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Pages:36-39
Ashima Soni (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

Positive psychology is the scientific study of positive experiences and positive individual traits, and the institutions that facilitate their development. It is the scientific study of positive experiences and positive individual traits, and the institutions that facilitate their development. Positive psychology has many distinguished ancestors and modern cousins. Since at least the time of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, the “good life” has been the subject of philosophical and religious inquiry.

Pages:36-39Ashima Soni (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

Pages:40-43
Teenu Nandal (Govt. College, Maham (Haryana))
Hardeep Lal Joshi (Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra (Haryana))

Adults and young adults underwent the phase of transition from dependency to independence with different attitudes towards life satisfaction, optimism and psychological distress in general. The present study was conducted with two objectives. First was to examine the relationship of life satisfaction, optimism, and psychological distress, second was to investigate the sex differences among all these variables. The sample of the study involved 200 post graduate students (100 males and 100 females) between the age ranges from 22 to 28 years. The subjects were assessed with Life Satisfaction Scale (Alam & Shrivastava), General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg) and Optimism Scale (Seligman). The data were analyzed by using Pearson's Product Moment method of correlation, t-test. The results revealed that (i) one of the measures of optimism (PMB) was found positively associated with psychological distress. (i) Male and female subjects differ significantly on psychological distress and on optimism (Permanent Bad).

Pages:40-43Teenu Nandal (Govt. College, Maham (Haryana))Hardeep Lal Joshi (Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra (Haryana))

Pages:44-46
Monika Sharma and S C Manchanda (Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi)

The yogic practices not only serve as prevention and cure of physical disorders but also result in mental peace and higher psychic and spiritual attainments. In the yogic psychophysiology of the pranic system, the body, mind and spirit work in an integrated manner. Expansion of consciousness takes place through the awakening of the charkas. The outcomes of Yoga and meditation in various studies have shown beneficial effects in desirable psychosocial outcomes, clinical outcomes, neuropsychological and health care utilization.

Pages:44-46Monika Sharma and S C Manchanda (Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi)

Pages:47-49
Mamta Chaturvedi (Scientist-E (DRDO), Selection Centre Central, Bhopal)

The stereotype of women being more 'emotional' sex survives to this day. The present study was conducted to empirically validate this affirmation. Two hundred thirty eight engineering graduates (males=110, females=128)in the age range of 21-25 years formed the sample of the study. The gender differences on various dimensions of Emotional Intelligence were explored with the help of a self-report measure of Emotional Intelligence that included (a) self -awareness (b) empathy (c) self-motivation (d) emotional stability (e) managing relations (f) integrity (g) self-development (h) value orientation (i) commitment and (j) altruistic behavior. The data was analyzed using independent sample't' test. Results of the study indicate a significantly higher score of female students on selfawareness, self-motivation, managing relations, integrity and overall emotional intelligence in comparison to the male students. The difference on other dimensions of Emotional Intelligence was statistically insignificant.

Pages:47-49Mamta Chaturvedi (Scientist-E (DRDO), Selection Centre Central, Bhopal)

Pages:50-54
Shiney Chib (Datta Meghe Institute of Management Studies, Nagpur, Maharashtra)

Positive psychology, a new branch of psychology which focuses on the empirical study of such things as positive emotions, strengths-based character, and healthy institutions. Positive psychology has three central concerns: positive emotions, positive individual traits, and positive institutions. Understanding positive emotions entails the study of contentment with the past, happiness in the present, and hope for the future. Understanding positive individual traits consists of the study of the strengths and virtues, such as the capacity for love and work, courage, compassion, resilience, creativity, curiosity, integrity, self-knowledge, moderation, self-control, and wisdom. Understanding positive institutions entails the study of the strengths that foster better communities, such as justice, responsibility, civility, parenting, nurturance, work ethic, leadership, teamwork, purpose, and tolerance. Emotional intelligence (EI) represents an ability to validly reason with emotions and to use emotions to enhance thought. It includes the abilities to accurately perceive emotions, to access and generate emotions so as to assist thought, to understand emotions and emotional knowledge, and to reflectively regulate emotions so as to promote emotional and intellectual growth. When it comes to leadership, EI is incredibly important, making the difference between effective and mediocre leadership. This paper throws light to the concept of emotional intelligence as a positive psychology tool for effective leadership.

