Indian Journal of Health & Wellbeing

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Validation of the factor structure of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire Pages: 61-66 Satchit Prasun Mandal, Yogesh Kumar Arya and Rakesh Pandey (Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh) Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ: Baer, Smith, Hopkins, Krietemeyer & Toney, 2006) though is a widely used measure for assessing the trait mindfulness, its five factor structure has been questioned and a four factor model (without observe dimension) has been advocated in several studies. The validity of the initially proposed five factor and the alternative four factor models of the FFMQ was tested in the present study using the Hindi version of this measure (FFMQ-H) on a sample of 300 non-meditators (163 males & 137 females). Findings of the confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the original five factor of the FFMQ do not provide a good fit to the data even after allowing the five dimensions and some of the error terms to correlate. The test of the alternative four factor model (without the observe dimension) yielded a better fit compared to five factor model. The model was further revised by dropping three items (33, 4 & 10) having poor psychometric properties and/or poor loading which resulted in considerable improvement in the model fit. The final 28 item Hindi version of the FFMQ (without observe dimension) and its four factors demonstrated satisfactory reliability (alpha coefficient for the whole scale was .85 & for the four factors it ranged from .61 to .81). The findings suggest that the FFMQ-H can be used to reliably measure the trait mindfulness among Hindi speaking Indians and the trait mindfulness can be better summarized by four factors without the observe dimension that may be redundant for assessing it among non-meditators. Pages: 61-66Satchit Prasun Mandal, Yogesh Kumar Arya and Rakesh Pandey (Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu… Read more Get Access
Relationship of acculturative stress with social support, acculturation experience and cultural intelligence: A systematic review Pages: 67-72 Khan Abrar uz Zaman Khan and B. Hasan (Psychometrics Laboratory, School of Studies in Psychology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, C.G.) The objective of the present systematic review was to examine the role of acculturation experience, cultural intelligence and social support on acculturative stress. 30 peer reviewed studies (full text) were identified (with inclusion criteria) through the J-Gate Plus database, covers the period from 1994 to 2014, using the search terms acculturation experiences, social support, cultural intelligence and acculturative stress. Six parameters are decided to assess internal validity of reviewed studies as recommend by Zhang and Goodson (2011), viz., research design, validity coefficients of criterion measure on own data, reliability coefficients of criterion measure on own data, validity and reliability coefficients of different predictor measures on own data, statistical analyses, effect size. Reviewed studies provide contradictory information regarding direct effect of social support on acculturative stress. Further, reviewed studies have insufficient external and internal validity. The information of acculturative stress under within country migrations has not yet been ascertained. This present systematic review concluded that acculturation experience, cultural intelligence and social support are insubstantial predictors of acculturative stress. The theoretical and practical issues have been discussed. Pages: 67-72Khan Abrar uz Zaman Khan and B. Hasan (Psychometrics Laboratory, School of Studies in… Read more Get Access
An evidence based review on ayurvedic management of Kaphaja Kasa (Chronic Bronchitis) Pages: 73-78 Rajashree Ranjita, Soubhagyalaxmi Mohanty and Alex Hankey (Division of Yoga and Life Science, SVYASA Yoga University, Bengaluru) H. R. Nagendra (SVYASA Yoga University, Bengaluru) Ayurvedic texts have described 'Kasa' as an independent Vyadhi and a symptom of various debilitating diseases with its separate types, signs, symptoms, pathogenesis, and treatment. If treatment of Kasa Vyadhi is not done in time it can give rise to critical conditions like Swasa, Shosa, Rajyakshama, Urakshata, Rakttapitta, Granthi, Arbuda of respiratory tract etc. So to avoid the above complications it is essential to prevent and manage Kasa Vyadhi. Kasa is of five types; Vataja, Pittaja, Kaphaja, Kshayaja and Kshataja. Among all, Kaphaja Kasa is prevalent in these days originated due to the exposure to active and passive smoking, air pollution, occupational hazards. Kaphaja Kasa is a disease described in Ayurvedic texts that shows close resemblance with chronic bronchitis on the basis of clinical manifestations. However, according to WHO chronic bronchitis and emphysema are now included within the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), a major cause of health care burden worldwide and the only leading cause of death among respiratory diseases that is increasing in prevalence. So in this article, critical analysis was done on the Ayurvedic management of Kaphaja Kasa vis-à-vis chronic bronchitis. Pages: 73-78Rajashree Ranjita, Soubhagyalaxmi Mohanty and Alex Hankey (Division of Yoga and Life Science, SVYASA… Read more Get Access
