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Pages: 450-453
Suhail Ahmad Bhat and Shawkat Ahmad Shah (Department of Psychology, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir )

Due to the growing body of research, the concept of religion-health connection has gained grip during the last decade. The impact of religious indicators is found to be associated with social, behavioral, clinical, economic and other aspects of human behavior. In line with this, the present study deals with association of religious orientation with mental health. For this purpose a random sample of 217 family members of disappeared persons belonging to Kashmir were selected. Age-Universal Religious Orientation Scale and Mental Health Inventory were used to collect data from the sample. The results were obtained by using Pearson's Product Moment of Correlation. The results revealed that intrinsic Religious Orientation is negatively related with mental health in contrast to extrinsic religious orientation.

Pages: 450-453Suhail Ahmad Bhat and Shawkat Ahmad Shah (Department of Psychology, University of Kashmir, Jammu…

Pages: 447-449
Kuhu and Purnima Awasthi (Department of Psychology, F. S. S. B. H. U, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh)

Informal caregivers are the family members and friends who provide help and support daily to individuals who are temporarily or permanently unable to function independently. They have to engage in a range of activities. They have a long term commitment to the persons they are helping and are usually not paid for their efforts. In certain Asian cultures, there is a peculiar concept that seems to be playing a great role in aiding people to adhere to their responsibility and derive satisfaction from their role of caregiving. This is known as filial piety. It consists of multiple behavioural norms associated with care and support for parents, maintaining family continuity, harmonising family relations, serving community elders and worshipping the ancestors. This belief of filial obligation is often translated into practice to mean that children should ensure that their parents are well cared for in old age. This includes attending to them when they are ill, paying attention to parents' wishes, obeying their preferences, behaving in a way that makes them happy and also bring them honour and respect in the community. Against this background the purpose of the present study is to review the literature on the role of filial piety in informal caregiving. Literature suggests that the role of filial piety in caregiving is both positive and negative, as some caregivers derive satisfaction and high self esteem from caregiving because of high filial piety while some caregivers experience burden if this obligation is fulfilled just for the sake of face saving. Thus the present review paper aims to throw light on how filial piety effects not only the caregiving arrangements but also the caregiving experiences of informal caregivers in terms of various psychological variables.

Pages: 447-449Kuhu and Purnima Awasthi (Department of Psychology, F. S. S. B. H. U, Varanasi…

Pages: 443-446
Priyanka Sharma and Mukta Singhvi (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan )

The objective of this study was to assess the hope in the lives of HIV-positive women, using the Herth Hope Scale (HHS). For this purpose 60 HIV positive women were selected from ART centre , SMS medical college, Jaipur (Rajasthan).HHS scale administered to all subject. Score were analysed by mean score and revealed that these women have little hope in life in view of their diagnosis of HIV. The scale item with the highest score was faith. This probably derives from the fact that Aids is incurable, transmissible and generates negative stigma, in addition to its relation with the idea of imminent death. In conclusion, measuring hope among HIV patients through the use of an instrument permits intervention assessment and planning, promoting assistance and motivation to live better and maintain a hopeful attitude.

Pages: 443-446Priyanka Sharma and Mukta Singhvi (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan )

Pages: 439-442
Jaishree Jain (Department of Psychology, SMS Medical College Jaipur, Rajasthan)

The present study investigates the effect of Mindfulness practice on behavioral problems in adults. For this purpose , model adjusts for the correlation between repeated observations on the same participants before and after mindfulness and allow for the inclusion of the participants with the missing data. Pair vise data will be referred to as "mindfulness effect". Pre-test and Post-test Mean, Standard deviation, Standard error, coefficient of correlation and t-test will be computedon measures of behavioral problems. Adult Self Report (ASR), a behavioral check list developed by Achenbach and Rescorla (2003) was used to assess behavioral problems in the sample n=50, age range (20 to 50 years). Results indicated significant difference in pre and post measures. Further, after Mindfulness behavioral problems were found to be significantly low on measures by the ASR such as Anxious-depressed, withdrawn, somatic complaints, thought problems, attention problems, aggressive behavior, rule breaking behavior, intrusive, internalizing, externalizing and total problems. The findings of this study indicate the role of Mindfulness in nurturing a resilient factor against emotional and behavioral problems.

