Indian Journal of Health & Wellbeing

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Marital adjustment and life stress as related to family environment of female customer care executives working in Call Centres Pages: 273-276 Sudha Katyal, Narinder Singh and Jaskirat Kaur (Govt. Home Science College, Chandigarh, Punjab) The aim of research investigation was to study marital adjustment and life stress as related to family environment of married female customer care executives working in call centres. The study was conducted on 100 married female customer care executives between the age of age group of 25-30 years, randomly selected from different call centers in Chandigarh and Panchkula city. Marital Adjustment Questionnaire (Kumar & Rohtagi, 1976) was used for determining the marital adjustment; Family Environment Scale (Vohra, 1997) was used for assessing the different dimensions of family environment and Life Stress Questionnaire was developed by the investigator in order to assess the level of stress in the married female customer care executives. Pearson's coefficient of correlation and multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the obtained date. The findings reveled that marital adjustment had highly significant positive correlation with the various dimensions of family environment and there was also significant negative correlation between life stress and various dimensions of family environment. Furthermore, multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that cohesion and recreational orientation of the family environment had revealed significant positive prediction for the marital adjustment scores. The findings have pointed towards the role of positive family environment for dealing with dual responsibilities and maintain harmonious adjustment at home for married female customer care executives. Pages: 273-276Sudha Katyal, Narinder Singh and Jaskirat Kaur (Govt. Home Science College, Chandigarh, Punjab) Read more Get Access
Effect of ’12 day induction training for ART/CCC counsellors’ under GFATM project in India: An in-depth study Pages: 277-283 Sibnath Deb (Department of Applied Psychology Pondicherry University, Pondicherry) Chirasree Mitra and Bishakha Majumdar (Department of Applied Psychology University of Calcutta, Kolkata) Jiandong Sun (School of Public Health University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia) The broad objective of the '12 Day Induction Training for antiretroviral therapy and community care centre (ART/CCC) Counsellors' was to impart knowledge and skills among ART/CCC counsellors with special reference to adherence, the medical aspects of intervention and the role of CCC and to study the impact of the training. The training programme was designed following the training schedule suggested by National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO). A group of 15 ART/CCC Counsellors from the North East States of India participated in the training. Out of the 15 participant counsellors, 10 were females while 5 were males. The training methods included interactive classroom lectures, group activities, role play and field visit. The resource persons for the training programme were the Master Trainers as well as qualified and experienced professionals. For evaluation of the training programme, pre-test and post-test design was followed and data were collected before and after the training using a Pre and Post Training Knowledge Questionnaire. A comparative analysis of pre and post training data demonstrates a clear trend of overall significant knowledge increase and skill development in all the 30 parameters, with small variations (p<0.01). Average score of the participant counsellors in the pre-training assessment was 19.0 while in the post-training assessment it was 38.5. The difference was found to be statistically significant at the 0.05 level. However, out of 21 knowledge areas there was no significant knowledge gain in about half of the areas while there was significant skill development in seven areas out of nine. Scores of pre and post training knowledge questionnaire were categorized into three grades i.e., 'Grade A' (score range: 41 60); 'Grade B' (score range: 21 40) and 'Grade C' (score range: '0 20'. Analysis of the pre training data demonstrates that out of the 15 counsellors, 9 and 6 were in 'Grade-C' and 'Grade-B' respectively. After attending the 12 day training, 7 counsellors had been promoted to 'Grade A' while 8 were found to be in 'Grade-B'. The feedback about the various aspects of the training clearly indicates that the training was highly beneficial and useful. In fine, it might be stated that the 12 day induction training for ART/CCC counsellors using the NACO modules benefitted the target audience to gain more knowledge, skill and confidence in delivering professional services to the beneficiary. Pages: 277-283Sibnath Deb (Department of Applied Psychology Pondicherry University, Pondicherry)Chirasree Mitra and Bishakha Majumdar (Department… Read more Get Access
