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Pages: 354-356
Vinod Chayal and Pardeep Khanna (Department of Community Medicine PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana)
Pooja (Medical Officer, Health Department, Haryana)
Anuradha (Medical Officer Indian Army)
Mukesh Nagar (Medical Officer, VMMC & Safadarjang Hospital, New Delhi)
Shweta Goswami (Department of Community, Medicine KPC Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata)

Influenza Subtype A has caused various pandemics; in 1918-19 Spanish flu [A (H1N1)], Asian Flu [A (H2N2)] 1957-59, Hongkong Flu [A (H3N2)] 1968-69 and “Swine Flu” [A (H1N1)] 2009-10. H1N1 flu virus causes respiratory illness in people, affecting the nose, throat and lungs. Influenza can be transmitted through airborne route by droplets from infected human beings or direct contact or contact with fomites. Agent H1N1 influenza derives Segments from four influenza viruses; North American Swine, North American Avian, Human Influenza and Eurasian Swine. Pigs Infected with Influenza virus from different host of human or bird origin may act as “mixing vessel” which may lead to reassortment of influenza genes and can create a new strain of influenza virus. Subtype A of Influenza virus can Undergo mutation that can take place within the genome (Antigenic drift) / or re- assortment among the genetic materials of subtypes (Antigenic Shift) resulting in a new virus. Antigenic analyses of the recent circulating A (H3N2) viruses have shown differences from the A (H3N2) virus used in the influenza vaccines for 20142015. Recently, countries in Northern Africa, Middle East, and India reported an increase in influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 activity. The predominant strain in western countries has been seasonal influenza A (H3N2) where as in India the California strain of 2009 is prevailing. It has been reported that the recent 2014-2015 H1N1A outbreak in India has resulted in >30,000 cases with over 2000 deaths. These recent spurt of cases and deaths which was even higher than the original H1N1 2009 outbreak in India resulted in a widespread debate that this strain H1N1A 2009 has mutated or not. Improved surveillance and monitoring of the influenza outbreak is need of the hour to both treat as well as prevent spread of the virus. Due to better connectivity world over and high infectious nature of influenza, there is an urgent need to develop a comprehensive and a standardized response to influenza epidemic outbreaks. There is a need of genetic and phenotypic analysis of the virus as and when cases are reported world over and general dissemination of the data is needed to ensure access to this data source in case of any outbreak.

Pages: 354-356Vinod Chayal and Pardeep Khanna (Department of Community Medicine PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana)Pooja (Medical Officer…

Pages: 359-363
Maryam Farhang and H. Sam Sananda Raj (Department of Psychology, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Trivandrum, Kerala)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the significant differences among government and private college students for the variable mental health (and its subscales likewise, attitude toward the self, self-actualization, integration, autonomy, perception of reality, environmental mastery), self-esteem, and subjective well-being. For this purpose, 750 college students Include 368 government and 382 private college students were selected via stratified random sampling method. In order to collect data, the Mental Health status, (M.H.S. Scale) by Gireesan and Sananda Raj, (1988), Self-Esteem Inventory by Thomas, and Sananda Raj, and Subjective Well- Being Inventory, (Sell, & Nagpal, 1992. Adopted, Modified, & Translated by Suhany, & Sananda Raj, 2002) were used. The data were analyzed by t-test. The results showed that students from private college had higher level of attitude toward the self and self-esteem, and subjective well-being than students from Government College, but there wasn't a significant difference among government and private college for other variables under study.