Pages:50-54Shiney Chib (Datta Meghe Institute of Management Studies, Nagpur, Maharashtra)

Pages:55-58
Sunil Kumar and Vinod Shanwal (Department of Psychology, Gautam Buddha University, Noida, India)

Everybody presume to live a happy life and wants to work in a healthy environment. When we think about workplace a number of negative thoughts comes in mind. Workplace is generally considered to be a place of stress, burden, conflict, challenges, struggle, and politics and so on. Can we imagine of a work place free from tensions and mental pressures? Now, the scenario has been changing rapidly and possibilities of such an environment are high with the magical effect of Positive Psychology. Present paper has attempted to answer these questions. It has also tried to find out the positive strengths, which can be utilized in increasing positivity at workplace. A positive perspective and approach is largely recognized as making valuable contributions for today's organizations. This study has further emphasized on positive psychological capacities of employees, which they have on their performance.

Pages:55-58Sunil Kumar and Vinod Shanwal (Department of Psychology, Gautam Buddha University, Noida, India)

Pages:59-62
Taruna and Sandeep Singh (Department of Applied Psychology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar)
Sukhdas (Department of CMT, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar)

Mindfulness facilitates “wise mind” states, in which the individual is able to find a synthesis between emotional experience and logical thought (Feigenbaum, 2006). It primarily aims to teach people to approach the stressful situations “mindfully” so that they may respond to the situation wisely instead of reacting to it automatically. It is a core psychological process that can alter how we respond to the unavoidable difficulties in the life not only to everyday existential challenges , but also to severe psychological problems such as suicidal ideation (Linehan 1993a), chronic depression (Segal, Williams, & Teasdale, 2002) and psychotic delusions (Bach & Hayes, 2002). As a focused psychological strategy or skill, Mindfulness is gaining clinical credence for many psychological disorders (Baer, 2003). Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction has demonstrated positive effects for a number of physical and mental health problems including cancer, chronic pain, fibromyalgia, depression, anxiety and disordered eating (Baer, 2003; Grossman et al., 2004). The present paper provides an understanding of the concept as well as throws light on the research into the neurological and behavioral benefits of mindfulness skill training.

Pages:59-62Taruna and Sandeep Singh (Department of Applied Psychology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology…

Pages:63-65
Osakinle, E.O. (University of Ado-Ekiti,Ekiti State, Nigeria)

The study investigated premarital sex and healthy sexual relationship among students of University of Ado- Ekiti, Nigeria. The sample consisted of 360 male and female students. Multistage and simple random sampling was used to select the sample from six faculties in the university. The data collected were analyzed using frequency counts, percentage scores and t-test inferential statistics. Three general questions were raised and two hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The instrument for the study was titled: Premarital sex and healthy sexual relationship among students (PSAHSRAS). It had a reliability coefficient of 0.68 and its validity was found to be 0.71. The study revealed that students had premarital sex and that majority of them used contraceptives. It was thus recommended that those who use condom should be encouraged to continue so as to free themselves from life long problems.

Pages:63-65Osakinle, E.O. (University of Ado-Ekiti,Ekiti State, Nigeria)

Pages:66-69
H L Kaila (Department of Psychology S.N.D.T. Womens University, Mumbai)

This article is a part of an on-going national action research survey of behavior based safety (BBS) in India including 1750 executives and 713 workers in 57 multi-national organizations based on an in- depth group interviews and a structured questionnaire using open-ended questions. This paper includes a number of original case studies and field observations selected during BBS training interventions in a period of twelve years between 1997 and 2009 across Indian organizations (such as petroleum, steel, cement, power, chemical etc.) which shall be highly useful in application of the concept and process of BBS for human resource / safety professionals and everyone who is concerned about correcting unsafe behaviors for reduction of accidents and promoting safe behaviors for developing injury-free culture in their organizations.

