Pages: 419-425
Rashmi Rani, Arun Kumar Jaiswal and Lok Nath Singh (Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh)

This study was carried out to establish the construct, convergent and predictive validity of Hindi version of Marital Communication Inventory (MCI) in Indian cultural settings. For this purpose three hundred married couples with at least graduation qualification were sampled from Varanasi city of Uttar Pradesh following a multistage sampling procedure. All participants completed the Hindi versions of Marital Communication Inventory (MCI), Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS-H) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS-H).Principal components analysis of MCIHindi items yielded two factors with eigen value greater than 1.00. Factors rotated with Varimax criterion were identified as Supportive Communication comprising 12 items and Aversive Communication consisting of 13 items. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed an adequate model fit of two factors on 25 items. The psychometric properties of the MCI-H manifested good internal consistency with fairly high reliability and acceptable construct and convergent validity. Supportive Communication factor showed positive correlation with measures of dyadic adjustment as measured by DAS-H (dyadic consensus, dyadic cohesion, dyadic satisfaction & DAS Total) and satisfaction with life scale while Aversive Communication factor correlated with all these measures negatively. Moreover, no significant gender (husbands versus wives) and age (younger & older spouses) differences appeared for both supportive communication and aversive communication. The findings indicated that the instrument has adequate construct, convergent and predictive validity, thus, the MCI-Hmay be regarded as reliable and valid measure of marital communication for Hindi speaking Indian married couples.

Pages: 430-436
Raj Pathania and Madhur Katoch (Department of Human Development & Family Studies, COCS, CSKHPKV, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh)

The objectives of the present study were to assess the physical health status of children aged 6 months-6 years. The study was conducted in two blocks, viz., Kalpa and Nichar of district Kinnaur of H.P. From both block 20 villages were selected randomly and from these villages 250 children in the age group of 6 months-6 years were selected. A self-structured interview schedule was administered that included the background information, items on physical health status and anthropometric measurements were taken. Data were quantified using frequency tables and also percentages were calculated. Data were further analysed statistically by using t- test to find out the differences of anthropometric variables between the male and female children. The results show that (79.2%) were born full term. More than half (55.6%) of children were weighted after birth. Majority (71.9%) of the children whose birth weights were recorded were in the weight range of 2.5-3.5 kgs. (29.2%) did not give first milk to their new born. (31.6%) of children whose weaning age was found to be 4 months. About half (53.2%) of respondents were being visited after their birth by the health workers at home. Mean calculated height of male respondents (8.1 months-1 year) was quite less than the NCHS standard. Similarly mean height of children of 5.1-6 years was also less than the NCHS standard. significant difference in head circumference was found for male and female children in the age range of 8.1 months -1 year, 1.1-2 years, 3.1-4years and 5.1-6years Highly significant differences were observed for the head circumference of male and female children in the age ranges of 8.1 months-1 year, 2.1years-3years at 5%level and 1% level of significance respectively.

Pages: 443-446
Suresh K. Darolia (Institute of Integrated and Honors studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)
Rekha Rani (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

Psychopathologyis very common in people suffering with epilepsy (PWE), but possible gender differences are often neglected. Therefore, the present study was conducted to examine whether girls and boys with epilepsy differ with regard to anxiety and depressive symptoms. A total of 140 adolescent epileptic patients (males=70, females=70) completed self-report measures, i.e., The Symptoms Checklist 90-R (Derogatis, Yevzeroff, & Wittelsberger, 1975). Results showed that there are gender differences in three comorbidities. It was found that female patients have scored significantly higher on three subscales of Symptoms Checklist, viz., Somatisation (FG Mean=14.173, SD=7.265, MG Mean=10.560, SD=7.289, t=3.040, p<.003), Depression (FG Mean=14.93, SD=9.084, MG Mean=11.39, SD=8.391, t=2.284, p<.01), Anxiety (FG Mean=11.03, SD=7.423, MG Mean=8.41, SD=6.633, t=2.273 p <.02). It depicts that there were gender differences in somatisation, depression, anxiety; females had higher scores than males. Future intervention studies may show whether providing more information about the illness and treatment reduces the level of anxiety and depression. Our results suggest that such interventions should be tailored to the different needs of girls and boys.