Developing psychological capital through mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR) therapy Pages: 79-84 Himani Jain and Rohtash Singh (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana ) Many people find it hard to cope with the pressures of modern living. Every day, a quarter of a million people miss work because of stress, with 75 percent of all illnesses thought to be stress-related. And when times are hard, it can be difficult to see the light at the end of the tunnel. Cultivating mindfulness is the key to overcome suffering and recognize natural wisdom: both our own and others'. This research paper focuses on Developing Psychological Capital (Hope, Self-efficacy, Resilience and Optimism) through Mindfulness Therapy. A sample of 186 adults (77 M, 109 F) aged 21 to 65 years was randomly selected for research. Of whom 136 adults (52 M, 84 F) completed six measures: The Hope Scale, The General Self-efficacy scale, 14-item Resilience Scale (RS-14), The Life Orientation Test- Revised (LOT-R), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) for screening the participants with high depression and anxiety. The screened 64 (32 M, 32 F) participants were randomly assigned to two groups: experimental group (32adults: 16 M, 16 F) and control group (32adults: 16 M, 16 F). Participants in experimental group received Mindfulness Therapy for 8 weeks. The results obtained by applying paired samples t-test indicated a significant improvement in all the four constructs of Psychological Capital (Hope, Self-efficacy, Resilience and Optimism) and reduction in Depression and Anxiety. Pages: 79-84Himani Jain and Rohtash Singh (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana ) Read more Get Access
Analysis of factors influencing mortality and morbidity in neonates with esophageal atresia in a tertiary care centre in a developing country Pages: 85-90 Pradeep Kajal and Kamal Nain Rattan (Department of Pediatric Surgery, GIMS Rohtak, Haryana) Sanjiv Nanda (Department of Pediatrics, PGIMS Rohtak, Haryana) Namita Bhutani (Department of Pathology, GIMS Rohtak, Haryana) Esophageal atresia (EA) is a type of congenital anomaly caused by an abnormal embryological development of the esophagus, anatomically characterized by a congenital obstruction of the lumen of the esophagus or interruption in the continuity of the esophageal wall. The esophagus is divided into two blind pouches, an upper and lower, which may or may not communicate with the tracheobronchial tree, through a fistulous tract called tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF/TOF). It is a rare anomaly occurring in between 1 in 3000 and 1 in 4500 live births. To analyze the factors influencing mortality and morbidity in neonates with Esophageal Atresia in a tertiary care centre in a developing country.The hospital stay and progress of all neonates with esophageal anomalies admitted between July 2009 and Dec 2011 at the neonatal surgical unit, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India was analysed prospectively. Data extracted included age at admission, sex, gestational age, birth weight, place of delivery, history of feeding , associated congenital anomalies, respiratory status, type of esophageal atresia, gap between upper and lower pouch and postoperative complications. The survival was defined when the infant was discharged. Waterston prognostic criteria were used for survival. In this study, records of 174 neonates were analysed. The male to female ratio was 2.3:1. The mean gestational age was 37 weeks (32-42 weeks) and the mean birth weight was 2.3 kg ( 900 g to 4.0 kg). Majority of the babies were having history of feeding before being referred from peripheral health care centres including private nursing homes. The mean age at admission at our surgical unit was 2.7 days . The associated congenital anomalies were seen in 53% patients and the cardiac anomalies were the commonest (37%). The commonest type of anomaly was esophageal atresia with distal fistula (90%). Twenty two (13%) neonates could not be operated due to reasons which included parental refusal for surgery, multiple anomalies and babies too sick even for staged repair. The operative survival rate in this series was 65% and the overall survival was 57%. The factors responsible for high mortality in this series were: delayed diagnosis, poor antenatal as well as postnatal services, prematurity, low birth weight and early feeding leading to aspiration pneumonitis and sepsis. Moreover, lack of transportation facilities for sick neonates also added to the poor survival. Pages: 85-90Pradeep Kajal and Kamal Nain Rattan (Department of Pediatric Surgery, GIMS Rohtak, Haryana)Sanjiv Nanda… Read more Get Access
Gender, education and spiritual health: An exploratory analysis Pages: 91-96 Deepak Shukla (Director Operations, Pushpawati Singhania Research Institute, (Hospital), New Delhi) S.D. Sharma (Department of Psychiatry, National Academy of Medical Sciences (NAMS) & Institute of Human Behavior and Allied Sciences) Shailendra Kumar Sharma and Pragyendu (Department of Applied Psychology, Sri Aurobindo College (Evening), University of Delhi, Delhi) People around the world have increasingly realized the need of Spiritual health to attain best possible wellness status, irrespective of being theist or atheist and irrespective of their cast, creed, nationality, sex, age etc. Health professionals as well as common masses have increasingly felt the need of spiritual health, to attain overall wellness of people. The objective of the present research study was to measure and compare Spiritual Health scores of males and females as well as different educational group. To compare the Spiritual Health levels of all the participants of the current study Spiritual Health Scale (SHS- 2011) developed at National Institute of Health and Family Welfare contains 114 items, 6 constructs and 3 domains was used. Significant finding of the current study was the Spiritual Health scores of all Females respondents (n=128) when compared and contrasted with all Male respondents (n=332) were significant higher on the three domains namely, Self-Evolution, Self-Actualization and Transcendence and 5 constructs, namely, Wider Perspective, Nurturance Art, Engineering from Within, Deeper Meaning and Universal Love. Curiously the scores between males and females did not show a significant difference when compared on the construct of 'Considering oneself as a part of the Supreme.' Pages: 91-96Deepak Shukla (Director Operations, Pushpawati Singhania Research Institute, (Hospital), New Delhi)S.D. Sharma (Department of… Read more Get Access