Pages: 359-363Maryam Farhang and H. Sam Sananda Raj (Department of Psychology, University of Kerala, Kariavattom…

Pages: 364-368
R. B. Jain (Department of Community Medicine PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana)
Anand Kumar Sharma (Department of Physiology MMMC&H, Kumarhatti, Solan, H.P.)
Sami Magray (Department of Pharmacology MMMC&H, Kumarhatti, Solan, H.P.)
Sumit Chawla (Department of Community Medicine MMMC&H, Kumarhatti, Solan, H.P.)
Bharti (SMO, WHO)
Inderjeet Singh and Vikas Gupta (Department of Community Medicine PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana)

Tobacco use is today's major public health concern in our country, which can be largely reduced by primordial and primary prevention. According to NFHS III, 57% of men and 10.8% of women use any kind of tobacco in India. To determine the prevalence and correlates of tobacco use among the rural community of block Beri, district Jhajjar, Haryana. This cross-sectional study was carried out during the period of September 2012 to August 2013.Multistage random sampling was used in this study. Asample size of 1080 was included in the study Appropriate statistical tests were used for analysis. The overall prevalence of current tobacco use was found to be 26.9% (tobacco-smoking: 26.4%; tobacco-smokeless: 2.7%) and it was found to be higher among males as 46.7% (tobacco-smoking: 46.3%; tobacco-smokeless: 4.4%) than7.2% in females (tobacco-smoking: 6.5%; tobacco-smokeless: 0.9%). Our study confirmed the high burden of tobacco use in rural areas and reiterated the need to address these issues comprehensively as a part of NCD prevention and control strategy.

Pages: 364-368R. B. Jain (Department of Community Medicine PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana)Anand Kumar Sharma (Department of…

369-373
Shivani Dangi and Y. K. Nagle (Defence Institute of Psychological Research, DRDO, Delhi)

The current investigation examined the association between six dimensions of personality factors and psychological wellbeing. The specific objective of the study was to find out the relationship between personality domains (Neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, Agreeableness, Consciousness and Honesty Humility) and Psychological well being. Further the study was also exploring the possibility of determinants of personality factors that contribute towards psychological well being. A total of 112 male students from various colleges of Delhi University were selected as participants. Personality factors were assessed with Hexaco Personality Inventory and Ryff' Psychological well being (PWB) Scales were used. Results showed that six domains of personality were significantly correlated with Psychological well being. Openness to experience, Honesty- Humility was found to contribute significantly to the Psychological well being among adolescents followed by extroversion. The Impact of these findings signifies that Personality plays an important role in determining individual's well being.

369-373Shivani Dangi and Y. K. Nagle (Defence Institute of Psychological Research, DRDO, Delhi)

Pages: 374-378
Naved Iqbal, Mehfooz Ahmad, Riyaz Yaqoob Wani, Sheema Aleem, and Abeer Abdul Majeed (Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative, progressive and irreversible chronic brain disease. It has an insidious onset; is characterized by gradual loss of cognitive and behavioral functions, and by affection disturbances, compromising the physical, mental and social integrity of the elderly. Present study examined anxiety, depression and psychological well-being among the Caregivers of Alzheimer's disease Patients. Sinha's anxiety scale, Beck depression inventory (BDI) and Ryff's scale of psychological well-being were administered on 20 the subjects in VIMHANS, New Delhi. The data were analyzed by using small sample t- test. Results demonstrated that significant differences were found between male and female caregivers on depression, self-acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, and environmental mastery dimensions of psychological wellbeing. Female scored higher than male on depression whereas, male scored higher than females on self-acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, and environmental mastery dimensions of psychological wellbeing. However, significant differences were not found between male and female caregivers on anxiety, purpose in life, and personal growth dimensions of psychological wellbeing.

Pages: 374-378Naved Iqbal, Mehfooz Ahmad, Riyaz Yaqoob Wani, Sheema Aleem, and Abeer Abdul Majeed (Department…

Pages: 379-383
Kuldeep Singh, Ajay Kapoor, Bikram Jit Singh, Sanjiv Gupta and Pramod D. (Department of Burns & Plastic Surgery PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana)
Sarita (Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana)