Economic issues of street children and their families creating an environment that cause parents to push their children to take to streets Pages: 284-289 Haroon-ur-Rashid Rana and Hafeez-ur-Rehman Chaudhry (Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad) The article represent research findings regarding economic issues of street children in Pirwadhai, district Rawalpindi. This study explains that how the economic crunch creating an environment that cause parents to push the children to take to streets for their livelihood or supporting their families. Due to dearth of financial resources the families were unable to provide basic needs to their children. An average Pakistani family consists of five to six (5- 6) persons. With so many mouths to feed the basic human needs are not met and this causes undue rift, anger and frustration amongst the family members. Under the said situation family too is left with no option but to discard their children and push them to the street. Pirwadhai bus station is one of the places that provide ample work opportunity for these children. The street children could aptly be called to have a street personality where perception of the society is generally very negative and labeled the street children as Badmash (deviants) though all of the street children are not deviants. Most of the street children were found hard-working, not only struggle for their own survival but also assist their families in terms of financial support. The study takes into account the level of children's vulnerability crude everyday realities where day dawns but darkness of abject living conditions prevails. Pages: 284-289Haroon-ur-Rashid Rana and Hafeez-ur-Rehman Chaudhry (Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad) Read more Get Access
Health consciousness: The influence of personal correlates among exercise and non-exercise performing groups Pages: 290-295 N. V. V. S. Narayana (Department of Psychology and Parapsychology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh) Health consciousness (HC) is the tendency to focus attention on one's health, where individual lives with more health conscious have better quality of life. People are giving importance to maintain good health for better life style. The present study was aimed to examine the influence of personal correlates among exercise and non-exercise performing groups on health consciousness. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the extent of Health Consciousness present in the members of exercise performing groups. Health Consciousness Scale (Narayana , 2009) was adopted to measure health consciousness for this study. The sample was drawn from the North costal Andhra Pradesh. The data were collected randomly from the general population (Adults). The total sample of the study is 242 population (male=153 and female= 89). The obtained data from the sample were analyzed using the statistical techniques to examine the influence of Age, Gender, education and BMI on Health Consciousness Dimensions. The results indicated that exercise practicing individuals have more health conscious than non- exercise practicing individuals. The practice of regular exercise will increase energy levels, physical fitness and health conditions, decreased anxiety levels and likes to live in stress free atmosphere. The exercise group is maintaining good social relations, taking nutritious food, having regular health checkups and they feel responsibility for their health conditions. Pages: 290-295N. V. V. S. Narayana (Department of Psychology and Parapsychology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra… Read more Get Access
Influence of parental work status on the well being of children: A cross cultural study Pages: 296-298 Muhsina Lubaiba K. (Department of Applied Psychology Pondicherry University, Pondicherry) N. Hasnain (Department of Psychology Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi) Dhanalakshmi, D. (Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry) Studies on children and adolescents have been of great interest for psychologists for years. Research has been going on for long, on parent-child relationship and how various child rearing practices affect the growth and over all development of children. Nevertheless, child-rearing is a stressful experience especially in modern society with its fragmented values, dual parental employment, divorce and loss of extended family support. But no matter what, a good parent child relationship is essential for raising children with self-esteem & confidence and a sense of well being. The present study tries to find out the difference in well being of children with both working parents and single working parents across two different cultures. It was conducted on 120 boys -60 from Kerala and 60 from Delhi, belonging to upper middle class families and aged between 11years to 14 years. Children were asked to complete a PGI Well Being Scale. It was a cross sectional study and appropriate statistical analysis was carried out. Findings indicate that there was profound effect of cultural values on well being of children whereas the parental work status influenced the children's well being only in Kerala and not in Delhi. Pages: 296-298Muhsina Lubaiba K. (Department of Applied Psychology Pondicherry University, Pondicherry)N. Hasnain (Department of Psychology… Read more Get Access