Pages: 439-442Jaishree Jain (Department of Psychology, SMS Medical College Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Pages: 435-438
Seema G. B. and Venkatesh Kumar G. (Department of Studies in Psychology, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore)

The present study is aimed to investigate the relationship and gender differences between self-esteem and social anxiety in adolescent students. The sample consists of 200 adolescent students (100 males, 100 females) in the age range of 16 to 18 years, taken from various colleges in Bangalore City. Rosenberg Self-esteem scale (Rosenberg, 1965) and Social Phobia inventory (Conner et al., 2000) were applied to access self-esteem and social anxiety of participants. Statistical analysis was done through SPSS, Pearson product-moment correlation co-efficient and independent sample t-test was applied for evaluation of results. Results indicates that self-esteem is negatively correlated with social anxiety in adolescent students. The findings of result also showed the self-esteem scores of the male adolescents is not higher or lower than that of the female adolescents.

Pages: 435-438Seema G. B. and Venkatesh Kumar G. (Department of Studies in Psychology, University of…

Pages: 429-434
Sanhitta J. Karmalkar (Department of Psychology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra)
Alpana Vaidya (Department of Psychology, Symbiosis College of Arts and Commerce, Pune, Maharashtra)

Present study attempts to explore the effects of Classical Yoga Intervention (CYI) on the resilience of college students who migrate to cities from rural areas for the sake of education. Students in the study belonged to the age group of 16-18 years and were in their first year in the new city, Pune. They were pre-tested on the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) (2003). Experimental and control group were equivalent on resilience before the intervention. Classical Yoga Intervention consisting of 40 sessions of Yoga was conducted on the experimental group. After 40 sessions, post testing was done. Differences in gain scores of experimental and control group on resilience were tested using independent 't' test. Results revealed that experimental group was significantly higher than the control group on factor 1 (t = -2.99, p= .00, factor 2 (t = -2.09, p = .04), factor 4 (t= -2.43, p = .02) and total score of resilience (t= -3.14, p = .00). Results showed that CYI has been helpful in enhancing students' resilience.

Pages: 429-434Sanhitta J. Karmalkar (Department of Psychology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra)Alpana Vaidya (Department…

Pages: 425-428
Jakkaraddi Arati (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Rural Home Science, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad)
Yadav V. S. (Department of Agricultural, Extension Education, College of Agriculture, Dharwad)
Khadi P. B. (Department of Human Development Rural Home Science College, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad)

The study aims to investigate the relationship between emotional health dimensions and demographic characteristics of parents like parent's occupation, type of family, schooling, and type of stay (with parents/hostel). The sample comprised of 951 emerging adults in the age range of 16 to 22 years. An ex-post-facto exploratory research design was used in the study. The place of the study was Department of Human Development and Family Studies, college of Rural Home Science, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India, between 2009 to 2011. Instruments used were: The Emotional Health Scale (EHS) by Angadi (2011) (1) and general information form was used for collecting data. The data was subjected to correlation analysis. The results revealed that there was a significant negative relationship between mother's occupation and overall emotional health of male emerging adults. Also there was a significant negative relationship between schooling, mother's occupation and stay of female emerging adults and overall emotional health. Mother's occupation has a definite and significant influence on emerging adult's emotional health. There is a felt need of balancing work-life quality time for positive outcome of emerging adult's emotional health.

Pages: 425-428Jakkaraddi Arati (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Rural Home Science…

Pages: 420-424
Razia Saleem (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

The aim of the present study is to examine the relationship of Spirituality with Quality of Life (QOL) and Psychological Well being among religious and non religious persons. The religious and non religious persons chosen on the bases of their maximum indulgence in religious practices and those who are not indulge in religious practices but they follow the same religion. Spirituality scale (Husain et al., 2011) quality of life scale (WHOQOL GRP, 1995) psychological well being scale (Nishizawa, 1996) was administer to measure spirituality, quality of life and psychological well being of respondents. Spirituality scale has two dimensions namely sense of purpose and maintenance of discipline and QOL has four domain namely physical health, psychological, social relationships, environment. For analysis of the data correlation method and t` test was used. The result of the study indicate strong relationship of spirituality with QOL and its three domain and quality of life among religious persons as well as non religious persons except domain environment of quality of life which is negatively related. The result of 't test also indicate that religious and non religious persons are differ significantly with each other on spirituality and its dimensions, QOL and its three domain also differ significantly except domain four but on psychological well being no significant difference were found.