Burn is a major health problem that cause of mortality, morbidity and psychosocial problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of burns in this part of the world. In this prospective study 314 burn patients admitted in Pt. B. D. Sharma, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India from Oct 2012 to Sep 2013 were studied. Maximum number of burn patients were in the age group of 21-40 years (44.90%), with male preponderance (57.96%), 99.36% patients were belonging to Hindu community. Burn injuries were more from rural area (83.43%) than urban area (16.56%). 167 (53.18%) patients were with a family income less than 5000 rupees, 145 (46.17%) patients were literate. Most common mode of burn was flame in 53.50% patients, followed by scalds in 32.16% cases, electrical burn in 11.46% cases and chemical burn in 2.86% cases. No first aid was given in 67.5% of cases. Majority of burns occurred accidentally. In urban population, scald forms the most common type of burn in children (51.92%) and adult females (9.61%). In rural population flame burn is the leading type of burn in adult female (26.33%) and adult males (27.09%) while scald remains the most common burn in children (23.66%). TBSAburn was maximum in the age group of 20-40 years (43.48±18.99%) and minimum in 0-5 yrs age group (20.88±13.61%). Average hospital stay and mortality increases proportionately with the increase in TBSA burn. For implementation of an effective burn prevention program, study of its epidemiological features in a specified region contributes a lot.

Pages: 379-383Kuldeep Singh, Ajay Kapoor, Bikram Jit Singh, Sanjiv Gupta and Pramod D. (Department of…

Pages: 384-388
Sadananda Reddy (Department of Social Work, Don Bosco Academy Degree and P.G College, Nalgonda, Telangana)
Prasad K. (Department of Psychiatric Social Work, NIMHANS, Bangalore)
Nidhi Mehta (Department of Clinical Psychology RINPAS, Kanke, Ranchi)

Mental disorders are highly prevalent and have been associated with considerable suffering and impacts on emotional and physical health, functioning, and costs. Worldwide, epidemiological surveys have estimated rates of lifetime prevalence of mental disorders among adults and children ranging from 12.2 to 48.6%, and 12-month prevalence rates ranging from 8.4 to 29.1%. Recognizing barriers and their individual contributions to delaying or preventing access to mental health services is a key step to overcome obstacles. To assess barriers to access psychiatric care in children and adolescents with first episode psychosis. This study is cross sectional, hospital based, single contact, time bound study from June to December, 2012. Purposive sampling technique is used to select the samples of the study. This study is conducted at Out-Patient Department of Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (CCAP) of Central Institute of Psychiatry (CIP), Kanke, Ranchi. Respondents of present study were the primary caregivers of the patient. The tools were assessed on Socio Demographic and Clinical Data Sheet and the Barriers to Access to Care Evaluation (BACE) scale was developed in the Health Services and Population Research Department of the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, in London. The present study findings indicates that children and adolescents with first episode psychosis had moderate level of barriers having to access psychiatric care, children and adolescents had experienced more instrumental barriers, the reasons why people with mental ill health sometimes avoid or delay seeking help from health services are numerous and include instrumental barriers. Present study findings indicate that early recognition and treatment is crucial to improve illness course and prognosis and to reduce treatment complexity and costs for children and adolescents with first episode psychosis. Barriers to access, children and adolescents, first episode & psychiatric care.

Pages: 384-388Sadananda Reddy (Department of Social Work, Don Bosco Academy Degree and P.G College, Nalgonda…

Pages: 389-392
Anjali Malik, Sarvdeep Kohli and Pooja Sharma (Department of Psychology, Maharashi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana,)

Despite being aware of the harmful effects of smoking it still is prevalent all across the world cutting across regions, class and financial strata. Though a number of efforts are being made to educate the general public about deleterious effects of smoking but still smoking lures predominantly youngsters. Younger generation is thus facing the hazardous effects of smoking. Mental health is a state of psychological well-being, or an absence of a mental disorder. It is the "psychological state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioral adjustment". Smoking has been known to cause far reaching health consequences, not just at the physical level but mental level as well. Smoking is associated not only with the prevalence but also with first-ever incidence of mental disorders. The aim of the present study is to assess and compare the mental health of smokers and non smokers. So for this purpose, total sample comprising of 150 subjects in the age range of 22-28 years was taken. These 150 participants were divided into two groups Smokers (75) and Non-smokers (75). Tool utilized was the Mental Health Inventory. Results indicate poorer mental health in smokers. The study infers that psycho educative programmes should be made to address mental health problems of smokers.

