Pages: 993-999
Anubhuti Dubey (Department of Psychology, D. D. U Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, UP)
Laxmi Vajpeyi (Department of Humanities, B.B.D. University, Lucknow, UP)

Self awareness or knowing one's emotions forms the key stone of emotional intelligence. People who excel in this are able to bounce back quickly from life's setbacks and upsets. Diagnosis of a chronic illness like diabetes is one such setback that upset the whole frame of reference of the victim. Therefore, the present investigation was aimed to find out the role of emotional intelligence in effectively coping with diabetes and evaluating quality of life. 150 female diabetic patients having type II diabetes were given the scales of emotional intelligence, coping and quality of life. The emotional intelligence was measured by the Hindi version of EI (Schutte et. al., 1998) contains two sub scales measuring ability to monitor and regulates emotion in oneself and in others. On the basis of EI scores the patients were divided into high and low EI self and High and low EI others. The ANOVA findings suggested High EI self and EI Others patients were using more active and adaptive coping strategies and less maladaptive coping strategies as compared to patients having low EI self and EI others. Both EI self and EI others have also significantly predicted physical, psychological and social quality of life. In addition, for fostering emotional intelligence a coaching schedule was introduced to low emotionally intelligent group of participants and results of pre and post coaching scores of EI indicated that for monitoring and regulation of EI self was increased. The implication of these finding for diabetic patients has been discussed.

Pages: 1006-1010
Deepa Ghosh (Department of Psychology, Netaji Subhas Mahavidyalaya, Udaipur, Tripura)

The aim of the study was to standardize an eve teasing scale for measuring attitude of the boys towards eve teasing. The sample size was 100. The original questionnaire consisted of 37 statements. After item analysis, only 21 significant items (p<0.01; p<0.05) were kept in the Eve Teasing Scale for boys (ESB). Accordingly, ESB was applied to the 100 students of different colleges of Tripura. Following the standard rationale each item was scored and the scores were summated for each of the seven categories. Then, the inter category of coefficient of correlations were determined and the said correlation matrix was utilised to factorial study utilising Principal Component Factor Analysis. The factorial study reveals that the total of 21 items were clearly Clustered into two factors. Factor I consist of three categories viz. girl's responsibility, improper socialisation and media's role and factor II consists of four categories viz., consciousness about the problem, feeling of security, lack of knowledge, boy's responsibility. The result of Principal Component Analysis of factorial study indicates that the eve-teasing scale has a good amount of construct validity. Then the reliability coefficient was determined by applying the Spearman Brown prophecy formula. The reliability coefficient of the factors I and the factor II were 0.788 and 0.841 respectively which designate the test as a reliable one. Later ESB was applied to a group of 280 male college students. Results (Mean=11.153; SD= 3.829) reveal that boys of colleges have predominantly favourable attitude towards eve teasing. Further the results provide some interesting cues about the concerned phenomena.

Pages:1018-1023
Ranjana Singh and Sonia Rani (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

The present study examined the relationship between parenting styles and personality. Sample comprised of 400 students (226 females +174 males) between the age group of 17 to 22 years (mean age-19.5 years) studying at various colleges of Haryana. Tools used for data collection were the (1) Parental Authority Questionnaire, (2) 16 Personality Factors Questionnaire, chosen after a comprehensive review of related literature. Subjects were contacted in groups and data was collected. The responses were scored and statistically analyzed. Pearson's correlation was calculated. Results indicated that Permissiveness dimension of Mother's parenting style is found negatively and significantly correlated with Abstractedness and Self Reliance. Authoritarian dimension is found negatively and significantly correlated with Emotional Stability, Dominance, Abstractedness and Self Reliance, but correlated positively with Rule Consciousness and Sensitivity. Authoritative dimension of Mother's parenting style is found positively and significantly correlated with Reasoning, Rule Consciousness and Perfectionism, but correlated negatively and significantly with Dominance, Liveliness, Social Boldness and Abstractedness. Permissiveness of Father's parenting style is found positively and significantly correlated with Rule Consciousness, Sensitivity and negatively and significantly correlated with Abstractedness. Authoritarian dimension of Father's parenting style is found positively and significantly correlated with Reasoning and Sensitivity, but correlated negatively and significantly with Emotional Stability and Dominance. Authoritative dimension of Father's parenting style is found positively and significantly correlated with Reasoning, Rule Consciousness and Perfectionism and negatively and significantly correlated with Dominance, Liveliness, Abstractedness and Privateness.