A comparative study of minimum muscular fitness in students with visual impairment and normal vision Pages: 97-100 Soubhagyalaxmi Mohanty, Satyaprakash Purohit, Rima Mayanglanbam Rajashree Ranjita, Balaram Pradhan and Alex Hankey (Division of Yoga and Humanities, SVYASA Yoga University, Bangalore, Karnataka ) The protective effects of fitness on several health related outcomes have clearly been shown among normal sighted students. However, currently there is a dearth of data pertaining to children with visual impairment regarding their fitness. The purpose of the study was to examine differences in minimum muscular fitness among students with visual impairment and normal vision. Two hundred thirty six students; visually impaired (n=125) and sighted (n =111); of South India matched on age, height, weight, and gender participated in this study. Participants were evaluated for minimum muscular fitness through Kraus -Weber test. Chi - square test was used to calculate the frequency and percentage of failure and success in both the groups. The results demonstrated that sighted students had significantly greater levels of muscle fitness than students with visual impairment. It appears that students with visual impairment are deficient in muscle strength as compared to sighted students. Inclusion of physical activities such as yoga in the regular curriculum of the school is suggested for the improvement of the failures status. Pages: 97-100Soubhagyalaxmi Mohanty, Satyaprakash Purohit, Rima Mayanglanbam Rajashree Ranjita, Balaram Pradhan and Alex Hankey (Division… Read more Get Access
Attitudes of teachers and students towards mainstreaming Pages: 101-105 Ramesh Chander (Clinical Psychologist/Scientist (DRDO), 20 SSB, S. I. Lines, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh) Mainstreaming, in education is a practice of teaching handicapped children in regular class rooms with non handicapped children to the fullest extent possible. Such children may have orthopedic, intellectual, emotional, or visual difficulties or handicaps associated with hearing or learning. The practice is also called inclusion. Mainstreaming has been of increasing interest since the late 1960s in response to researches showing that many handicapped students learned better in regular than in special classes. The aim of present study is to assess the attitudes toward mainstreaming in which the sample of the study consisted of 100 teachers (50 Special Education Teachers and 50 Regular Class Teachers) and 79 students (29 disabled and 50 normal students). Mainstreaming Attitude Scale (Likert- type) was used as a tool of data collection and ANOVA method was applied for analysis. The obtained results were discussed in view of existing literature and the study was concluded with recommendations for further research on the subject. Pages: 101-105Ramesh Chander (Clinical Psychologist/Scientist (DRDO), 20 SSB, S. I. Lines, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh) Read more Get Access
Examination on the role of emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence on suicidal tendency among high school students in Gachsaran Pages: 106-108 Soudabeh Alizadeh and Mahbobeh Chin Aveh (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran) The aim of this study was to examine the role of emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence on suicidal tendency among high school students in Gachsaran. This study was correlational. The statistical population of this study consisted of all high school students living in Gachsaran. According to Morgan's Table, the statistical sample of this research was 367 high school students. Measurement tools of this study included Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire and Beck Suicidal Thought Scale. After completing the questionnaires by researcher and using face-to-face interview with interviewees (respondents), they were entered into statistical software SPSS. Then, they were analyzed by using appropriate statistics. According to the findings, there is a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence of individuals with suicidal tendency. Also, emotional intelligence and its dimensions were able to predict suicidal tendency among individuals. On the other hand, there is a significant difference between emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence and spiritual tendency of girls and boys, so that emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence were higher in girls than boys, and suicidal tendency was high among boys. Pages: 106-108Soudabeh Alizadeh and Mahbobeh Chin Aveh (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University… Read more Get Access