Pages: 389-392Anjali Malik, Sarvdeep Kohli and Pooja Sharma (Department of Psychology, Maharashi Dayanand University, Rohtak…

Pages: 393-395
Kainaz Navzar Dotivala (Central Institute of Psychiatry Kanke, Ranchi)
Masroor Jahan (Department of Clinical Psychology Ranchi Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Allied Sciences, Ranchi)
S. Haque Nizamie (Department of Psychiatry Central Institute of Psychiatry Ranchi, Jharkhand)

This paper attempts to determine whether sociodemographic variables like residence, socioeconomic status, education, occupation and so on, have an impact on measures of executive functioning in the first degree relatives of those with Bipolar Disorder. 30 unaffected first degree relatives of patients with Bipolar Disorder of both sexes, between the ages of 14 and 50 years were selected. Executive functioning was assessed using the BADS battery which consisted of the Rule Shift Cards (RS), Action Programme (AP), Key Search (KS), Temporal Judgement (TJ), Zoo Map (ZM), Modified Six Elements (MSET); and the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX). Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, Point Biserial and Pearson correlation. Results showed that age, education and residence did have an impact on certain subtests of this battery. While Age was positively related to TJTotal profile scores, Education was positively correlated with MSET Total profile scores and Residence was directly related to Total profile scores of Key Search subtest.

Pages: 393-395Kainaz Navzar Dotivala (Central Institute of Psychiatry Kanke, Ranchi)Masroor Jahan (Department of Clinical Psychology…

Pages: 396-399
Tarun and Ramesh Verma (Department of General Medicine, B.P.S. G.M.C. (W), Khanpur Kalan)
Varun Arora (Department of Community Medicine PGIMS Rohtak, Haryana)
Manish Sharma and Shalini Singh (Private Practitioner)
Amit Arya (Medical Officer HCMS)

In several ethnic populations including the relatively non-obese Indian population, the android pattern of body fat, typified by more upper body adiposity measured as waisthip ratio (WHR) was found to be a greater risk factor for type 2 diabetes than general obesity which is calculated by BMI. Various studies have shown that central obesity is common in Indians despite low rates of obesity. This is probably one of the reasons for a higher prevalence of diabetes in urban area To study the Anthropometric Indices & their relationship with diabetes in urban population of Rohtak, Haryana. Population based descriptive type of epidemiological study, design adopted was cross-sectional. Urban field practice area with population of 57000, attached to Dept. of Community Medicine PGIMS, Rohtak. 1003 subjects were selected using simple random sampling through random number table. Various anthropometric indices estimated were Weight, Height, Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Hip Ratio, Waist Height Ratio. Fasting Blood Glucose estimation was done for detection of Diabetes using ADA criteria. ANOVA, chi square test, percentages & proportions. Out of 1003 study subjects, 81 were detected as diabetics & 103 were diagnosed as pre-diabetics. Mean weight of diabetics and pre diabetics was 65.77±12.94 kg and66±13.64kg, respectively which was significantly higher than that of non-diabetics 59.59±13.64kg (p < 0.001) implying a strong association of obesity with diabetes. Body mass index (BMI) was high in diabetics (26.11±4.31) as well as pre diabetics (25.68±4.98), classifying them as overweight as compared to normal BMI (22.99±4.20) in non-diabetics. (p< 0.001). Waist hip ratio was highest in diabetics (0.95±0.057) followed by in pre diabetics (0.92±0.069) and was least in non-diabetics (0.89±0.079). (p< 0.001)

Pages: 396-399Tarun and Ramesh Verma (Department of General Medicine, B.P.S. G.M.C. (W), Khanpur Kalan)Varun Arora…

Pages: 400-406
Bidisha Banerjee (Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh)
Bidisha Banerjee (Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh)

The present paper provides the historical background of inclusion of the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) and six interconnected phases have been identified. The paper also highlighted the controversies regarding PTSD diagnostic criteria along with its misuses. Moreover, the paper discusses the inapplicability of PTSD diagnosis criteria to different cultural and social context and tries to advocate the necessity of an alternative approach of research to understand the reality of trauma and its victim. By providing five exemplary works which have portrayed trauma differently from the traditional views, this paper tries to highlight the limitations of bio-medical model in non-western context.