Pages:66-69H L Kaila (Department of Psychology S.N.D.T. Womens University, Mumbai)

Pages:70-76
Abanti Bhattacharya and Tilottama Mukherjee (Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata)

This comparative study examines the cognitive style, subjective well being spirituality and Emotional Intelligence among Institutionalised and Non-institutionalised elderly, and assesses whether there is any difference between Institutionalised and non-institutionalised widows with respect to the above mentioned variables. It also assesses whether there is any difference between Institutionalised and Non-Institutionalised widowers with respect to the aforesaid variables. Data were taken for Institutionalised elderly from 26 widows and 8 widowers, data were taken for Non-Institutions elderly from 30 widows and 9 widowers. Cognitive style test, Subjective Well-being Inventory (SUBI), Cognitive Behaviour Spirituality Scale (CBSS) and Wong and Low Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) were administered on these samples and comparison was drawn among these groups. Statistics in the form of Mean, Standard Deviation and unequal independent “t” test were conducted.

Pages:70-76Abanti Bhattacharya and Tilottama Mukherjee (Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata)

Pages:1-6
Chase V. Grosse and Jonathan S. Gore (Estern Kentucky University, Richmond, KY)

Research has provided in sight in to the relationships between exercise and psychological well-being but here are concerns with previous method ologies including sample size sand variable definitions (Perham & Accordino, 2007; Paluska & Schwenk, 2000). To test the hypotheses that an increase in exercise predicts an increase in well-being and that this relationship exists while taking into account exercise addiction, under graduates completed a survey describing their exercise habits and psychological well-being at two time points (N=160; time1, N= 124; time 2). The results revealed that exercise is associated with psychological well-being even while controlling for exercise addiction, and that increases in exercise predicted decreased anxiety over ashort time period. Implication soft he study and possibilities for future research are discussed.

Pages:1-6Chase V. Grosse and Jonathan S. Gore (Estern Kentucky University, Richmond, KY)

Pages:7-10
V. Hari Lakshmi (Department of Psychology & Parapsychology, Andhra University , Visakhapatnam)

Mindfulness is considered to be an attribute of consciousness and an effective mind technique to reduce stress, in this empirical study, college student’s academic stress was assessed with the student’s academic stress scale (SASS).

Pages:7-10V. Hari Lakshmi (Department of Psychology & Parapsychology, Andhra University , Visakhapatnam)

Pages:11-16
Parwinder Singh (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University Patiala)
Ravinder Yadav (Medical Social Worker, Chandigarh)

AIDS brings suffering. Resulting multiple, severe, and unrelenting stressors may profoundly affect the individual's Quality of life and Subjective well being . Some positive psychologiCal dimensions needs to be explored that if incorporated into those patients' life style,can prepare them to fight with their disease. Keeping this goal in mind, the present study was designed to explore the effect of meaningfulness among HIV positive patients on their subjective well being and depression. It was hypothesized that individuals high on meaningfulness would be higher on subjective well being and lower on depression as compared to individuals low on the same.For this purpose, 80 HIV positive patients , with mean age of 37.14 years were selected randomly from an ART center based in chandigarh . Meaning in Life Questionnaire , The subjective Well Being Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory-II were administered and data was analyzed with the help of ANOVAs & coefficients of correlations . Result shows that patients with high meaningfulness in life tend to experience significantly higher subjective well being and less negative emotional state, i.e., depression as compared to those with low meaningfulness in life. Results were then discussed in the light of previous literature and implications for further studies were made.

Pages:11-16Parwinder Singh (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University Patiala)Ravinder Yadav (Medical Social Worker, Chandigarh)

Pages:17-20
Lokesh Gupta and Rajbir Singh (Department of Psychology, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana)

