Indian Journal of Health & Wellbeing

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Impact of Yoga-based Interventions as an Integrative Approach during COVID-19: A Review Pages: 292-297 Dimple Rawat1, Avishek Roy2, Arti Gulati3, Vivek Shankar4, and Anshu Sharma5 (Clinical Epidemiology Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi1,3, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi2, Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi4, and Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi5) The second wave of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has wreaked havoc across the globe resulting in 3,985,022 case fatality till 06.07.2021. Due to the overburdened nature of our health care system, a sudden increase in demand for medical attention, especially, with the fast-growing number of cases every day, the present review aims to highlight the importance of yoga-based interventions as an integrative approach during COVID-19 as an add-on therapy for the treatment. A review was carried out to summarize the impact of yoga-based interventions during the pandemic COVID-19. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed from the inception of the COVID-19 pandemic till April 2021 to identify all the relevant studies. A total of 8 studies were included in the present review, which analysed heterogeneous effects of yogic exercise and breathing therapies on multitude of health benefits like respiratory muscle training, reduction of stress and depression and improvement of quality of life. This review suggests the incorporation of complementary therapies (yoga, meditation, & pranayama) for overall health improvement and well-being of patients diagnosed with COVID-19, healthcare providers, and the general public. Pages: 292-297Dimple Rawat1, Avishek Roy2, Arti Gulati3, Vivek Shankar4, and Anshu Sharma5 (Clinical Epidemiology Unit… Read more Get Access
Does a Comprehensive Counselling Program Change Dietary Adherence among Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients? Pages: 298-303 Bhavana Shailendranath, Prashant G. Kedlaya, and Renuka Sathish (Department of Nephrology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka) Nutritional health of an individual is identified by their wellness guide and eating pattern. An evaluation of knowledge regarding renal dietary regimen and adequacy of 'energy and protein' in the diet among hemodialysis (HD) patients was conducted. Dietary intake, knowledge level to comprehend eating pattern and subjective global assessment (SGA) rating was used to determine nutritional status. A three monthly follow up for a year was performed on 90 patients who were either on twice or thrice weekly HD regimen. Knowledge on renal dietary and fluid regimen improved from 8% at pre-test to 59% at post-test which showed concurrence to adherence. Consumption of energy and protein enriched foods supported our patients to achieve a well-nourished nutritional status (81%) assessed through SGA scoring. To improve the nutrition status and awareness on renal dietary regimen among maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) population there is a need for a planned patient associated education intervention. Pages: 298-303Bhavana Shailendranath, Prashant G. Kedlaya, and Renuka Sathish (Department of Nephrology, St. John’s Medical… Read more Get Access
“Asocial” Virus in the Social World: A Comparative Study of the Internet Usage and Psychological States before and during COVID-19 Pandemic Pages: 304-309 Rumana Sanam and Roomana N. Siddiqui (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Uttar Pradesh) The study aims to find out the changes in internet usage mainly screen time and online activities, health information seeking behavior and various psychological states during COVID-19. The sample consists of 300 participants. The age range is 15-62 year, mean age is 27.41. The study was conducted during the nationwide lockdown in India. The data was analyzed with t-test and percentage difference analysis. The present study suggests that there has been an increase of screen time which indicates towards sedentary lifestyle. Preference to use internet to carry day to day work has increased including its use for variety of purposes. Increase in anxiety and depression during the pandemic was found. The findings suggest that there is a need for educating people about maintaining healthy lifestyle and avoiding sedentary behavior. There is also need for psycho educating people and provide them with mental health services. Pages: 304-309Rumana Sanam and Roomana N. Siddiqui (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Uttar Pradesh) Read more Get Access
The Virus that Locked the Country: Effects of Lockdown due to Covid-19 on Affect, Anxiety and Stress of People Across India Pages: 310-315 Arjita Jhingran, Sanyukta Agrawal, and Meetu Khosla (Department of Psychology, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi) This present study aims to assess the mental health of the people in response to COVID outbreak and how lockdown brings about a change in affect, perceived stress, and anxiety of people in Indian. The data was collected using PANAS (Watson, 1988); Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, 1988); and Beck's Anxiety Inventory (Beck, Brown, & Steer, 1998) from 600 participants including both males and females which encompasses students, working and non-working individuals in the age range of 15-60 years. Results indicated significant differences in affect, perceived stress and anxiety across age. Younger people reported more negative affect (NA), anxiety and perceived stress as compared to older people. Women reported experienced significantly more stress than men. There were significant positive correlations of NA with stress and anxiety. Positive affect was significantly negatively correlated with NA, anxiety and stress. Anxiety and perceived stress were also found to be correlated significantly in a positive relationship. The study has important implications for designing mental health management programs for people experiencing psychological distress due to the pandemic at community level by involving the policy makers and health care practitioners. Pages: 310-315Arjita Jhingran, Sanyukta Agrawal, and Meetu Khosla (Department of Psychology, Daulat Ram College, University… Read more Get Access