Pages: 400-406Bidisha Banerjee (Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur…

Pages: 407-410
Pardeep Kumar, C.R. Darolia and J.S. Bidlan (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

This study was designed to examine the effectiveness of J. P. Das's PASS Reading Enhancement Program (PREP) in reading and spelling deficits and among PASS processes of children with reading disabilities. A sample of 140 students (9-12 years), 70 in control group and 70 in experimental group were tested on Wide Range Achievement Test 4 (WRAT 4) and Das Battery of Cognitive Assessment System in pre and post test conditions. Reading disabled children were diagnosed as scoring below 16th percentile on particular WRAT 4 and CAS subtest. The experimental group received PREP remedial intervention for 4 months and was retested on a parallel form of WRAT 4 and CAS. Results revealed that control group did not differ in pre- and post-test conditions in any of the areas of reading, spelling, and PASS processes. However, the experimental group recorded remarkable improvement in reading, spelling and simultaneous and successive synthesis (p<.001). The findings provide an evidence for the validity of PREPin improving upon these areas of deficit among reading disabled children.

Pages: 407-410Pardeep Kumar, C.R. Darolia and J.S. Bidlan (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

Pages: 411-413
Shabahat Bano (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

The present study examined the parenting practice (parental acceptance, parental avoidance and parental concentration) on adjustment patterns(home adjustment, health adjustment, social adjustment and emotional adjustment) in male and female adolescents. The present sample comprised of 300 subjects, 150 male and 150 female between 14 to 20 years of age recruited randomly from high schools and students in graduate courses. Here, a cultured family relationship inventory by Brunken and Crites (1964) and Bell adjustment rating inventory (Hindi form) by Hussain, (1969) were used . The result indicated a negative and significant correlation between scores of parental acceptance and the scores of home (r=-.833), health (r=-.741), social (r=-.717), emotional (r=-.650) and total adjustment (r=-.818) (in case of adjustment negative sign shows better adjustment), which indicates that those who were high on their parental acceptance were also high on their home, health, social, emotional, as well as on their total adjustment. Also negative and significant correlation between parental concentration and gender (r=- .147) at .05 level of significance were also found. However, parental concentration is not significantly correlated with parental avoidance (r=.031), home (r=-.059), health (r=-.085), social (r=-.093), emotional (r=-.018) and total adjustment (r=-.070) of adolescents. When mean comparison was carried out on male and female adolescents. It was found that, female adolescents scored significantly higher (mean = 45.48) than the male adolescents (mean = 39.25) on parental acceptance. Similarly, female group were also found to be more adjusted on all areas of adjustment and its sub-dimensions than male group. Moreover the present study has also revealed the role of parental concentration on female adolescents. The findings of the present study suggest that since adolescence is a period of transition and, parents play a central role in their process of adjustment. Perception of parental acceptance and warmth would make adolescents self confident and independent in cognitive and social sphere.

Pages: 411-413Shabahat Bano (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

Pages: 414-417
Sangeeta Kamath (Department of Psychology, Ramnarain Ruia College, Mumbai, Maharashtra)

College life of an adolescent is a mixture of challenges and opportunities. It involves different kinds of stresses posed by the educational and personal situations. An educational institution undertakes different primary and secondary interventions to help adolescents to deal with these problems. The present study was undertaken to study the role played by mindfulness-based program in building resilience, emotional intelligence and educational adjustment of adolescents. Students voluntarily participating in an eight session course of mindfulness-based program were compared on resilience, emotional intelligence and educational adjustment during the pre and post- intervention condition. The EG was also compared to a comparable group of students from the same institution, who did not participate in the course. Mindfulness based program was found to be effective in improving the emotional intelligence and academic adjustment of the adolescents. However there was no effect seen on the participant's level of resilience.