Parent and peer attachment and psychological well-being of adolescents Pages: 299-306 Sandhya Ojha (Department of Psychology, S A K P G College, Parmanandpur, Varanasi) The present study aimed at studying parent and peer attachment and psychological well-being of rural and urban adolescents (age range: 16-20) of Varanasi District. The sample comprised of 200 adolescents, 100 rural and 100 urban of both sex (boys and girls). For the purpose of data collection Inventory of parent and peer attachment (IPPA) developed by Armsden and Greenberg (1987) and scale of psychological well-being constructed by Ryff (1989) were used. Result reveals that locale play an Important role in parent and peer attachment and psychological well-being. COM and ALdimension of peer attachment was found to be significant among rural and urban adolescents whereas all dimension of parental attachment viz COM, TR, and over all parental attachment were found to be significant in rural and urban adolescents except AL dimension of parental attachment. Further research is required to determine whether parenting and the quality of parent peer relationship play a role in determining how other factor such as peer influences and family environment contribute to determining adolescents psychological well being. Pages: 299-306Sandhya Ojha (Department of Psychology, S A K P G College, Parmanandpur, Varanasi) Read more Get Access
Effect of actual social support on the loneliness and negative mood regulation expectancies of senior citizens Pages: 307-311 Pooja Sharma and Anup Sud (Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla) As social support has been observed as a main buffering agent to the well-being of elderly. In the present study impact of actual social support (provided by the researcher for the period of ten days). has been compared with the control group that was exposed to only breathing exercise, given only at one point. Assessment of the efficacy of the interventions has been made at three points prior to intervention, post intervention and at follow up for both intervention and control group.The supportive intervention has been found to be effective in reducing loneliness and enhancing the negative mood regulation expectancies, perceived availability of social support in terms of number as well as perceived satisfaction with available support among the senior citizens. This reduction has been independent of gender differences. However, no such changes have been observed in the control group. Pages: 307-311Pooja Sharma and Anup Sud (Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla) Read more Get Access
Impact of marriage time and employment level on verbal aggression: A developmental study Pages: 312-315 Ruchi Kakkar and Aradhana Shukla (Department of Psychology, Kumaun University Campus, Almora, Uttaranchal) The present study was aimed at exploring the impact of marriage time and employment level of women on experiential verbal aggression in developmental perspective. It was contended that (i) variation in the marriage time would be influenced by the verbal aggression. (ii) variation in the age would cause difference in verbal aggression (iii) variation in employment level would cause differentials in verbal aggression. Two hundred forty women participants arranging between 30-55 years and they were arranged requirements of 3 way factorial design with four levels of marriage time, three levels of age and two levels of employment. 10 participants in each cell. This scale was constructed by Shukla and Kakkar and it deals with 26 five items reveling self appraisal of verbal aggression towards the spouse. Split half reliability of the test is .64 test retest reliability is .59. Obtained data analyzed by three way analysis of variance and interpreted in terms of marriage time, age and employment and it was found that (i) the effect of marriage time was not significant (ii) increased in the age caused decrease in the magnitude of verbal aggression (iii) verbal aggression was higher among employed participants than unemployed participants Pages: 312-315Ruchi Kakkar and Aradhana Shukla (Department of Psychology, Kumaun University Campus, Almora, Uttaranchal) Read more Get Access