Pages: 1029-1032
Harprit Kaur and Manjot Kaur (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala)

Gender mainstreaming may well be the most basic strategy for the promotion of gender equality as was recognized by experts at Beijing in 1995. While it is the ultimate tool, but it encompasses a range of strategies which must cut across differential developmental stages, and consequently address the related significant areas. The first evidence of gender inequality is the early socialization; and hence the mainstreaming too must begin by recognizing the gender biases in the earliest parent child interactions. Parents are the most influential and effective socializing agents during the course of development (Sirohi & Chauhan ,1991). Researches show that family environment and child rearing practices, significantly affect the child's thinking, feelings and behaviour, and hence create the basic framework within which the consequent adult approach to life is determined. The whole personality of child can be moulded by parental interactions. Parenting style refers to a privilege or responsibility of parents to prepare the child to get along in the society according to cultural norms (Veeness, 1973). Further, the child's own perception of parental attitudes plays a very crucial role in his / her personality development (Rohner, 1990). So the child's perception of parental attitude towards himself /herself is of great concern in the dynamics of behavior. It provides new avenues of research for deeper probe in the domain of how gender inequalities get perpetuated; and are maintained as the gender stereotypes may become an inherent part of psyche by internalizing parental gender based interactional patterns. The present paper aims to analyze the parental relationship as perceived by boys and girls, with specific reference to their perception of fathering and mothering. The aim is to highlight the differences in the child parent relationship due to the gender of the child, with the ultimate purpose of identifying the domains which need to be addressed to mainstream gender equality as early as possible. For this purpose a sample of forty teenagers (twenty boys and twenty girls), with a mean age of 15 years, matched on age, education level, and socio- economic strata, belonging to intact families; were evaluated using Parent -Child Relationship Scale by Rao (1971), across ten domains of parenting, separately for mothering and fathering. The data was statistically analysed to understand the perceived perceptions for relationship with father and with mother across the domains, as also gender differences in the parental interaction styles. The results of the study and its implications for long term gender biases, gender based self perceptions, and acquisition of gender based adult interactional patterns will be discussed in the paper. Its significance for mainstreaming gender equality will be highlighted.

Pages: 1042-1048
Deepa Ghosh (Department of Psychology, N. S. Mahavidyalaya, Udaipur, Tripura)

The present study was conducted to compare the level of self-esteem, academic achievement need and depression of the tribal and non-tribal Higher Secondary school students of Tripura. This study further examined the relationship between self esteem, academic achievement need and depression. The sample comprised of 120 higher secondary school students aged from 16-18 years. Among them 60 were tribal students (Boys:30; Girls: 30) and 60 were non-tribal students (Boys:30; Girls:30). Self-esteem scale by Singh and Srivastava; Academic Achievement Need Scale by Tanwar and Amalnerkar and Beck depression Inventory by Beck were used to collect the data in the present study. The Sample was randomly selected from 6 government higher secondary schools of sub-urban areas. The data were analyzed with t-test and correlation. Findings revealed significant differences between the tribal and non-tribal students on the level of self esteem, academic achievement need and depression. Tribal students possess low self-esteem, low academic achievement need and more depression in comparison to the non-tribal students. Significant relationships are found between the variables of the study. The findings confirm the research hypotheses. The result of the present study can be used retrospectively for ensuring psychological intervention to improve the self-esteem and academic achievement need of the tribal students otherwise the motto of the government about tribes' upliftment would be a distant possibility.

Pages: 1054-1056
Roghieh Nooripour (Family Counseling Department, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran)
Ali Zadeh Mohammadi (Family Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran)
Mehrollah Sargolzaei (Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Zabol Branch, Zabol, Iran)