Psychological factors of aging in Pakistan Pages: 109-112 Anwaar Mohyuddin and Iqra Rehman (Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan) This research entitled “Psychological and Physical Factors of Aging in Pakistan” was conducted in Bahria town, Rawalpindi Pakistan. The qualitative anthropological techniques were used for data collection. The main purpose of this research was to highlight and discuss the issues and problems of senior citizens in the context of psychological factors. This attempt has been made to explore the senior citizen anticipation from the government about their welfare. There is a major effect of modernization on the life of older people. This research has focused many important issues which have created the life of senior citizens difficult. The issues relate to the psychological factors. Issues like anxiety, loneliness and depression, etc.. Along with psychological issues, physical issues are attached and when the psychological issues increase the physical issues also increase.This research concludes that although there are many issues which are making the life of senior citizens problematic yet they are still living a satisfied life because they are not depending on children or on others. Senior citizens demand time from their children and grandchildren. The psychological problems have increased in old age somehow because of modernization. Pages: 109-112Anwaar Mohyuddin and Iqra Rehman (Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan) Read more Get Access
A comparative study on receptive speech among patients suffering from schizophrenia with AIIMS comprehensive neuropsychological battery Pages: 113-116 Riju Raj Roy, Anand Manjhi and J. Mahto (Post Graduate Institute of Behavioural and Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhatisgarh) Speech disorder is increasingly understood to be a significant indicator and characteristic of schizophrenia. Abnormalities in receptive language processes are also reliably detected for patients with schizophrenia including disturbances to word perception, sentence comprehension, and semantic and syntactic processing. Thus the objective of the study was to assess receptive speech among male and female patients suffering from schizophrenia using Receptive Speech Function Scale of AIIMS comprehensive neuropsychological battery in Hindi (Adult form). Thirty patients, i.e., fifteen male and fifteen female patients already diagnosed as having paranoid schizophrenia (as per ICD-10 DCR) were selected from outpatient and inpatient department of PGIBAMS, Raipur, through purposive sampling. The result of the study concluded that there were only significant differences found between male and female subjects on certain aspects of receptive speech like understanding of commands that involves exhibiting motor responses and to identify non-sensible words. Pages: 113-116Riju Raj Roy, Anand Manjhi and J. Mahto (Post Graduate Institute of Behavioural and… Read more Get Access
A study of behavioural and temperamental problems in pre-school children Pages: 117-120 Kiran Yadav and Prerna Puri (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan) Rakesh Yadav (Consultant Psychiatrist, R. K. Yadav Memorial Mental Health & Deaddiction Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan) To determine the prevalence of Temperamental and Behavioural problems in pre-school children and to assess the nature of these problems and their relationship with socio-demographic variables in the schools of Jaipur. A specially designed Performa including the Socio-Demographic data, Pre-School Behaviour Checklist (PBCL) by Richman & Graham (1971) and Temperament Scale of Developmental Psychopathology (DPCL) by Malvika Kapur, Uma H & Girimaje S. R. (1992). was sent to the parents of 300 children between the age group of 3 to 5 years from various schools of Jaipur These children were studying in LKG, UKG, Prep.. Data was analysed by both parametric and nonparametric statistics. Deviant behaviours of PBCL were reported in 68(36%) in children. High DPCL scores 65(34%) reported in children. Male children (73%) have more temperamental deviant behaviours as compared to deviant behaviours on PBCL (19%). Deviant behaviours on temperament scale of DPCL were also higher in children who were either first child 19(46%) or last child 44(41%) or only child 28(27%). (x2 =4.1405, p>0.5). Occupation of the mother was found to influence the development of deviant behaviours (71%) on both the scales. Pre-School children do suffer from a high prevalence of behaviour and temperament problems. The existing familial, social and cultural norms directly or indirectly influence the psychosocial development of the child. Thus, it is necessary to have a congenial family environment. Pages: 117-120Kiran Yadav and Prerna Puri (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)Rakesh Yadav… Read more Get Access