Stigma-Devaluation Scale (SDS), for caregivers of the mentally ill in Goa: Konkani translation (Roman Script) and cultural adaptation Pages: 316-317 Jennie Mendes (Sophia College for Women, Mumbai) The purpose of this study was to translate the Stigma Devaluation Scale (SDS) (Link & Struening, 2001) in Konkani, and to modify it accurately to reflect the cultural parameters specific to Goa. The Cronbach's Alpha was used to measure internal consistency to assess reliability and was found to be 0.87. Construct-validity was determined by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The content-validity and reading level of the Konkani Stigma Devaluation Scale (K-SDS) was measured to be at the seventh grade or lower. It was found to be conceptually consistent with the original scale in measuring stigma perception among catholic families of the mentally ill in Goa. Pages: 316-317Jennie Mendes (Sophia College for Women, Mumbai) Read more Get Access
Demographic factors as predictors of acculturative stress among college students Pages: 318-321 Mohammad Ayoob (Department of Psychology, Government Degree College, Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir) This study examined the impact of demographic characteristics on acculturative stress in 219 (52.10% male; 47.90% female) Kashmiri college students who migrate Bhopal, Central India for receiving education. Measures used were Social, Attitudinal, Familial and Environmental Scale and Demographic Questionnaire. Results of simple linear regression analysis showed that acculturation experience, gender, friendship pattern, mother's education and previous experience of studying outside Kashmir were found significant predictors of acculturative stress for students. Implications for reducing the effect of acculturative stressamong Kashmiri college students are discussed. Pages: 318-321Mohammad Ayoob (Department of Psychology, Government Degree College, Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir) Read more Get Access
Experiences of adult children of alcoholics in love relationship: Are they re-living the past? Pages: 322-325 K N Jayakumar (Department of Psychology, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu) Capacity for love is a central component of all human societies. There is an assumption in much of the research that an individual's adult attachment style develops from the relationship that individual has with his or her own parent, the association between early relationships with alcoholic parent/s and subsequent behaviour in love relationships has rarely been studied. The experiences in love-relationship of adult children of alcoholic parents and non- alcoholic parents were studied by comparison. The purposive sample consisted of 200 college student participants who were involved in intimate relationship. They were administered Children of Alcoholics Screening Test and Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised questionnaire. Based on the cut off scores the sample was grouped into two i.e. a) adult children of alcoholic parent/s and b) adult children having non-alcoholic parent/s. When compared, the adults of alcoholic parents had experienced significantly higher levels of anxiety and avoidance in their intimate love relationships. Pages: 322-325K N Jayakumar (Department of Psychology, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu) Read more Get Access
Beyond rapport: The structure and process of intimacy in therapeutic relationship within a therapeutic community setting Pages: 326-329 Vijendra Kumar S.K., Usha Srinath and Hank Nunn (Athma Shakti Vidyalaya, Bangalore) The present article describes the structure and process of intimacy within the therapeutic relationship in Athma Shakti Vidyalaya (ASV), a therapeutic community for persons suffering from chronic mental illness. The community uses Reparenting model of psychotherapy (Schiff, 1969, 1970 &1975) and Transactional Analysis (Berne, 1961&1966) within the therapeutic community principles (Haigh, 1999) and guidelines (Keenan & Paget, 2007). The community emphasizes the clients' need for intimacy and attachment with therapist is required and can be maintained in a healthy way for over coming their psychological problems as well as enhance the personality and well-being (Kumar & Ravi, 2007; Srinath & Kumar, 2007). However, it is important to note that the above process needs to take place in a structured environment, which is conducive and facilitate the therapeutic outcome in a favorable manner. Therapeutic communities, due to their structure and democratic principles, this can be facilitated, maintained and achieved. Pages: 326-329Vijendra Kumar S.K., Usha Srinath and Hank Nunn (Athma Shakti Vidyalaya, Bangalore) Read more Get Access
Defense-Oriented reactions in relation to socio-economic status among adolescents Pages: 330-333 Neeta Gupta (Department of Psychology, D.A.V. (P.G.) College, Dehradun) The present study attempts to explore defense oriented reactions of adolescents belonging to high and low socio- economic status. The data was collected on 200 adolescents (100 boys and 100 girls) equally divided into two categories: Respondents belonging to High and Low SES. Bhardwaj's SES Scale (1999) and Mrinal and Mrinal's DMI (1998) were used to assess SES and use of defense oriented reactions of the respondents respectively. The results have revealed some significant differences in the use of defense oriented reactions of adolescents belonging to different social class. For example: 1. Girls of High SES were found to use more TAO and PRO than Boys. 2. Girls of Low SES were also found to use more TAO and PRO while boys of low SES were found to use more PRN, TAS and REV than girls. 3. Boys of High SES were found to use more TAO and REV than boys of low SES. While boys of Low SES were found to use more PRO, PRN and TAS. 4. Girls of high SES were found to report more TAO, PRN and REV while girls of low SES were found to use more PRO and TAS. Pages: 330-333Neeta Gupta (Department of Psychology, D.A.V. (P.G.) College, Dehradun) Read more Get Access