Pages: 414-417Sangeeta Kamath (Department of Psychology, Ramnarain Ruia College, Mumbai, Maharashtra)

Pages: 418-421
Pardeep Kumar and J. S. Bidlan (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of Naglieri's Planning Facilitation Method (PF) in mathematical deficits and among PASS processes of children with mathematical disabilities. A sample of 140 students (9-12 years), 70 in control group and 70 in experimental group were tested on Wide Range Achievement Test - 4 (WRAT - 4) and Das Battery of Cognitive Assessment System (CAS) in pre and post test conditions. Mathematical disabled children were diagnosed as scoring below 16th percentile on particular WRAT - 4 and CAS subtest. The experimental group received PF intervention for 4 months and was retested on WRAT - 4 and CAS. Results revealed that control group did not differ in any of the areas of maths and PASS processes. However, the experimental group recorded remarkable improvement on math computation and planning and simultaneous synthesis (P<.001). The findings provide an evidence of planning facilitation method's effectiveness in enhancing these deficit areas of children with mathematical disability.

Pages: 418-421Pardeep Kumar and J. S. Bidlan (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

Pages: 422-424
Karmvir (Department of Psychology, Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana)

The present study aims to know the relationship between emotional competence and academic performance of adolescents. For this purpose a sample of 100 learning disabled students (50 Girls and 50 Boys) were selected from various schools of district Rohtak. Emotional Competence Scale by Sharma and Bhardwaj was administered on them and for academic performance the current grading system was used. Statistical t-test and Pearson's product movement correlation method was employed for analysis of data. It has been found that there is positive significant relationship between boys and girls on emotional competence and academic performance.

Pages: 422-424Karmvir (Department of Psychology, Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana)

Pages: 425-427
Megha Tendulkar (Department of Psychology, SNDT Womens University, Churchgate, Mumbai, Maharastra)

The paper aims to ascertain the influence of the maternal coping ability on the adolescent coping ability. The methodology used was to correlate the maternal coping ability and the adolescent coping ability of the children. The tool used was the Adolescent Coping Scale on the sample of 244 adolescent children in the age group of 13 to 16 yrs and the same too was adapted for their 244 middle aged 30 to 48 years mothers. Results indicated that there was positive effect of total coping ability of mothers on adolescents. In other words if maternal coping ability was high the adolescents also showed high level of coping ability.

Pages: 425-427Megha Tendulkar (Department of Psychology, SNDT Womens University, Churchgate, Mumbai, Maharastra)

Pages: 428-430
Sanjay Gupta (Demonstrator in Anatomy PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana)
Ramesh Chand Jindal (MMIMSR, Mulana Ambala, Haryana)
Subhash Kaushal (Anatomy, MMIMSR Mulana, Ambala, Haryana)
Sudha Chabra (Anataomy, PGIMS Rohtak, Haryana)
Vipin Garsa (PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana)

Anthropometric measurements play importent role in the surgical practices and also it has been discovered that facial forms distinguish various races/ethnic groups. To treat congenital or post traumatic facial disfigurement in members of these groups successfully, surgeons required access to anthropometric databases of that particular region. Normative data of facial measurements are indispensable. to precise determination of the degree of deviation from the normal. The measurements selected for the study were intended to develop a satisfactory image of the morphological structure of the facial framework consisting of North Indian population. Measurements taken were face length, face breadth and relationship of these parameters was found out with each other and prosopic index was calculated. This data can be useful for experts in Anatomy, Forensic and other allied branches to see variations in different populations. On the basis of this study it was observed that In North Indian males and females dominant type of face shape is euriprosopic and mesoprosopic. The rarest type of face shape is hyperleptoprosopic In both.