Resilience is the positive capacity of people to cope With stress, the ability to bounce back to homeostasis after a disruption. It is an •adaptive system that uses exposure to stress to provide resistance to future negative events. Resilience, thus, corresponds to cumulative "protective factors". American Psychological Assosiation (APA) suggests that maintaining good relationships with close family members , friends and others is the way to build resilience. In the current study, type of family at the time of childhood (0-10 years) is taken as a predictor to develop resilience in a person. The sample of 176 males was divided into two different groups, namely, young adults (Age 21-30years) and middle age adult (3 l-40years). These two groups were further divided into three subgroups on the bases of types of family: Joint-Joint (J-J), Joint-Nuclear (J-N) and Nuclear-Nuclear (N-N). Resilience Scale by Wagnild and Young (1993) was used to measure resilience . The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between type of family and resilience building in a person. The study, however, also attempts to verify the moderating role of resilience in the relationship between family background and well-being. Joint family system prvides inbuilt mechanism of social support of both ways, i.e., giving and seeking besides was buffers the stress etc. The obtained data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance and it was found that middle age adult Joint-Nuclear family had better resilience. At the Young Adult age level a person with an experience of joint family and now he living in nuclear family or single showed lesser score on resilience in comparison to all other subgroups.

Pages:17-20Lokesh Gupta and Rajbir Singh (Department of Psychology, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana)

Pages:21-24
L. R. Yagnik (Department of Psychology, Saurastra University, Saurastra, Gujrat)

Over the past two decades there has been an increasing belief that the experience of stress has undesirable consequences for health. It has become a common assumption, if not a 'cultural truism' (LeventhalaJ) d Tomarken, 1987). One cannot avoid stress in the modem society. But there are so many strategies to cope with stress. Understanding stress and adapting the coping strategies will be beneficial to the individuals as well as the organizations. In this regard the present study made its effort to see the effectiveness of stress management technique on reducing stress and to get optimum cardiac movement. The sample comprised of 30 employees from Ankleshwar district Gujarat. On the basis of stress questioner only those sample was taken whose stress level was found to be higher. Occupational stress (Scale) test by Srivastava was used to measure stress level of employees and cardiac movement was measured by using E.C.G. record. pre and post single group design was employed to reach out the objectives. Obtained data was analyzed by employed t test. Result revealed that Stress management, teoique is effective intervention to reduce stress as well as to get optimum autonomic response i.e. cardiac movement in employees' population

Pages:21-24L. R. Yagnik (Department of Psychology, Saurastra University, Saurastra, Gujrat)

Pages:25-27
O.P Sharma and Rajshree Tewari (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)
Anushree Mathur (Bhartiya Vidya Bhavans Vidyashram, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Life is never easy for any of us, more so if we happen to be women, women of the modern era. With the changing lifestyles and work that goes beyond the boundaries of home, there are quite a few roles to play. Work pressure, social demands, learnt personal idea of an' ideal wife or mother' makes our life all the more stressful. But some of these executives continue to give their best performance despite being under severe stress while others shatter down very easily and quickly. It is believed that Positive Psychological Capital (PPC) provides the people the leverage to perform well in life whether it is in personal, professional or social life. The concept of PPC in OB has its recent origin and very developing branch of positive psychology. The concept of PPC was developed by Luthans et al. (2.f,)02). Some of the major components of PPC include resiliency, self-efficiency, optimism and hope. But factors such as Percieved Home Environment , EQ and SQ may also be added as components of PPC .This research was designed to investigate the effects of some of the recently conceived components of PPC on different measures of Subjective Well-Being (SWB) in a sample of executive women. The significance of PPC is emphasized in the maintenance and development of SWB.

Pages:25-27O.P Sharma and Rajshree Tewari (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)Anushree Mathur (Bhartiya…

Pages:28-33
Suruchi Bhatia (Department of Psychology, SP Mukherjee College Delhi University, Delhi)
Gopa Bhardwaj (Department of Psychology Delhi University, Delhi)

This is a concise effort to depict gender socialization of women folk. This work is an unbiased understanding of underlying characteristics of empowerment, scientifically gathered and without any feminist nuances. Social status of women has had its crests and falls all along Indian history. The focus of this study is on the analysis of the environment, socialization, and decision making processes of seven iconic personalities in the Indian national scenario. These individuals have been selected on the basis of empowering behavior exhibited by them. They are: Kiran Bedi , Bachendri Pal,Indira Gandi , Ela R. Bhatt,Sonal Mansingh, Sai Paranjpye, and Kalpana Lajmi.Although they all came from different socio-economic backgrounds they had a striking similarity in forming their ideologies as per their aspirations and asserting their independent nature irrespective of varied circumstance s Their focus was clear and line of action concrete. The success they acquired can partially be attributed to their internal locus of contrpl. With their power of communication , personal involvement , problem solving particularity at work, systematic working, transparency, personal accountability, constant internal audit, social audit of performance and review, they were able to cross the hurdles oflife and reach their goals. It is found here that family support is required only until a certain stage of development after which the individual needs to be self reliant. However a support from organizational set up can also act as a facilitator. Not only were their families supportive, but also their irrepressible spirit turned all stumbling blocks into stepping stones. They had aspirations and developed mastery by their work experience and competence .They were daring and were able to establish their own norms.

