papri Nath (Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, UT Kharagpur, West…

Pages:108-110
Preetha Menonand Nirmala (Department of Psychology, Avinashilingam Deemed University for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)

From Anbagam Old Age Home, Theni, Tamil Nadu, 49 inmates (20 male and 29 female) were screened using the Case Study Schedule, Patient Pain Questionnaire (Ferrel, 1994) and Insomnia Inventory (Jennifer, 2004) and were selected as the sample. The age range of the sample was 60-75 years. As psychological intervention, Positive Therapy (Natesan, 2004), a package combining the eastern techniques of Yoga and western techniques of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy was used

Pages:108-110Preetha Menonand Nirmala (Department of Psychology, Avinashilingam Deemed University for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)

Pages:111-113
Nandita Chaube (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh)
Abha Sharma (Department of Education, Vivekanand College of Education, Aligarh)

The present study aims at the relationship between social support and positive thinking in widows living in the shelter homes. The sample consiste of 30 widows living in the shelter homes in Varanasi region. The Oslo 3-item Social Support Scale obtained from Odd Steffen Dalgardand Positive Thinking Rating Scale Published by admin under self-help, were administered to all the subjects.

Pages:111-113Nandita Chaube (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh)Abha Sharma (Department of Education, Vivekanand College…

Pages:114-118
Madhurima Pradhan and Priyanka Shukla (Department of Psychology, Lucknow University, Lucknow)

The term Spirituality comes from word "Spiritus" which means "breath of life". Spirituality, a sense of self, is a synthesis of personal, self-expressed beliefs and activities of essence of being that balances and connects other dimensions and domains of human traits (Frey, Daaleman, & Peyton, 2005; Young & Koopsen, 2005). Spirituality is the way through which we find meaning, hope, comfort and inner peace in life.

Pages:114-118Madhurima Pradhan and Priyanka Shukla (Department of Psychology, Lucknow University, Lucknow)

Pages:119-124
Aradhana Shukla (Department of Psychology, Kumaun University, Almora)

This study was aimed to as certain the impact of yogic exercisers and employment status on everyday life in developmental perspective. It was contended that: Increase in age would cause more perception of ill health and more prone towards leisure activities. Regular Yogic exercisers would perceive their health more positive and engaged in leisure activities as compared to seldom yogic exercisers.

Pages:119-124Aradhana Shukla (Department of Psychology, Kumaun University, Almora)

Pages:125-127
K.N. Jayakumar and S. Kadhiravan (Department of Psychology, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu)

Today' sorganizations operate inanincreasingly uncertain and tumultuous global market economy. The employees make the difference between success and failure by their task and non-task behaviour. Apart from the; task roles, a strong interest has developed in the organizational literature surrounding the non task aspeets of employee performance. Research in this area refers to several related phenolmena including organizational citizen ship behaviour, contextual performance, prosocial organizational behaviour, and organizational spontaneity.

Pages:125-127K.N. Jayakumar and S. Kadhiravan (Department of Psychology, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu)

Pages:128-129
Shikha Agrawal and Smita Jaiswal (D.V. (P.G.) College, Orai, U.P.)

The concept of Anasakti (Non-attachment) as given in Srimadbhagavadgita reflects wisdom gleaned through thousands of years of Scholarly study of our developing culture. It signifies performance of duties for union with God. This concept having the virtue of religious, philosophical individual land social significance may serve as a theoretical base in the way of developing a stepwise model for self-enhancement and community development.

Pages:128-129Shikha Agrawal and Smita Jaiswal (D.V. (P.G.) College, Orai, U.P.)

Pages:168-169
Aitha Bhanu Prasad (Department of Management, CMJ University, Shillong, Meghalaya)

In the transition process, these countries have opened to Western business after more than fifty years following a policy of economic autarky. With a short time, the policy environments changed radically, creating new conditions for international investment. Many multinational enterprises have been attracted by new markets, cheap labor forces and supporting policies toward foreign direct investment (FDI) in transition economies.

Pages:168-169Aitha Bhanu Prasad (Department of Management, CMJ University, Shillong, Meghalaya)
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