Yoga as a preventive therapy for loneliness in orphan adolescents Pages: 121-124 Satya Prakash Purohit, Balaram Pradhan and Hogasandra Ramarao Nagendra (SVYASA Yoga University, Bengaluru, Karnataka) Loneliness is common among orphans and has been found to activate biological stress processes; also responsible for many psychiatric disorders like anxiety, depression, sleep problems, personality disorders, eating disorders along with nausea, headaches and poor immunity. Yoga is already emerged as an integrated approach to bring positive physical and mental health and as a preventive medicine for psychosomatic disorders in children and adolescents; however it is not much tested on orphans. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a Yoga program on the loneliness in orphan adolescents. This was a randomized wait-list control (WLC) pre-post study. Eighty orphan adolescents of age ranging from 11 to16 years were included in the study. Yoga group underwent three months of Yoga program with a schedule of 90 minutes per day, four days per week. The WLC group underwent the routine activities. Ethical approval, informed consent form and inform assents were obtained prior to the study. Socio-demographic information form and Children's Loneliness Scale (CLS) were assessed in the beginning and end of the intervention. Independent sample 't' test showed that there was significant difference (p=0.001) in the post scores of CLS in Yoga group compared to WLC group. There were no significant difference observed in both the groups between pre and post scores although the magnitude of change in Yoga group (19.28%, p=0.069) is higher as compared to WLC group (7.45%, p=0.884). Three months Yoga program may be useful for the young orphan adolescents in reducing loneliness. Pages: 121-124Satya Prakash Purohit, Balaram Pradhan and Hogasandra Ramarao Nagendra (SVYASA Yoga University, Bengaluru, Karnataka) Read more Get Access
Subjective and psychological well-being as related to dispositional and motivational forgiveness among adolescents Pages: 125-128 Sushila Pareek, Nidhi Mathur and Kavita Mangnani (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan) Helping young people avoid and overcome emotional problems in the wake of violence is one of the most important challenges for psychologists and social scientists. Moreover, promoting healthy development is as important as preventing problems and serves the same end more effectively. Forgiveness has a crucial role in attaining health and overall development, as it is an important healing mechanism which helps an individual to cope with guilt, injustice, grief and loss; supports to reenergize hearts and rebuilds life because revenge from self or others is not the permanent answer. Forgiveness can be understood as a response, as a personality disposition, and as a characteristic of social units, at the level of the psychological functioning of a transgression recipient. Specifically, forgiveness as a response can be defined as a suite of transgression related motivational changes toward a transgressor in which revenge and avoidance related motivations subside, and motivations toward benevolence or goodwill increase or re-emerge. As a personality disposition, forgiveness reflects a trait-like tendency to forgive other across a variety of interpersonal transgressions. Review of literature indicates that Forgiveness has a lot of positive implications for health and wellbeing. Although Forgiveness has been fairly addressed in West, very little work has been done on Indian population. Therefore the present study aims at understanding the subjective and psychological wellbeing in relation to dispositional and motivational forgiveness among adolescents. Transgression Related Interpersonal Motivation Scale (TRIM_12) by Mc Cullough (1998), Heartland Forgiveness Scale by Thompson and Snyder (2003), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS-X) by Watson and Clark (1994), Satisfaction with Life Scale by Diener et al. (1985) and Psychological Well Being Scale by Ryff and Keyes (1995) were used. The sample consisted of 100 adolescents (50 males and 50 females) in the age range of 18-24 years. Correlational analyses were used to analyze the data. Results indicated positive correlations between the dimensions of Forgiveness and wellbeing. Pages: 125-128Sushila Pareek, Nidhi Mathur and Kavita Mangnani (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur… Read more Get Access
Relationship between parental bonding and factors of aggression among adolescents Pages: 129-132 Aastha Sharma (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh) Recent studies are only beginning to suggest possible linkages between children's parental attachment and aggression. This study focuses on highlighting the possible link that may exist between parental bonding (Maternal care, maternal overprotection, Paternal care and Paternal overprotection) and aggression (Total aggression, physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and hostility) in adolescents. The present investigation was conducted to see whether adolescents differing in parental bonding differed significantly on aggression. For this purpose, a group of 80 adolescents (40 males and 40 females) was administered the Aggression Scale (given by Buss & Perry, 1992) and the Parental Bonding Instrument (given by Parker et al., 1979). The socio-economic status of the group was controlled. The data was analysed using Pearson Moment Correlation and significant results were obtained. Results indicated that parental bonding indeed has a direct influence on the level of aggression of the adolescent. Pages: 129-132Aastha Sharma (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh) Read more Get Access