Effect of gender and type of Illness on perceived stigma and self-esteem in people with mental Illness Pages: 334-337 Ruby Charak, Samia Kohli, Eisha Gohil and Jaitte Vaid (Department of Psychology, University of Jammu, Jammu) Jagdish Thappaq (Department of Psychiatry Govt. Medical College, Jammu) Pallavi Sachdeva (Center for Adult and Continuing Education University of Jammu, Jammu) The stigma associated with mental illness leads to elevated distress and proves to be a hurdle in the path for treatment. The present study aims to assess the effect of gender and type of illness on perceived stigma and self esteem in people with mental illness. A purposive sample of 137 (53 females, 84 males) patients using cross sectional design was collected from Psychiatric Diseases Hospital and De-addiction Centre in Jammu City. The objective of the study was to assess whether there would be significant difference between female and male participants on the dimension of perceived stigma and self esteem; and whether there exists significant difference between people suffering psychotic disorders and those from neurotic disorders on the dimension of perceived stigma and self esteem. Two way Analysis of Variance was carried out. Results indicated significant effect of gender on perceived stigma but not on self esteem. Type of illness had a significant effect on perceived stigma but not on self esteem. Post Hoc test also revealed that the female participants perceived more stigma due to mental illness than males; and people with psychotic disorders perceived stigma more than people with neurotic disorders. While the stigma of having a mental illness can be demeaning in an unsupportive environment, it also reduces the chance of seeking treatment in an attempt to hide the presence of the illness in turn leading to worsening of symptoms. The need of the hour is to psycho-educate masses about mental illness and associated treatment procedures. Pages: 334-337Ruby Charak, Samia Kohli, Eisha Gohil and Jaitte Vaid (Department of Psychology, University of… Read more Get Access
Motivation to lead a vital tactics for today’s business leaders and entrepreneurs Pages: 338-342 Diljot Soin (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Punjab) The evolution of human capital management had brought about many changes in the way managers are selected, managed and retained. As a result, awareness of the evolutionary thoughts on leaders has emerged across the globe, and organizations are continually looking up for the right managers among potential employers who are intrinsically motivated to maintain the efficiency of hired skilled and efficient workforce by becoming driving energies behind them; and continue the value creation for business competitiveness. In this regard, this paper aims to identify the psychological correlates of intrinsically motivated leaders' who can set up an environment that enables talented workforce to remain motivated to deliver the services at their best and sustain excellence in the organizations under the conditions of uncertain economy, layoffs, swiftly changing technology, and economic recession. This paper highlights the conceptualizations of Chan and Drasgow's (2001) motivation to lead theory, Kark and Dejk (2007) topical concept of self-regulatory focus as fundamental strategies for understanding the bases of motivations behind effective leader behaviors. A look at the psychological characteristics of motivated leaders and the reasons behind their motivations to lead may have lot of practical implications for the corporate organizations such as Insurance, Banking, Telecom, Informational technology sectors in the selection and recruitment of motivated managers; predicting their effectiveness and persistence in the work roles assigned to them; and providing them with the necessary training to maximize and sharpen their skills so that they can become more effective in their work roles and move swiftly during the crises situation. Pages: 338-342Diljot Soin (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Punjab) Read more Get Access