Every year many students are leaving their homes to go college. This brings new opportunities for individuals, but will face them to challenges and pressures like homesickness. India Universities in Asia attract large population of Iranian students and many Iranian graduated students in India Universities are working in Iran. This study examined the relationship between self-efficacy with Iranian students' homesickness in India. Research method was descriptive and study population was all male and female students who are currently studying in India. Through available sample, 100 male and female students (77 boys, 23girls) at Banaras Hindu University, JNU and Delhi University responded to questionnaires on February 26 (International Students Day at these universities). For data collection, Schwartz Self-efficacy questionnaire (1999) and Van Vilet's Homesickness Scale (2001) were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data, and the data were analyzed by Pearson correlation test. The findings suggested that self efficacy has significant and reverse relationship with "Nostalgia for family" and "loneliness" of homesickness's components, and has direct and significant correlation with "adaptation" of homesickness, finally there was no significant correlation between self efficacy and "the desire to return home"(p<0.05). By using of results of this research and studies have been conducted on homesickness, we can identify individuals at risk for mental breakdown which has significant correlation with poor academic and social performance in university to do timely actions for interventions in controlling stress and prevention from depressive symptoms and self-handicapping.

Pages: 1061-1066
Bhaswati Patnaik, Rojalin Samal, and Aradhana Panigrahi (Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha)

The present study was aimed at assessing attitude of parents towards the education and schooling of their children. The study analyzed the data from 145 parents, who had one or more than one school going children. Out of these, 116 parents belonged to tribal families and 29 families belonged to non-tribal families. The age range of the sample was 25-35 years, and they all belonged to Santoshpur village of Sundargarh district consisting largely of tribal population. A 23-item questionnaire was used for collecting data along with personal interview. The respondents were required to indicate their agreement or disagreement with each of the statements about children's education in a four-point Likert type scale, where 1 denotes strong disagreement and 4 denotes strong agreement. Mean scores were calculated separately for tribal and non-tribal samples, and for male and female respondents. The't' test was used to examine the significance of difference between tribal and non-tribal communities as well as across gender with regard to their attitude towards children's schooling and education. The findings showed that the overall attitude of the respondents was moderately favorable and positive towards schooling and education of their children. The results also indicated that there was no significant difference in the attitude of tribal and non- tribal parents. Gender difference was also found to be non-significant. The difference between tribal and non-tribal respondents was evident in their future plans to provide facilities for higher studies for their children. The study suggested that, although government endeavors at universalizing education has resulted in creating mass awareness and positive response towards schooling and education, there is a lot of scope for improvement in this regard. Future implications of the present study for policy formulation as well as for further research were pointed out.

Pages: 1071-1073
Neema Sharma (Pacific University, Udaipur, Rajasthan)
Sangeeta Khullar (M. K. P (P.G) College, Dehradun, UK)

The present paper aims to understand the relation of Anxiety and Subjective Well-Being in Male and Female Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) patients. Data were collected from 300 NIDDM patients, 150 males and 150 females from the age 40 -70 years. Tools used to collect data were- Subjective Well-Being Inventory ( Brinda Amritraj) and IPAT Anxiety Scale ( S. D Kapoor ) measuring 1) Q3- Perfectionism, 2) O- Apprehension, 3) Q4 Tension, 4) C Emotional Stability and 5) L - Vigilance. It was found that there exists a low but significant negative relation between Anxiety and Subjective Well-Being in NIDDM patients. It is seen that O (Apprehension) and C (Emotional Stability) are significantly related to Subjective Well-Being while the other factors are not significantly related to Subjective Well-Being. The analysis reveals that females reported a significant negative correlation between Anxiety (Q4, O, C) and Subjective Well Being while males reported a non significant relationship between all aspects of Anxiety and Subjective Well-Being. . Thus, it can be implied that 1) Anxiety has a low but significant effect on Subjective Well-Being in NIDDM patients 2) Gender influences the relationship between Anxiety and Subjective Well-Being in NIDDM patients.

Pages: 1078-1082
S. Viswanatha Reddy (Department of Psychology, SVU College of Sciences, Tirupati)

A study was carried out on 180 college going students (under graduates, graduates and post graduates) to find out the effect of gender, level of education and type of management on mental health status. Mental health status of the subjects was assessed using Mental Health Battery developed and standardized by Arun Kumar Singh and Alpana Sen Gupta. Results revealed that irrespective of level of education, women are better mental healthier than men, type of management does not show any significant impact on their mental health status and under graduates, graduates and post-graduate students differ significantly with each other. Post graduate students possess better mental healthier than graduates and under graduates.