Pages: 452-453
Kehksha ((PhD in Clinical Psychology), Department of Psychology, Dr. B R Ambedkar University, Agra, Uttar Pradesh)
Raies Ahmed (Resident Doctor, Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

Though discussing about sex in India is a taboo thing still it's a very curious phenomenon for people of every age group. In India it was very difficult for everyone to access information before1995 but post
1995 era opened the door for everyone to access the indispensible informationvia internet. Entering fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology paved the way for people and made it
easier to access any information within seconds. Now approximately 688 million Indian people have been using internet till January 2020 (Diwanj, 2020). Looking at the social media we found that Facebook
is the most popular social platform for Indians which is followed by Instagram and the majority of users on these sites are usually 18-24 years old youngsters (Dadhwal, 2016; Diwanji, 2020). The key concern of the day is the content preferred by this age group people. A survey indicated that India has become the hub of pornography and almost 30%-70% web browsing are just related to pornographic sites (Mohammad, 2016; Ghosh, 2020). Involvement of young teenagers on social media speculates that it has become the most powerful
weapon of self expression for them. This age group mostly preferred posts related to love and romantic relationship, communal hatred, political views and entertainment but the dark side of using these
platforms are being the part of predicaments unknowingly.

Pages: 456-458
Wolde, Abraham Kebede (Department of Psychology, College of Education and Behavioral Sciences
Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar, Amhara, Ethiopia )

Ellen Braaten, Ph.D., is the track director of the Child/Adult and Neuropsychology training programs at Massachusetts General Hospital and is on the faculty of Harvard Medical School. Dr. Braaten is a staff psychologist at the Massachusetts General Hospital's Psychology Assessment Center, where she specializes in
child neuropsychology. She has authored numerous scientific papers and chapters on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression, anxiety, and learning disabilities. She resides with her
husband and two children, Hannah and Peter, in the Boston area. Gretchen Felopulos, Ph.D., is a licensed clinical psychologist on the Massachusetts General Hospital staff in Child Psychiatry and its Psychology Assessment Center. She is also on the faculty of Harvard Medical School and has a private practice in Lexington, Massachusetts. In addition to her specialization in pediatric neuropsychology and psychological testing, Felopulos provides psychotherapy to children as well as parental guidance. She is a primary supervisor for psychology interns studying the process of testing, and she teaches many seminars each year to interns and residents on the topic of children and testing. She, her husband, and their three children live in suburban Boston.

Pages: 263-265
G. Parvathi (Counselling Psychologist and Certified Arts Based Therapist Practitioner, Chennai)

This article presents the case of a 17 year old boy diagnosed with autism and analyses how various form of art interventions and techniques played a role in his arduous journey of growth and development. As children, all of them enjoy and create various types of art. Children usually draw pictures or images in shapes, form and pieces of different objects, as they relate those things with various scattered images. Children with autism are no different from this, except the way how they relate with it. They will draw or mould things but it is difficult to form relatedness with the person or object. Here, we are going to explore the value of arts based intervention in a young boy who is diagnosed with autism in his development, growth and ability to relate to self and his surroundings. The importance of Arts Based Therapy (ABT) approaches and techniques as part of the therapeutic interventions and how an art can reach out to help to children will be discussed here. More significantly, how the children diagnosed with autism will be benefited from ABTinterventions also will be explored.

Pages: 253-255
R. N. Singh (Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh)
Shubhra S. Bharadwaj (Department of Psychology, Shri Gandhi Smarak P.G. College, Maltari, Azamgarh, ttar Pradesh)

i22Indian Journal of Health and Well-being 2020, 11(4-6), 01-01http://www.iahrw.com/index.php/home/journal_detail/19#list© 2020 Indian Association of Health, Research and WelfareISSN-p-2229-5356,e-2321-3698NAAS Ratings 4.13Keywords: asdWe have no known conflict of interest to discloseCorrespondence concerning this article should be addressed toE-mail: InMTikaram Keywords: To study y Indian Journal of Health and Well-being 2020, 11(4-6), 01-01http://www.iahrw.com/index.php/home/journal_detail/19#list© 2020 Indian Association of Health, Research and WelfareISSN-p-2229-5356,e-2321-3698NAAS Ratings 4.13SpgptaDyWe have no known conflict of interest to discloseCorrespondence concerning this article should be addressed toE-mail: ● ○■ ● Sr. Mean of Male Mean of Female SD of Male SD of Female Obtained t and significance1. 14.40 16.93 1.71 3.03 .600.05 levels- 2.00, 0.01 levels-2.66Table 1: Sr. Variables Individualistic Forgivers Individualistic Forgivers Individualistic Forgivers (Hindus) (N=30) (Muslims) (N=30) (Christians) (N=28)Mean SDs Mean SDs Mean SDs1 Decisional Forgiveness 49.66 13.234 56.90 11.991 42.98 6.4862 Emotional Forgiveness 50.13 9.098 54.03 9.384 45.58 10.061Table 1: Dimensions of study habits Family income Mass media exposure Participation in sportsConcentration .10 .16* .18*Comprehension .10 .17* .10Planning .11 .09 .08Use of e-resources .14* .26** .12Interaction .13 .20** .17*Study sets .10 .13 .06Drilling .06 .25** .11Overall study habits .10 .27** .16*Note: **Significant at 1% level of significanceTable 2: Correlations between income, mass media exposure, participation in sports and study habits of high school students (n=240)Note: ** = p < .05; N = 204 for all analysesThe purpose of this study was to compare the bronchial asthma patients with normal control participants. Agroup of 50 asthmatic outdoor patients with age range of 40-55 years was purposively sampled. Only those patients were selected who had not gone under long term treatment. The patients belonged to Jaunpur district (U.P. India). Agroup of 100 normal subjects was also sampled for the comparison purpose. The personality characteristics of both the groups were measured with 16PF questionnaire. The two groups differed significantly on A, C, F, L, N, O, Q1, Q2 and Q3 personality factors. This suggests that bronchial asthma patient group possess different personality constellation as compared to the normal participants. Results are thoroughly discussed and implications are also highlighted.