Gender, family size and birth order as determinants of social adjustment among adolescents in Himachal Pradesh Pages: 136-139 Kanu Priya and Gayatri Raina (Department of Psychology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, HP) The present investigation was conducted to examine the effect of gender, family size and birth order on social adjustment of adolescents. Samples of 150 adolescents (75 males and 75 females) in the age range of 16-18 years, studying in 11th and 12th standard were selected from four English medium schools of Shimla district of Himachal Pradesh. Global Adjustment Scale developed by Psy-Com Services (1994) was used for measuring social adjustment among the selected sample of adolescent boys and girls. A 222 analysis of variance with unequal replicates was carried out to see the independent and interactive effect of gender, family size and birth order on social adjustment of adolescents. Results revealed that gender has established significant effect on social adjustment of adolescent with boys having significantly better social adjustment as compared to girls. Furthermore, findings also revealed that gender was involved in significant higher order interaction effect with birth order. Results clearly indicated that male later born students had better social adjustment as compared to male first born students. In, addition to this, the findings of present study also suggested that female first born students had better social adjustment as compared to female later born students. But the family size does not seem to play its significant role on social adjustment of adolescents in Himachal Pradesh. Pages: 136-139Kanu Priya and Gayatri Raina (Department of Psychology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla… Read more Get Access
The view of patients with type 2 diabetes on insulin consumption barriers Pages: 140-143 Marjan Karbasi and Tahereh Delpasand (Department of Nursing,, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran) Diabetes, as the most common gland disease in the world, is responsible for four million deaths every year and nine percent of the total deaths in the world. Diabetes is a chronic disease, whose management necessitates multi-axis care and treatment. For most of the patients, insulin therapy is one of the most important parts of diabetes care. However, some patients are reluctant to use insulin. The unwillingness is the "psychological insulin resistance", which leads to exacerbation of the disease condition and early onset of its consequences. Using the content analysis method and interviewing 14 patients (9 women and 5 men) of fars Diabetes Association (Shahid Motahari Clinic), four of the patients' entourage and five colleagues (physicians and nurses), this qualitative study was conducted semi-structured and continued to saturation of data and their view and beliefs about starting to take insulin have been questioned. Six main factors were identified including: perceived lack of control over life, poor self-efficacy, insulin therapy as the individual failure, disorder of the perceived severity of the disease, injection related anxiety and Perceived lack of benefit to insulin therapy. Identification of factors causing patients not to have a favorable opinion to insulin therapy is a step towards planning for the treatment of diabetics. Pages: 140-143Marjan Karbasi and Tahereh Delpasand (Department of Nursing,, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom… Read more Get Access
Well-being of rural women: Role of traditional food habits and value pattern Pages: 172-176 Alok Kumar (Department of Sociology, C.C.S.University, Meerut, U.P.) This paper assesses the socio-economic profile of the women and explore the women's food habits, values and after effects. In this paper, the researcher investigated the phenomenon by using interview and observation technique at a village of Bulandshahr District, U.P. (India). The results revealed that majority of the women are Hindu who belonged to the early age group (25-45) and OBC castes, educated up to secondary and higher secondary level belonged to lower income group, were housewives, lived in middle size houses and in nuclear families, had light, ventilation, toilet and bathroom facility in their house. Majority of the women eat least and last, keep fast for religious and astrological purpose for the wellbeing of the family members. They rarely give their attention towards nutritional diet due to which they are suffering from the various health problems like malnutrition, stress, sleeplessness and other diseases. Efforts are needed to improve diet quality and education for rural women for their upliftment in the economic and health status. Pages: 172-176Alok Kumar (Department of Sociology, C.C.S.University, Meerut, U.P.) Read more Get Access
Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia Pages: 177-185 Anchala Dixit (Department of Psychology Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, C.G. ) Bashir Hasan (SoS in Psychology Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, C.G.) Cognitive dysfunction is the loss of intellectual abilities that can range from mild to severe disturbance and affect an individual's attention, thinking, memory, executive function, reasoning, visual-spatial function, language, and psychomotor speed. The purpose of this review paper is to carry out a current understanding of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia as well as their relationship with the other aspects of illness. The present review deals with empirical studies from January 2005 to March 2015 searching through Pub Med database and Google Scholar, and 96 articles were found appropriate on the basis of their titles and abstracts. Schizophrenia and Schizophrenia spectrum disorder were included as study sample. Cognitive dysfunction was found in all domains including of attention, executive function, comprehension, learning and memory. Cognitive dysfunction were found in every phase of illness and significantly correlated with positive, negative, and disorganized symptoms, patient demographics and functional outcome in schizophrenia. Cognitive dysfunction affects the overall life of a patient with schizophrenia. This paper may help to better identify and understand the cognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia and ultimately guide in better management. Pages: 177-185Anchala Dixit (Department of Psychology Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, C.G. )Bashir Hasan (SoS… Read more Get Access