Pages:28-33Suruchi Bhatia (Department of Psychology, SP Mukherjee College Delhi University, Delhi)Gopa Bhardwaj (Department of Psychology…

Pages:34-38
Teenu Nanda (Govt. College, Maham, Haryana)
Hardeep Lal Joshi (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra)

The present study was conducted with two objectives. First was to examine the relationship of subjective wellbeing, optimism, and psychological distress, second was to investigate the sex differences among all these variables. The sample of the study involved 200 participant s (J OO male and 100 female) between the age ranges from 22 to 28 years. The subjects were assessed with General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg, 1970), Optimism Scale (Seligman, 1991) and Subjective Wellbeing Inventory (Sell & Nagpal,1992). The data were analyzed by using Pearson's Product Moment method of correlation and t-test. The results revealed that (i) subjective wellbeing was found to be negatively associated with psychological distress, (ii) subjective wellbeing was found to be positi vely associated with optimism, (iii) one of the measures of optimism (PMB) was found positively associated with psychological distress. (vi) male and female subjects differ significantly on psychological distress, subjective wellbeing (Primary group concern, Perceived ill health ,Deficiency in social contacts, General wellbeing- negative affect), and on optimism (Permanent Bad, Hope Good).

Pages:34-38Teenu Nanda (Govt. College, Maham, Haryana)Hardeep Lal Joshi (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra)

Pages:39-42
Fouzia Alsabah Shaikh and Anjali Ghosh (Psychology Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata)

Perceived life meaningfulness is an important existential concept known for enhancing long term recovery from substance abuse. The present study is an attempt to further develop and validate the Perceived Life, eaningfulness Scale for substance users in recovery phase. The questionnaire was developed initially by Shaikh and Ghosh in 2010 on account of no empirical measure of meaning in life for substance users. Apart from giving brief overview of the original scale construction, the present study describes the validation of the reduced 15 item version . For the present study, 150 substance users from four different rehabilitation centers in and around Kolkata region were approached . Principal component analysis was done to validate the factor structure. Cronbach's alpha of the total scale score along with the sub scale scores demonstrated that the instrument was a reliable measure of life meaningfulness . The present study gives a better conceptual understanding of life meaningfulness in context of substance use.

Pages:39-42Fouzia Alsabah Shaikh and Anjali Ghosh (Psychology Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata)

Pages:43-45
Ritupama Basak and Anjali Ghosh (Psychology Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata)

In the present scenario teachers play crucial roles to help schools adjust with the rapid pace of changes in the society. Fulfillment of these crucial roles depends on how the teacher perfectly does it. This perfection is influenced by the nature of the teachers' characteristic features i.e. their personality traits . It is also important for teachers to have sufficient amount of belief within oneself that work can be carried out efficiently i.e. to be self-';;fficacious. The purpose of this study is to explore the patterns ofrelationship between personality traits and self-efficacy in different groups of school teachers selected from different schools of Kolkata. Data were obtained from the school teachers of Kolkata. Teacher Self-efficacy Scale and NEO five factor questionnaire have been used in this study. Findings revealed that neuroticism is negatively and significantly correlated with self-efficacy whereas extraversion, conscientiousness and agreeableness are positively and significantly correlated with self-efficacy. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that self-efficacy can be significantly predicted by concentiousness . This study highlighted that teachers with higher self efficacy are often characterized as having more positive personality traits like extraversion and agreeableness and lesser negative traits like neuroticism .

Pages:43-45Ritupama Basak and Anjali Ghosh (Psychology Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata)
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