Pages: 1088-1094
Sushmitha Amin and S. Gayatri Devi (Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu)

Parenting can be a pleasurable experience despite its inherent anxieties, worries, frustrations and physical stress. Raising a child who is mentally challenged requires emotional strength and flexibility. The child has special needs in addition to the regular needs of all children and parents can find themselves overwhelmed by various medical, care-giving and educational responsibilities. Whether the special needs of the child are minimal or complex, the parents are inevitably affected. The mentally challenged show behavioural problems and deficits in their adaptive behaviour in various areas, such as communication skills, self-help skills, socialization, application of basic academic skills to daily life activities, social skills, vocational and social performance and responsibilities, which lead to lot of stress and depression in their parents. The sample comprised of Parents of Mentally Challenged (N=100). The tools used were Stress Inventory (SI) and Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI). Means, Standard Deviations and ANOVA, Post hoc analysis were used to analyze the data. Results revealed that the level of stress and depression reduced drastically after Positive Therapy and during follow-up phase among the Parents of Mentally Challenged.

Pages: 1099-1103
Aparna Bhattacharya and Archana Shukla (Department of Psychology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, UP)

The purpose of the present paper is to highlight the threats in living and loving in the times of HIV/AIDS. HIV destroys the immune system and makes the body waste away. With reduced immune functioning come several opportunistic infections resulting in AIDS. HIV outside the human body is very fragile (easily destroyable); once inside, it is there for keeps. Nothing can then be done to remove the HIV virus. Once infected, the condition can only be managed with drugs. Since HIV is behaviorally acquired, its prevention is easy. To remain healthy and sero negative all one has to do is avoid indulging in high risk behaviors. Yet surveys indicate that HIV transmission rates have been increasing with some 33.4 million people currently living with HIV/AIDS worldwide. This paper reviews the changing social trends with respect to educational and economic development, permissiveness and independence, increased mobility, exposure to western egalitarian norms, inter caste/religion/regional marriages, varying sexual orientations and a preoccupation of youth with social networking sites. There are also an increasing number of live-in relationships, distant relationships, gay/lesbian relationships, one night stand, and relationships with multiple partners. Some of these changes could predispose one to indulge in high risk behaviors and thus become vulnerable to HIV and STIs besides falling prey to other social, emotional, and legal problems. Social change is inevitable. It is often desirable too. The need of the hour is to develop strategies for making informed choices and indulging in healthy responsible behaviors. The transmission of HIV and STIs can be prevented by awareness building, life skills training to adolescents and young adults, enabling parents to discuss gender, sex and sexuality issues with their young children in a non threatening environment. We must remember that with freedom, power and fun comes a great deal of responsibility. We need to adapt to the social change by engaging in safer practices. Moral values, self respect, problem solving and negotiation skills and informed healthy choices should therefore be every ones concern in current lives and times. Change is the way of life. Adjusting to the changing social scenario in a healthy and responsible way is the concern of the present paper.

Pages: 1112-1114
Deepti Dhurandher, Priyamvada Shrivastav and Bansh Gopal Singh (SOS in Psychology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chattisgarh)

The purpose of this research was to study to find out the role of personality factors in diabetes type2 management among male and female patients. Diabetes Management has been considered with respect to diet, exercise, glucose testing and medication. The summary of diabetes self care activities (SDSCA) by Toobert and Glasgow (1994) was utilized to evaluate self care practices of type 2 diabetes patients. Second order personality factor were measured, with the help of 16PFquestionnaire developed by Cattell. Second order personality factor were divided into four dimensions, which are Factor I (Adjustment vs. Anxiety), Factor II (Introversion vs. Extraversion), Factor III (Tender minded vs. Alert poise), Factor IV (Subduedness vs. Independence). Regression analysis was computed to analyze data, obtained from the sample of male (40) and female (40) diabetic patients, separately. It is observed that personality second order “Factor III” has significant role in determining the diet management among male patients. Second order “Factor II and IV” of 16PF contribute significantly role in exercise management and also “Factor III” for glucose testing management among female patients. The positive relationship on Factor III indicates that male patients who are enterprising, decisive, and resilient personality will be better diet management among male diabetic patients. The negative relationship on Factor II and positive relationship on Factor IV indicate that female patients who are shy, self sufficient, and inhibited in interpersonal contacts and an aggressive, independent, daring, incisive person will be better manage exercise and the positive relationship on Factor III indicates that female patients who are an enterprising, decisive, and resilient personality will be better manage glucose testing.