Effect of perceptual load and nature of distractors on the selective attention of children with and without ASD Pages: 186-192 Ruby John and Sritha Sandon (Department of Psychology, Montfort College, Bangalore, Karnataka ) The current research study focuses on the effect of perceptual load and the nature of distractors between children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and children without Autism Spectrum Disorder. The purpose of the study is to measure the selective attention of children with ASD, further comparing children with ASD and children without ASD. Selective attention is measured on the basis of perceptual load and nature of distractors. The independent variables of the study are perceptual load, which is the number of distractors and also the nature of distractors (similar and dissimilar) and the dependent variable is the reaction time of the children during the task. The study has the following hypotheses: • Perceptual load and nature of distractors will influence selective attention of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. • There will be difference in selective attention as a function of perceptual load and nature of distractors in children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder. The study was conducted on 15 children with ASD and 30 children without ASD, between the age group of 5 to 13 years, from the Urban Bangalore Population. The subjects were shown a set of stimulus cards that contained a target stimuli, accompanied with distractors. Depending upon the number of distractors the perceptual load of the card varied and depending on the similarity and dissimilarity of the distractors to the target stimulus, the nature of the distractors varied. The data was collected by noting the children's reaction time in identifying the target stimulus. The data was collected and analysed using 2 two way mixed and within subjects ANOVA. One was used to analyse the effect of perceptual load on selective attention within each group and between two groups. The other was used to analyse the effect of nature of distractor on selective attention within each group and between two groups. The results showed that there exists a significant difference in reaction time between group 1 (children with ASD) and group 2 (children without ASD) with regard to the nature of distractors and perceptual load. Thus accepting the first hypothesis. The ANOVA value for the main within subject's effect shows that the reaction time has differed significantly across the levels with regard to both perceptual load and nature of distractors thus accepting the second hypotheses. The implications of this research can be used to derive suitable intervention tools to enhance a child's perceptual capacity based on perceptual load and nature of distractors. This kind of tools that will enhance the child's attention can be used by teachers and also parents to help their children with disabilities to perform better from what they used to. This tool also acts as a material for play for the children, thus keeping them entertained while helping them with their attention. Pages: 186-192Ruby John and Sritha Sandon (Department of Psychology, Montfort College, Bangalore, Karnataka ) Read more Get Access
The impact of life skills training on psychological well-being: The role of gender differences Pages: 193-197 Vijendra Kumar S.K. (Counseling Psychologist, Centre for Counseling and Career Guidance, PES University, Bangalore) A.R. Krishnamurthy (Department of Psychology, Sahyadri College Campus Kuvempu University, Shimoga, Karnataka) This paper is a partial work of the role of life skills training on enabling the psychological well-being of visually challenged high school students. The original work is an experimental study through matched design method. Objectives: In this paper, the focus is on the impact of life skills training on the psychological well-being of boys and girls as a separate analysis as well as the differences between them. 15 girls and 16 boys were participated in life skills training program in the residential blind school. Psychological well-being tests were administered (SCWBS and Ryff's PWB) before and after life skills training, which were conducted once a week, stretched for approximately six months. The follow up tests were administered after seventy days of the post training tests administered. Repeated measures ANOVA was employed to analyse the data. R-ANOVA table shows that in SCWBS, F ratio is significant in girls score [ F.05 (2,28)=5.34, p<0.05] and boys it is not significant[ F.05 (2,30)=2.08, p>0.05]. However, Ryff's PWB, both the gender showed significant improvement {girls: [ F.05 (2,28)=5.85, p<0.05 and boys [ F.05 (2,30)=7.62, p<0.05]} in their psychological well-being score of post life skills training compared to pre tests. Post hoc measures and effect size were also calculated and explained. Pages: 193-197Vijendra Kumar S.K. (Counseling Psychologist, Centre for Counseling and Career Guidance, PES University, Bangalore)A.R… Read more Get Access