Pages: 428-430Sanjay Gupta (Demonstrator in Anatomy PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana)Ramesh Chand Jindal (MMIMSR, Mulana Ambala, Haryana)Subhash…

Pages: 431-433
Neha Jain and Harish (Department of Psychology, M.D.U., Rohtak, Haryana)
Savita Ahlawat (Govt. Sr. Sec. School, Chiri, Rohtak, Haryana)

Internet usage has become quite common and highly frequent amongst the people at any age. There are studies indicating that chronic usage enhances some negativistic characteristics like anxiety, depression, loneliness etc. However, internet surfing is also a source of knowledge, thus boosting individual personality. Therefore, a study on the adolescents' subjects was conducted if internet usage is correlated with anxiety. Another parameter taken was self esteem. The selection of this variable was based on the preposition that enhanced knowledge should enhance the self-esteem. A total of 100 Ss were selected and given Self Esteem Inventory, General Anxiety Scale, and Internet Addiction Test. The age group was 16 to 20. The scores would be analyzed to find out the correlation of the amount of internet usage with anxiety and self-esteem.

Pages: 431-433Neha Jain and Harish (Department of Psychology, M.D.U., Rohtak, Haryana)Savita Ahlawat (Govt. Sr. Sec…

Pages: 434-436
Kriti Vashishtha (Department of Psychology, Manipal University, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

This study examined the relationship between attachment styles and academic performance of Indian college students. Six hundred undergraduate and graduate students from Rajasthan and Punjab were randomly sampled and assessed towards the highly demanding screening process. It was hypothised that those who show secure attachment style, show high academic performance than those who show other attachment styles (fearful, preoccupied and dismissing attachment styles). The data obtained was analyzed through 't' test to check the mean difference. For this purpose the tool which used was Attachment Styles Questionnaire (ASQ) by Van Oudenhoven et al. and marks in % in the class tests and assignments and teacher's ratings were calculated. Results showed that secure students showed significant difference in the academic performance/ score.

Pages: 434-436Kriti Vashishtha (Department of Psychology, Manipal University, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Pages: 437-440
Urmita Chakraborty (Department of Psychology, HMM College for Women, Kolkata)

Chronic illnesses represent conditions that are not normal in functioning. A complete recovery from such insidious conditions is unobtainable. Thus, a long period of care, supervision and rehabilitation activities are called for in such cases. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a chronic illness. Its many signs are taken care of symptomatically, but the core treatment remains undiscovered. The importance of culture will be taken into considerations in this context. Besides, the probable causes will be discussed through psychological models of affect control and self categorization. Asuitable management scheme will also be attempted in addition to this.

Pages: 437-440Urmita Chakraborty (Department of Psychology, HMM College for Women, Kolkata)

Pages: 445-447
Uma Rani (Department of Psychology, SPW Degree & PG College, (TTD) Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh)

The idea of promoting strength-based practice in community care organizations often creates an unexpected dilemma. Intuitively, the idea of focusing on the strengths of people is warmly embraced and considered to be a respectful and meaningful starting point in supporting positive change. However, the actual practice of identifying, acknowledging and working with strengths as a starting point for change is rarely experienced by those receiving the service of the community or health care service. Many practitioners from different professional backgrounds will claim to be working from strength's perspective; it is rare to see practitioners or organizations seriously working from an underlying set of values, principles and philosophy of strength-based practice.

Pages: 445-447Uma Rani (Department of Psychology, SPW Degree & PG College, (TTD) Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh)

Pages: 448-450
Nalini Malhotra and Ravneet Kaur (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