Pages: 420-424Razia Saleem (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

Pages: 415-419
Surjeet Singh and Nov Rattan Sharma (Department of Psychology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana)

Mindfulness is a state of present- time awareness; which can be experienced and quite helpful to fabricate the sense of well-being and can decrease cognitive and behavioral error in our daily lives. Cognitive failures or errors are clearly a part of everyday life and can be observed in our behavior. These errors include distractions, blunders, memory lapses, and oversights, perceptual and attentional error. Hence it is expected that mindfulness would be negatively associate with cognitive failure and enhance our sense of health and well-being in a better way. The present study is planned to examine the nature of the relationship between Mindfulness and cognitive failure. Present study includes a sample of 80 young adults of both gender (Male=40; Female= 40). Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS; Brown & Ryan, 2003) and Cognitive Failure Questionnaire (CFQ; Broadbent, Cooper, FitzGerald, & Parkes, 1982) were administered to fulfillment the purpose of the present study. The results of the present study revealed that mindfulness is negatively associated with cognitive failures view aroused state of active cognitive processes. The current study found a significant negative correlation between mindfulness and cognitive failures. In other words, the person who is more mindful were made overall the fewer cognitive errors. The practice of mindfulness increased information processing speed, cognitive flexibility, attentional functioning.

Pages: 415-419Surjeet Singh and Nov Rattan Sharma (Department of Psychology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana)

Pages: 411-414
Farjam Mansori (M.A. Student of Organizational and Industrial Psychology Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, ‎Arsanjan, Iran)
Seyed Ahmad Mirjafari and Aminallah Fazel (Department of Psychology Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, ‎Arsanjan, Iran)

This study to explain the impact of job self-efficacy on job performance with the mediating role of resilience. This study was a descriptive and correlation and 219 school teachers in the area1 of Shiraz with available sampling. Data collected were collected a questionnaire with using Paterson's job performance, Connor and Davidson's resiliency and Schwarzer and Jerusalm's job self-efficacy. The data were analyzed correlation, regression and path analysis using hierarchical regression by using statistical software SPSS22. In this study, were segregated and were compared the impact of job self-efficacy on job performance with the mediating role of resilience for men and women. The results showed that the prediction model of the entire sample and both men and women differ from each other. Thus the male pattern perfectly matches the total sample, but it should be noted that in men than in the total sample, a mediator variable (resiliency) plays a mediating role stronger. However, in women it is not clear that considerable resilience mediating role in impacting job self-efficacy on job performance.

Pages: 411-414Farjam Mansori (M.A. Student of Organizational and Industrial Psychology Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University…

Pages: 407-410
Shraddha Sharma (Post Doctoral Fellow, Department of Psychology, SNDT, Mumbai, Maharashtra )
Ira Das (Department of Psychology, Dayalbagh Educational Institute Dayalbagh, Agra, Uttar Pradesh)

The study aims to examine the contribution of anger, gratitude and well-being in predicting forgiveness. A sample of 70 subjects (38 male & 32 female) who were in the age range of 32-40 years. Heartland Forgiveness Scale (2005); Know Yourself Scale (2015); Gratitude Questionnaire-Six Item Form (2002); and Oxford Happiness Scale (2002) were used to measure Forgiveness, Anger, Gratitude and Well-being respectively. Results showed that there is a significant negative relationship between anger and forgiveness (-.76) while gratitude and forgiveness (.82) and well-being and forgiveness (.82) are significantly positively related. Multiple Regression Analysis revealed that anger, gratitude and subjective well-being all are significant predictors of forgiveness. It was found that gratitude contributes most while well-being contributes least in predicting forgiveness.

Pages: 407-410Shraddha Sharma (Post Doctoral Fellow, Department of Psychology, SNDT, Mumbai, Maharashtra )Ira Das (Department…

Pages: 401-406
Rhett Diessner and Phillip Steiner (Lewis-Clark State College, Lewiston, USA)

In a 12-week long action research quasi-experimental design, aimed at increasing trait levels of appreciation of beauty, a quasi-experimental group participated in a three credit senior undergraduate college course focused on providing participants with experiences of beauty: natural beauty, artistic beauty, moral beauty, and beautiful ideas. Results indicated that the members of the quasi-experimental group significantly (p = .002) increased their levels of the trait of appreciation beauty compared to a comparison group, and with a large effect size (d = .85).Only one other empirical study demonstrating overall trait changes in appreciation of beauty, possibly due to intentional intervention, has been published. This is the first study to report an intervention that may have significantly (p = .05) increased the trait of appreciation of artistic beauty (medium effect size, d = .53) and the trait of appreciation of beautiful ideas (p = .05, medium effect size d = .76).