Age, education and socio-economic status as related to modernism among women Pages: 343-344 Iram Feroz and Asma Parveen (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh) In the present study an attempt has been made to examine age, education and socio-economic status in relation to modernism among women. The random sample consists of 120 women, out of whom 40 women were within the age range of 20 to 30 years, 40 women with age range from 30 - 40 years and 40 women with age range from 40 - 50 years were sleeted from Aligarh City for study. Modernism scale developed by Francisco et. al,. used. Data collected were juxtaposed with each other and analyzed by mean of analysis of variance. Findings thus accrued revealed significant difference among three groups of women on modernism in respect of their age, education and socio- economic status. Pages: 343-344Iram Feroz and Asma Parveen (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh) Read more Get Access
A study to evaluate the Impact of supportive psychotherapy in the cases of HIV/AIDS Pages: 345-349 Jyoti Singh and Vijysen Pandey (AIPS, Amity University, Noida, UP) J. S. Tripathi (Department of Kayachikitsa, IMS, BHU, Varanasi) This study was aimed to evaluate the impact of Supportive Psychotherapy in the alleviation of mental ill health and adjustment problems of recently diagnosed HIV/AIDS positive people. For this purpose, a total of 40 patients were selected, Supportive Psychotherapy was provided to the participants after baseline assessment and two follow-ups at 15 days interval each were taken. The tools which were used in present study were Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire (MHQ) by Srivastava and Bhatt and an Adjustment Inventory by Tripathi. Apaired sample t-test was conducted and, there was a statistically significant decrease in mental ill health scores from baseline assessment to first follow-up and from first follow-up to second follow-up 26.63, and the same trend was found in the case of adjustment problems which compared with baseline assessment to first fallow-up and from first follow-up to second follow-up. We can say on the basis of the results that Supportive Psychotherapy is quite helpful for the HIV/AIDS positive people to cope with their mental ill health and adjustment related problems after the diagnosis of the disease and to improve their quality of life. Pages: 345-349Jyoti Singh and Vijysen Pandey (AIPS, Amity University, Noida, UP)J. S. Tripathi (Department of… Read more Get Access
Old age: Comparative study of urban and rural quality of life and erectile function Pages: 350-352 Thiyam, Kiran Singh and J. Mahto (Rajkumar College, Chhattisgarh) M.V.R. Raju (Andhra University, Vishakapatnam) Old age is a period when people move away from previous more desirable period or time of usefulness. In this study 73 samples were collected 35 from urban and 38 from rural and attempted to find out the comparison regarding the quality of life and sexual function of urban and rural old age population to help them in improving the quality of life and adjust well in sexual function in the best possible way. The study was conducted at Post Graduate Institute of Behavioural and Medical Sciences (PGIBAMS ) using specially designed socio-demographic and personal data sheets. The information was gathered from old age population using WHOQOL-BREF and International index of erectile function Questionnaire (IIEFQ) to know the quality of life and erectile function respectively. The result found no significant difference regarding quality of life (Qol) between urban and rural old age population but better result showed in urban old age population regarding sexual desire than rural old age population. Pages: 350-352Thiyam, Kiran Singh and J. Mahto (Rajkumar College, Chhattisgarh)M.V.R. Raju (Andhra University, Vishakapatnam) Read more Get Access
Effect of mindfulness and breathing exercises on physio-cognitive aspects of stress and well-being Pages: 353-357 Sandeep Singh and Soamya (Department of Applied Psychology, GJU S&T, Hisar, Haryana) Stress is the term used to describe the physical, emotional, cognitive and behavioral responses to events that are appraised as threatening or challenging. In recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest in more integrative stress-reduction techniques that attempt to address not only a person's mental and physical ailments, but also his or her interpersonal, emotional and spiritual needs (Eisenberg et al., 1990-97, 1998). Complementary and alternative medicine interventions such as yoga, rhythmic breathing exercises, meditation, relaxation, and chanting techniques have significantly reduced stress-induced psychological disorders (Gupta et al., 2006; Michalsen et al., 2005; Smith et al., 2007). The present study examines the effect of three months mindfulness training versus breathing exercises o1n physio-cognitive aspects of stress. The study was conducted on a sample of 30 participants (10 participants in each group) having high stress level with average age of 22 years. Intensity of stress was assessed with the Cohen's (1988) 14 items perceived stress scale and PGI Health Questionnaire by Verma (1985) was used to assess the physical as well as psychological wellbeing. Physiological Correlates of the stress were measured by Finger Pulse Feedback, EMG, Respiration, and Electro sleep feedback. Participants were randomly assigned to Mindfulness, Breathing Exercise group. Applying the pre post test design the intervention continued for the period of three months. The findings revealed that the mindfulness training, breathing exercises have threshold impact in reducing the stress and improving the well being among participants. Study also revealed the restoration of normal levels of EMG, respiration and pulse feedback in experimental groups. Pages: 353-357Sandeep Singh and Soamya (Department of Applied Psychology, GJU S&T, Hisar, Haryana) Read more Get Access