Pages: 239-244
Richa Mohta and Susmita Halder ( Department of Clinical Psychology, Amity University, Kolkata, West Bengal)

i22Indian Journal of Health and Well-being 2020, 11(4-6), 01-01http://www.iahrw.com/index.php/home/journal_detail/19#list© 2020 Indian Association of Health, Research and WelfareISSN-p-2229-5356,e-2321-3698NAAS Ratings 4.13Keywords: asdWe have no known conflict of interest to discloseCorrespondence concerning this article should be addressed toE-mail: InMTikaram Keywords: To study y Indian Journal of Health and Well-being 2020, 11(4-6), 01-01http://www.iahrw.com/index.php/home/journal_detail/19#list© 2020 Indian Association of Health, Research and WelfareISSN-p-2229-5356,e-2321-3698NAAS Ratings 4.13SpgptaDyWe have no known conflict of interest to discloseCorrespondence concerning this article should be addressed toE-mail: ● ○■ ● Sr. Mean of Male Mean of Female SD of Male SD of Female Obtained t and significance1. 14.40 16.93 1.71 3.03 .600.05 levels- 2.00, 0.01 levels-2.66Table 1: Sr. Variables Individualistic Forgivers Individualistic Forgivers Individualistic Forgivers (Hindus) (N=30) (Muslims) (N=30) (Christians) (N=28)Mean SDs Mean SDs Mean SDs1 Decisional Forgiveness 49.66 13.234 56.90 11.991 42.98 6.4862 Emotional Forgiveness 50.13 9.098 54.03 9.384 45.58 10.061Table 1: Dimensions of study habits Family income Mass media exposure Participation in sportsConcentration .10 .16* .18*Comprehension .10 .17* .10Planning .11 .09 .08Use of e-resources .14* .26** .12Interaction .13 .20** .17*Study sets .10 .13 .06Drilling .06 .25** .11Overall study habits .10 .27** .16*Note: **Significant at 1% level of significanceTable 2: Correlations between income, mass media exposure, participation in sports and study habits of high school students (n=240)Note: ** = p < .05; N = 204 for all analysesMenopause involves the permanent cessation of menstruation resulting from the loss of ovarian follicular activity. Post-menopause is defined as the period dating from the final menstrual period (FMP). Certain symptoms that are often part of post-menopause, and are collectively called 'Post-Menopausal Syndrome' include vasomotor symptoms, urogenital atrophy, osteoporosis, depression, sexual dysfunction, cognitive and sleep disturbances. The age at which menopause will take place, is influenced by genetic and environmental factors and also differs across cultures. Thus, although, this is a biological process, these changes do not occur in isolation rather is surrounded by psychological, social and cultural variables. All of which have significant impact on women's life; including their perceptions, experiences, coping and overall health. Taking this into account, the present study aims to explore the perceptions regarding self and experience of intimacy in post-menopausal women. The study compares women in the age group of 45-55 years, who are in the post-menopausal stage and women aged between 30 - 40 years who are in the menstruation stage. Findings suggests significant difference between the two groups.

Pages: 227-234
N. Annalakshmi, K. Arthe, and K. Keerthana (Department of Psychology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)

Social scientists have an essential role in examining the human aspects of climate change. Individual differences can influence how one responds to issues related to climate change. The present study aims at understanding the psychological factors that predict attitude towards climate change among youth. Asurvey on personality and attitude towards climate change was completed by 200 young adults in the age group 18 to 25 years. Personality was assessed in terms of HEXACO personality factors. Regression analysis that was used to analyze the data revealed that the personality traits namely honesty-humility and openness to experience positively predicted climate change beliefs. Climate change intentions were positively predicted by honesty-humility, extraversion, and negatively predicted by agreeableness and conscientiousness. The findings of the study have implications for sensitizing youth towards climate change.