Pages: 401-406Rhett Diessner and Phillip Steiner (Lewis-Clark State College, Lewiston, USA)

Pages: 398-400
Aradhana Shukla (Department of Psychology, S.S.J. Campus, Almora Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand )
Rupali Joshi (Post Doctoral Fellow, Department of Psychology, S.S.J. Campus, Almora, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand )

There is growing body of evidence suggesting that attending university for the first time entails a transition in young people's lives that incorporates a great deal of stress. Although for most students this period is a chance for personal growth but for some this is a critical time involving drastic changes which could be overwhelming and at times leading to negative consequences like anxiety and depression. Students, after finishing schooling may either get selected to professional courses or may enter non-professional courses. Usually entry into the latter may either be by choice or due to not being to be selected in professional courses despite making an effort and the resulting frustrations may lead to stress. On the other hand, demands for high quality performance may be imposed on students in professional courses leading to different types of stresses among them. The primary purpose of this study, hence, was to identify different sources of stress in professional and non-professional courses. A sample of 400 students including (200 boys from I.I.T., B.H.U., & 200 boys from Faculty of Science, B.H.U.) Student Stress Scale which assesses stress in five areas, viz., academic, environmental, family, financial and hostel was administered on these students and result showed there was significant difference on academic, family, financial, hostel and overall stress areas as the mean scores of non professional students was significantly higher among non professional students than professional students.

Pages: 398-400Aradhana Shukla (Department of Psychology, S.S.J. Campus, Almora Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand )Rupali Joshi…

Pages: 395-397
M. Lakshmi Narasimha (ICSSR Post-Doctoral Fellow, Department of Psychology, S. V. University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh)
L. K. Reddy (Department of Psychology, S. V. University,Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh)

The present study was undertaken to study the impact of emotional maturity, intelligence and self-efficacy on the academic achievement of teacher trainees. The sample of the study consisted of 400 teacher trainees selected from different B.Ed colleges of Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh. The tools used in the study are Emotional maturity scale, Raven's Progressive matrices and General self-efficacy scale (GSE). The data was analyzed by using mean, standard deviation and t-test. The result shows that there is a significant difference between male and female trainees with regard to emotional maturity, intelligence and self-efficacy.

Pages: 395-397M. Lakshmi Narasimha (ICSSR Post-Doctoral Fellow, Department of Psychology, S. V. University, Tirupati, Andhra…

Pages: 392-394
Manpreet Ola (AIBAS, Amity University, Gurgaon, Haryana)
Roopa Mathur (Department of Psychology, The IIS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

All of us are aware about the problems faced by the elderly in our society; simultaneously if we look around we can clearly see that not many of us are doing something about it. With fast rising population and the low rates of mortality levels, it is very essential that we become sensitive about this grave issue and give the desired needed attention to this particular class of population, we should focus on their issues, by applying any means through which we can be of use to them, even if those efforts include; just a small bit of quality time for them; listening to them; helping them in their little chores and lastly to be a little human and realize that even they have mental health issues and which needs to be treated and handled with love and care. After looking at the vast researches on the various factors we can clearly understand the role played by the social support received by these individuals, their own perception regarding their health and their actual physical health and lastly the strong role played by the stressors cannot be ignored, and combined all these three factors have a very tough impact on their subjective well being.

Pages: 392-394Manpreet Ola (AIBAS, Amity University, Gurgaon, Haryana)Roopa Mathur (Department of Psychology, The IIS University…

Pages: 389-391
Chirmi Acharya and Madhu Jain (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

The aim of the present study was to compare the psychological well being and self esteem between the Indian classical dancers and non dancers. 40 Indian classical dancers and non dancers were selected using purposive sampling technique from various dance institutes. Ryff's psychological well being scale (1989) and Rosenberg's self esteem scale (1965) was used as tools for the study. The results reveal that the domains environmental mastery, personal growth, personal relations and self acceptance and autonomy of psychological well being are comparatively better in the Indian classical dancers than in the non dancers. Not only this, the Indian classical dancers showed higher level of self esteem than the non dancers. The findings of the present study can help to spread awareness of the positive impact of Indian classical dances on body as well as mind and to be more attuned to oneself.