Psychological time: Interval length judgments and subjective passage of time judgments Pages: 358-361 L. N Bunker (Department of Psychology, J.N.V. University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan) A.K. Chaudhary (Department of Psychology, Govt. M.G. College, Udaipur, Rajasthan) Time perception encompasses different subjective time experiences, like: (1) interval length (duration) estimation, and (2) subjective passage of time judgments, defined as the perceived speed of time passage. This study aims to investigate and clarify the impact of task difficulty, temporal relevance and hedonic interest on both interval length judgments and subjective passage of time judgments. Another aim of the study is to investigate whether interval length judgments and subjective passage of time judgments are related. The results of the present study indicate that task difficulty and temporal relevance have a significant impact on interval length judgments. In terms of their interaction, the results show that when the task is simple, a high temporal relevance leads to interval length overestimates. Another major finding of this study was that subjective time passage judgments seem to be affected by the same factors as interval length estimation. In other words, results indicate that both temporal relevance and level of task difficulty have a significant impact on subjective time passage judgments. Also, we found a significant correlation between interval length judgments and subjective passage of time judgments, indicating that a longer interval estimate is associated with a slower perceived time passage. The results of the present study are discussed in terms of the attentional models of time perception. Pages: 358-361L. N Bunker (Department of Psychology, J.N.V. University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan)A.K. Chaudhary (Department of Psychology… Read more Get Access
Male differences among the normal and HIV-infected on the sub-scales of somaticcomplaints, anxiety, and anxiety-related disorders Pages: 362-364 Naorem Binita Devi (Department of Psychology, Mizoram University, Mizoram) Male differences among the normal and HIV-infected on the sub-scales of somatic complaints, anxiety, and anxiety related disorders were assesses in the randomly selected from the Manipur Population. Sample includes fifty for normal and fifty from HIV-infected patients. HIV-infected sample are those of drug abuse (heroin no. IV) and syringe sharing. Data are collected with the help of NGOs people working for the HIV-infected patients. For normal sample, data are collected from the Kakching area, Manipur. All the sub-scales i.e., conversion, somatization, health concerns, cognitive, affective, physiological, obsessive-compulsive, phobias and traumatic concerns are measured by Morey's (1991) Personality Assessment Inventory. Each sub-scales consist of eight items each (total items are seventy two). Results of the present study indicates significant differences on the conversion, somatization, health concerns, cognitive, affective, physiological, phobias, and traumatic stress. It further suggests that obsessive- compulsive has non-significant differences among the Normal and HIV-infected patients. Pages: 362-364Naorem Binita Devi (Department of Psychology, Mizoram University, Mizoram) Read more Get Access
A comparative study on types of stress and anxiety of division level players and trainees Pages: 365-368 Tanusree Moitra (Department of Applied Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata) The present study assessed the impact of various sources of stress and anxiety on the performance of a group of trainee and division level players. The data were collected from 100 young males (50 trainees and 50 division level players), aged 14-22 years. The 50 trainee group was selected from various school and colleges in Kolkata using purposive sampling. Whereas, 50 Ist division players were taken from various sporting club in Kolkata, where the players were trained to play national level games, using the same sampling technique. Results indicate that there exists no significant difference between both the groups on various sources of stress and anxiety. But a detailed analysis revealed that both the groups respond differently on various sources of stress and their level of anxiety. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings were discussed. Pages: 365-368Tanusree Moitra (Department of Applied Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata) Read more Get Access