In today's world ,adolescence is a time of changes, exploration, and youth searching along with the time of worry and problems. The emotional intelligence represents a capacity of control and self-control over stress and negative emotions. Emotional intelligence is a potential risk factor in behavioral problems in adolescence years and the lack of balanced development of emotional intelligence in adolescents could be associated with a variety of internalizing and externalizing problem behavior. Beliefs play an essential role in human beings' life. Irrational beliefs are unrealistic reasoning process by which external events are interpreted and through which emotional distress is mediated. The effects of irrational beliefs are widespread, i.e., it is not limited to academic environment but spreads to other areas viz., social and personal. REBT (rational emotive behavior therapy) is being considered a comprehensive intervention that incorporates cognitive restructuring with emotions and behavioral application & recently introduced into classroom setting with adolescents. Rational emotive education (REE) is a preventive interventional mental health program through which children and adolescents can learn positive mental health concepts & social emotional skills. Rational emotive approaches aim at making irrational beliefs into rational ones, increasing the social emotional skills and enhancing self-esteem of adolescents. The inclusion of the focus on emotional intelligence as part of curriculum could lead to a variety of positive personal, social and societal outcomes. The present paper, highlighting the affective and emotional factors, focuses on the rational emotive approaches applied particularly to the problems of adolescents. The research on REE would help the policy makers and counselors to prepare appropriate counselling programs and workshops which will provide the preventive & intervention strategies in order to help adolescents reduce their irrational beliefs.

Pages: 448-450Nalini Malhotra and Ravneet Kaur (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

Pages: 451-452
Tarun Dagar, Ashish Singla and Varun Garg (Resident, Department of Forensic Medicine PGIMS Rohtak, Haryana)
Kunal Khanna (Demonstrator Department of Forensic Medicine PGIMS Rohtak, Haryana)
S.K. Dhattarwal (Department of Forensic Medicine PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana)

The ability to determine whether an individual has fired a firearm is of great significance in the investigation of both homicides and suicides. When the bullet emerges from the barrel of the gun, it is accompanied by a jet of flame, gas, powder, soot, primer residue , metallic particles stripped from the bullet, and vaporized metal from the bullet and cartridge case. These lead to what we know as Gunshot residue (GSR). The most widely used primer compositions contain a mixture of lead, antimony and barium. However, in the mid-1990s, cartridges free of all three metallic elements, primarily because of the threat posed by the 'Lead' constituent of the bullet to the environment as well as to the person firing the weapon due to the gases emitted during discharge of the firearm were introduced in some western countries. However, the availability of such type of ammunition posed a difficulty from the forensics point of view in detection of usual constituents of GSR i.e. lead, antimony and barium from the generally employed tests mentioned above. To deal with the problem of this new “eco-friendly” type of ammunition a new technique is under research called solid phase micro-extraction called as the 'Burleson Test' which can use a tiny amount of residue and uses a new method that can even identify components in newer eco-friendly ammunitions that do not contain lead or the metals other tests used for identifying residue.

Pages: 451-452Tarun Dagar, Ashish Singla and Varun Garg (Resident, Department of Forensic Medicine PGIMS Rohtak…

Pages: 461-466
Linu Sara George (Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal, Manipal University, Manipal)
P.S.V.N. Sharma (Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Hospital, Manipal)
Sreekumaran Nair (Department of Statistics, Manipal University Manipal)

Patients with Bipolar Disorder experience psychosocial impairment which can extent to all areas of functioning. Psychosocial interventions can play a major role in improving the overall functioning of the individual. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of psych-education on quality of life and disability among persons with Bipolar Disorder. The study was conducted among 50 persons with Bipolar Disorder between 20-60 years of age without any chronic illness in the Psychiatry wards of two hospitals in Udupi District, Karnataka. A randomized controlled trial with two group parallel design was used with a sample size of 50; 24 in experimental and 26 in control group. Four sessions of psycho-education was conducted for the patient in experimental group after the baseline assessment and the outcome was measured immediately after the intervention and at 1 month and 3 months. Repeated measure analysis of variance was used to find the effectiveness of psycho educative intervention on quality of life and disability. The difference obtained in the quality of life scores between the experimental and the control group was not significant (p=0.27). There was decrease in the disability scores of experimental group as compared to the control group but the change observed was very minimal (p=0.04).From the present study it was concluded that psycho-education is useful in the routine care of persons with Bipolar Disorder.

Pages: 461-466Linu Sara George (Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal, Manipal…
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