Pages: 218-221
Nishant Choudhary(Psychiatry, PBM Hospital, Bikaner, Rajasthan)
Radha Sain(Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Middle age is the period of human adulthood that precede the onset of old age. In middle age, the relative potencies of past, present, and future are changed as the person increasingly directs effort to the process of recollection of the past, rather than expectation of the future. In the middle age most of couples experience empty nest stage, it is a event in which parents experience feelings of sadness and loss when the last child leaves home. When their children leave home for the study, parents have to stay home alone without routine activities with their children. Indeed, empty nest stage having positive and negative effects on previously happy marital relationships, but they used some coping strategies for the came out from the negative emotions. In the study marital adjustment, coping strategies and empty nest syndrome scale has been used for this purpose. To fulfill these objectives, 80 couples (male-female) those living without children were selected from metro cities through purposive sampling method. Present study shows negative correlation between empty nest and marital adjustment in females and positive correlation found with coping strategies in male and females.

Pages: 209-214
Olorunfunmi I. Solana, Opeoluwa C. Ogunwale, Gafar B. Ogungbayi45Yewande O. Uthman-Akinhanmi (Department of Home Science and Hospitality Management, College of Agricultural Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P.M.B. 0012, 1,2,3,45Ayetoro, Ogun State, Nigeria)
Ibikunle F. Olaleru (Farming System Research Program, National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria)

This study assessed the prevalence of obesity in Yewa Community among children aged 5 – 12 years. This incidence began ignorantly and is likely to continue through adulthood with histories and higher risk of non-communicable diseases. The dietary requirement variations from person to person also depended on age, gender, lifestyle and degree of physical activity. Hence, a cross-sectional study using multi-stage random sampling was carried out using a structured questionnaire administered with the authorizations of children's parents and Community Health Unit of Yewa North Local Government. Data collected from 126 respondents were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0, from which the prevalence of obesity revealed 23.8% obese while only 33.3% had normal weight and 38.9% of the obese were family hereditary. An excellent percentage of children (91.3%) were fed breakfast daily. There was a significant relationship between the dietary pattern of the children (5 – 12 years) and the socio-economic characteristics of the subjects parents (p < 0.05), as well as with between dietary pattern and the prevalence of obesity of children. The psychological evaluation indicates that 66.7% of the children and also the parents were ready to make changes to manage their weight, while only 31.0% of the parents are concerned about obese children.

Pages: 201-203
Roopali Das (Department of Psychology, Bharati College, University of Delhi, New Delhi and Jain University, Bangalore, Karnataka)

i22Indian Journal of Health and Well-being 2020, 11(4-6), 01-01http://www.iahrw.com/index.php/home/journal_detail/19#list© 2020 Indian Association of Health, Research and WelfareISSN-p-2229-5356,e-2321-3698NAAS Ratings 4.13Keywords: asdWe have no known conflict of interest to discloseCorrespondence concerning this article should be addressed toE-mail: InMTikaram Keywords: To study y Indian Journal of Health and Well-being 2020, 11(4-6), 01-01http://www.iahrw.com/index.php/home/journal_detail/19#list© 2020 Indian Association of Health, Research and WelfareISSN-p-2229-5356,e-2321-3698NAAS Ratings 4.13SpgptaDyWe have no known conflict of interest to discloseCorrespondence concerning this article should be addressed toE-mail: This article is an attempt to discusses the underlying psychological aspects of Depression and Anxiety from a Psycho-Spiritual Perspective. The conventional literature classifies these as disorders of the human mind which resultsfromneurobiologicaldisturbances,whereasthepsycho-spiritualknowledgequalifiesthemasan opportunity for growth of the being. Drawing from the earlier Yoga traditions and largely from Sri Aurobindo's Integral Yoga Psychology, the article explores the understanding of a human being in terms of not just to a limited mind-body conglomeration, but as a conscious being essentially spiritual, operating at different levels of consciousness in a sync with nature. The mind, body and emotions are the functions of consciousness through which we interact with our environment, with the ego forming the epicentre of personality which acts as the reference point for all these interactions. It is a fresh take on exploring psychological disorders and construing their rightful place in the development of an individual's personality through the course of life.

Pages: 191-194
M. R. Deeksha (Department of Psychology, SDM PG College, Ujire, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka)
Varsha A. Malagi (Department of PG Studies and Research Psychology, SDM PG College, Ujire, Karnataka)

Perceived social support is about the perception of whether the significant other, family and friends are adequately supporting them in their needs and deeds. Musicians and dancers belong to the genre of performing arts which involve conveying of artistic expression through bodily movements. The main objective of the study is to find if there is any difference in the level of perceived social support among musicians and dancers. The research examined perceived social support using Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support This research involved 103 participants aged from 18 to 45 years. The results indicated that there is no significant difference in the level of perceived social support between musicians and dancers. According to the mean scores, there is higher perceived social support among female musicians and male dancers. There is higher perceived social support from family among musicians and dancers.