A study of gender differences in self esteem, parent adolescent relationship and sibling relationship of students at secondary school level Pages: 369-373 Ashima Soni (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh) The present study examined gender differences in self esteem, parent adolescent relationship and sibling relationship in secondary school students. The sample for the present study comprised of 600 (300 males and 300 females) secondary school students of the private and public schools from Chandigarh and Mohali studying in tenth, eleventh and twelveth class. The sample was drawn using the random sampling technique. The private and public schools were chosen randomly by selecting schools in different sectors of Chandigarh and Mohali in order to have full representation of the students of tenth, eleventh and twelveth class across Chandigarh and Mohali. The inclusion criteria used for sample selection was that age of the students ranged from 15-19 years and students coming only from intact families and having at least one sibling were considered for the study. The tools comprised of Self Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1979), Parent Adolescent Relationship Questionnaire (Prinz , 1979) and Sibling relationship questionnaire (Furman & Buhrmester, 1985). Results indicate no significant gender differences in self esteem and parent adolescent relationship. However, significant differences were found on dimensions of status and warmth dimension of sibling relationship but no significant differences were found on conflict and rivalry dimension of sibling relationship. Pages: 369-373Ashima Soni (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh) Read more Get Access
Gender and community differences on anxiety and depression among college students Pages: 374-377 Anjana Bhattacharjee (Department of Psychology, Maharaja Bir Bikram College, Tripura University, Tripura) The present study was designed to assess gender and community differences on anxiety and depression among college students of Tripura. The study was carried out at Agartala and its suburban areas covering 200 college students, of which 100 were male students and 100 were female students. Further among them 100 were tribal students and the rests were non- tribal students. Data were collected by Basic Information Schedule, State Trait Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depressive Inventory. Findings revealed significant gender difference on anxiety and depression among the study subjects. This further revealed that male students were less anxious as well as less depressed than their counterparts. However, the present findings did not revealed any significant difference among tribal and non-tribal students in regard to their anxiety and depression. Pages: 374-377Anjana Bhattacharjee (Department of Psychology, Maharaja Bir Bikram College, Tripura University, Tripura) Read more Get Access
Role of family environment and domestic violence Pages: 378-382 Jaishree Jain (Department of Psychology, S.S.Jain Subodh P.G. Girls College, Jaipur) Arvind Jinger and Pradeep Sharma (Department of Psychiatry SMS Medical College, Jaipur) The epidemic of violence directed at women and girls constitutes a major human rights issue and a public health crisis. Around the world women are regularly beaten and sexually abused by intimate partners, family members, neighbors, and by people not known to them. Besides the physical suffering to women, such violence has a profound impact on women's psychological well-being, on their reproductive health and security of their families and communities. The study was aimed to evaluate the role of family environment in relation to violence against women. The present study was carried out on a sample population of 35 women consecutively attending Mahila Salah Suraksha Kendra, Violence against women counseling Centre Jaipur and same number of control group vertical taken from relative of these women with suitable inclusion and exclusion criteria. The two groups were compared for their following measures of Sociodemographic Proforma and Identification Data Sheet, moos family environment scale (Indian cultural norms as per end Hindi adoption by Joshi and Vyas, (1987).The results revealed that The case group woman have demonstrated significant less mean scores on all the ten measures of family environment scale (viz. cohesion, expressiveness, conflict, independence, achievement orientation, intellectual orientation, active recreational orientation, moral religious emphasis).It's suggest that case group women have come from poor family environment. Pages: 378-382Jaishree Jain (Department of Psychology, S.S.Jain Subodh P.G. Girls College, Jaipur)Arvind Jinger and Pradeep… Read more Get Access

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