Pages: 389-391Chirmi Acharya and Madhu Jain (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Pages: 386-388
Prachi Shukla and Tejpreet K. Kang (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

Loneliness is an unpleasant and distressing, subjective experience that results from deficient social relationships. Loneliness is a common emotion in adolescence and early adulthood. The present study is an attempt to study the difference in perceived loneliness of rural and urban male and female adolescents of Ludhiana district. The study was based on a sample of 300 adolescents equally distributed over gender (150 girls & 150 boys) and locale (150 rural & 150 urban). Loneliness was assessed by using Perceived Loneliness Scale developed by Jha (1971). Results clearly demonstrated that there exists a significant difference in perceived loneliness of male and female adolescents. Female adolescents perceived higher loneliness than male adolescents. Locale wise significant difference also existed. Results showed that rural adolescents experienced more loneliness as compared to urban adolescents.

Pages: 386-388Prachi Shukla and Tejpreet K. Kang (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab…

Pages: 382-385
Fakir Mohan Sahoo (Xavier Institute of Management, Xavier University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha)
Arpita Sarangi (Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha)
Kalpana Sahoo (Xavier University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha)

The advent of neuroscience and the accompanying technology allows us a specific categorization of emotional styles. Emotional styles are much closer to underlying brain systems than emotional states or traits. Based on neuroscientific findings, a taxonomy of six emotional styles (resilience, optimism, social intuition, self-awareness, context-awareness, & attention) has been conceptualized. The present study is geared to developing a psychometric measure of these six styles. A total number of 132 potential managers (72 males & 60 females) are individually administered a 60-item scale of emotional styles developed by the first author. In addition, two short versions of physical health and depression are also administered. The examination of group difference across male and female managers reveals no gender difference. However, female managers tend to report greater optimism and attention, though the difference does not reach the level of statistical significance. As expected, these positive dimensions of emotional styles are significantly inter-correlated. The implications of findings are outlined for future intervention programmes.

Pages: 382-385Fakir Mohan Sahoo (Xavier Institute of Management, Xavier University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha)Arpita Sarangi (Institute of…

Pages: 379-381
Liela Taghizadeh (Department of Counselling, Marvdash Branch Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran)
Hossein Aflakifard (Department of Educational Sciences, Farhangian, University, Iran)

The purpose of this study, was studying the effectiveness Of Positive Thinking training On Stress and Self-efficacy of Students, according to the purpose and nature, this study was functional and was used to do semi-empirical method. The statistical society included all girl students of elementary school in Jahrom, was studying in 2015-2016 by the number of 5250 person that was selected 60 persons as statistical sample by Multistage-cluster random sampling. In order to collect data, it was used Sherer General Self-Efficacy and stress questionnaire that validity of questionnaire was by method of content and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha, respectively determined 0.81 and 0.97. Data analyzed by using the statistical method of single-variable analysis of co-variance and variance the result and anova were that, in the post- test in both groups, there was no significant difference in term of self- Efficacy rate and positive thinking training, had a direct and positive impact to increase the rate of self-efficacy in test group students, but in post- test stage, there was no significant difference between two groups of stress.

Pages: 379-381Liela Taghizadeh (Department of Counselling, Marvdash Branch Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran)Hossein Aflakifard (Department…

Pages: 374-378
S. A. Salve (Department of Psychology, Savitribai Phule Pune University Pune, Maharashtra)
A. K. Lavalekar (Jnana Prabodhinis Institute of Psychology, Pune, Maharashtra)

This study investigated the role of dispositional gratitude and authenticity in emotional intelligence among late adolescent boys and girls separately, as the previous research shows that there is gender difference on these variables. The prevalence of adolescent's emotional issues has increased in the last decade. The purpose of this study was to understand characteristics about gratitude and authenticity that contribute to emotional intelligence and whether there is any gender difference in the factors that contribute to EI. Method: Participants were 222 junior college students from Pune (123 girls and 99 boys). respondents completed self-report questionnaires about gratitude, authenticity and emotional intelligence. Results Preliminary correlation analysis showed that EI (r= .300**) was correlated positively to Gratitude and Authenticity (r=.048) in boys. EI (r= .336**) was correlated positively to Gratitude and Authenticity (r=.164) in girls. A subscale of gratitude i.e. social appreciation significantly influencing EI in boys as well for girls. Social Appreciation accounted uniquely for approximately 9% of the variance (R2 = .10, adjusted R2=.09 for (p < .01)) for boys. Social Appreciation received the strongest weight in the model. Predicted positively to EI, accounting for approximately 11% of the variance (R2 = .12, ΔR2=.11 (p < .001). **p < .001.). The results were discussed in the light of related literature.

Pages: 374-378S. A. Salve (Department of Psychology, Savitribai Phule Pune University Pune, Maharashtra)A. K. Lavalekar…
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