Guided imagery intervention for anxiety reduction Pages: 198-203 Dani Veena and Sana Alvi (Department of Psychology, Sarojini Naidu Government Girls P.G. College, Bhopal, M.P.) Guided Imagery (GI) is an emerging alternative therapy to control anxiety. The technique involves purposefully and consciously inducing mental images in order to obtain the desired outcomes. The present study investigated the efficacy of GI intervention in the management of state and trait anxiety in an incidental and purposive sample of 8th class students. A pre-test post- test design with one control and one experimental group, matched in terms of intelligence scores and socio-economic status was adopted. After a pre-test assessment of trait and state anxiety levels of both the groups, GI intervention was administered on the experimental group while the control group continued their usual scholastic tasks. The Guided Imagery Intervention developed by the investigator consisted of 7 audio scripts of 15 minutes duration. Interim testing of state and trait anxiety levels was done after the first round and post testing after the second round of Guided Imagery Intervention. A follow up testing was done after a gap of one month. The data was analyzed by applying the 't' test, one way ANOVA, and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results proved the effectiveness of GI in lowering the state and trait anxiety. Pages: 198-203Dani Veena and Sana Alvi (Department of Psychology, Sarojini Naidu Government Girls P.G. College… Read more Get Access
A comparative study on self-concept of the boys and girls among school-going adolescent Pages: 204-207 Pooja Kulshreshtha (Department of Clinical Psychologist, CIIMHANS Hospital, Rajnandgaon, Durg, C.G.) Self-concept is an important concept of any child's development. As children develop a sense of individuality and interact with society and gain experience in the world, their self-concept is affected. The importance of self-concept within educational settings has been discussed by several scholars and has led to the performance of studies examining the role of self-concept in school performance. Therefore, this study will look the self-concept of the boys and girls among school going children in Indian setting. Results indicated that significant group differences on physical, temperamental and moral. Female students scored lower on physical self-concept than male students, but higher on temperamental and moral self-concept. Pages: 204-207Pooja Kulshreshtha (Department of Clinical Psychologist, CIIMHANS Hospital, Rajnandgaon, Durg, C.G.) Read more Get Access
Potentials of creative and arts-based approaches and its impact on quality of life in the context of dementia care Pages: 208-211 Mahuya Karmakar (Vice-Principal cum Professor, Woodlands College of Nursing, Kolkata) The article addresses on the potentials of creative and arts-based approaches in enhancing social networks, support inclusive practice and enable user participation and its impact on quality of life in the context of dementia care The objectives of the discussion is to understand the concept of arts based therapy in the care setting for care of persons with dementia, to examine and analyze critically the studies on arts based therapy and to find the feasibility of practice of arts based therapy in the nursing domain (Palo-Bengtsson et al., 1998). The importance of person centered care; 'embodied selfhood' Kontos (2004, 2005) for obtaining both activity and therapeutic beneficial effects on persons with dementia through various forms of arts based therapy is noticed long back. Nystrom and Lauritzen (2005) discuss the importance of planning a well designed arts therapy for promoting expression of self through nonverbal communication. Besides this, the use of technologies by the care providers in delivering arts based therapy pay attention to those factors that are likely to contribute to positive wellbeing in people with dementia. Pages: 208-211Mahuya Karmakar (Vice-Principal cum Professor, Woodlands College of Nursing, Kolkata) Read more Get Access
Development of implicit measure for virtue based on ancient Indian scripture: Issues and challenges Pages: 212-215 Jin Sook Park, Rajesh S.K., Judu V. Ilavarasu., and Ramachandra G. Bhat (Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (SVYASA) Yoga University, Bengaluru, Karnataka) Conceptualizing and measuring virtue construct is a major, emerging issue in the field of educational research in the context of character development and positive personality development. Increase of virtues (sattva) and decrease of vices (tamas and rajas) is an indication or parameter of one's progress in the path of Yoga and spirituality. India is a country where rich literary resources regarding virtue are available. In this article, we provide extensive Indian philosophical literatures on virtue, and address the necessity of developing a culturally relevant and appropriate psychological tool to assess virtue based on Indian indigenous concepts and ethos. With regard to the measuring tool development, we propose that Implicit Association Test (IAT) would be immensely useful in measuring virtue. This is to minimize the threat of various response biases in self-report assessment method. Further, along with the movements of positive psychology and Indian psychology, we hope that this paper could contribute to the development of positive qualities in human and inspire people to progress in the life journey. Last, it is hoped that our research based on Indian indigenous concepts of virtue would support the advancement of Indian psychology where in the domains of human mind and consciousness are explored more in depth. Pages: 212-215Jin Sook Park, Rajesh S.K., Judu V. Ilavarasu., and Ramachandra G. Bhat (Swami Vivekananda… Read more Get Access

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