Stressors Encountered and Coping Strategies Applied by Work from Home Couples during COVID-19 Pandemic Pages: 316-321 Monika Rikhi and Harshita Johar (Department of Applied Psychology, Sri Aurobindo College (Eve), University of Delhi, Delhi) The aim of this study was to examine and understand the stressors encountered by males and females, how they vary and coping strategies applied by work from home couples during Covid-19 pandemic. A sample of the Delhi-NCR population was interviewed on their experience of the stress while working from home the lockdown. 40 couples from the region were taken from ages 29-45 years, with 9-5 private jobs and working from home. The study results show a variation in numbers of stressors faced by males which seems to be more than females. The coping strategies were also examined. Pages: 316-321Monika Rikhi and Harshita Johar (Department of Applied Psychology, Sri Aurobindo College (Eve), University… Read more Get Access
Assessment of Counseling Needs and their Correlation with Friendship Patterns among Adolescents Pages: 322-328 Vanika and Seema Sharma (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, PAU, Ludhiana, Punjab) Guidance and counseling needs of adolescents are those needs necessary to resolve their problems which they experience in day to day life, help to improve their personal development and encourage individual welfare. Friendship is the warp and woof of the social fabric. It does not merely bind society together but provides essential emotional sustenance, buffering against stress and preserving physical and mental health. To assess the provision status of counseling services and identify and compare the counseling needs and friendship patterns of adolescents in government and private schools among adolescents in private and government schools of Ludhiana city. The study was conducted on 240 adolescents (120 government & 120 private). Psychological Counseling Needs Scale by Chouhan and Arora (2009) was used to assess the counseling needs. Dimensions of Friendship Scale by Chandna and Chadha (1986) was used to assess the friendship patterns among adolescents. A self structured questionnaire was used to assess the provision status of guidance and counseling services to adolescents. The results revealed that there was inadequacy of counselor in the government schools. Government school adolescents significantly showed high requirement for psychological counseling needs as compared to private school adolescents. Irrespective of the gender and type of school, results of correlation analysis revealed that the adolescents who have better friendships are in lesser need of counseling services. Pages: 322-328Vanika and Seema Sharma (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, PAU, Ludhiana, Punjab) Read more Get Access
Sensation Seeking Behaviour among Young Adults of Different Birth Orders Pages: 329-333 Tanuja S. (Department of Psychology, SDM PG Centre, Ujire, Karnataka) Sensation seeking behaviour is search for the experience and feelings which are varied, novel and complex. This is one of the key personality traits usually associated with high-risk sexual activities (Houle, Fejfar, & miller, 2000). The theoretical underpinning for its association with risk taking is based on the presumed excitement and arousal that can be provided to sensation seekers by specific stimulating experiences, most of which necessarily involve a high element of risk (Zuckerman, 2007). The present study aimed at finding out the differences in the level of sensation seeking behaviour among young adults of different birth order. A purposive sample of 132 young adults (33 from each birth order) were considered for the study. Sensation seeking Scale V was used to determine the levels of sensation seeking in the participants. One way ANOVA was used to analyse the differences in the variables. The results of the study indicated that there is a significant difference between sensation seeking behaviour among young adults of different birth order. Pages: 329-333Tanuja S. (Department of Psychology, SDM PG Centre, Ujire, Karnataka) Read more Get Access
Do You See What I See: Exploring the Role of Personality in Emotion Recognition using a Priming Paradigm Pages: 334-338 Parama Gupta1, Deepshikha Ray2, and Sukanto Sarkar3 (Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal1,2 and Additional Professor of Psychiatry, AIIMS, Kalyani, West Bengal3) The current study explored the mediating role of Neuroticism and Psychoticism involving young adult healthy participants who performed a facial emotion recognition task. There were 4 conditions of exposure to a facial expression prime with negative (anger, sad, fear) emotional valence or neutral valence; when the primes are either presented subliminally or supraliminally. A software SublimiX was used to generate subliminal stimuli and present the priming task. The facial expressions with relevant emotional valence were created using a software called FaceGen Modeller. General health Questionnaire was administered to screen psychiatric morbidity in the participants. Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire was administered to measure the Neuroticism and Psychoticism of participants. The results revealed (i) significant association between nature of supraliminal prime and response categories and (ii) neuroticism scores significantly predict the response categorization when prime is supraliminal and neutral. Findings were discussed in the light of the mediating role of personality traits in visual perception. Pages: 334-338Parama Gupta1, Deepshikha Ray2, and Sukanto Sarkar3 (Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata… Read more Get Access
Effect of Hyperuricaemia on Perinatal Outcome in Preeclampsia Pages: 339-343 Sumitra Thapa and Anuja Joshi (Armed Police Hospital, Balambu, Kathmandu, Nepal) Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are among the commonest medical disorders causing morbidity and mortality during pregnancy. In preeclampsia raised uric acid concentration takes place after decreased uric acid clearance. It is assumed that hyperuricaemia is an indication of renal cortical blood flow dysfunction which parallels the decreased perfusion of placenta. Rise in serum uric acid is frequently earlier than any other renal parameter. A prospective hospital based cross sectional comparative study was carried out in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital from 14th April 2019-13th April 2020. Hundred pregnant women diagnosed as pre-eclampsia were enrolled for the study. Based on serum uric acid level the pre-eclampsia patients were divided into 2 groups. Group A (n=47) with serum uric acid level < 5.5 mg% and Group B (n=53) ≥ 5.5mg%. Perinatal outcome was compared in both groups. Prevalence of pre-eclampsia was 2.63% among which 29 cases were severe and 71 were mild pre-eclampsia. The prevalence of hyperuricaemia in pre-eclampsia patients was 53% and hyperuricaemia was found significantly more in severe pre-eclampsia. Pre-eclampsia was commonly seen in the age group of 21- 25 years (38%) and more in primigravida (58%). Overall prevalence of pre-eclampsia was 2.63% and prevalence of hyperuricaemia was 53% in pre-eclampsia. Adverse perinatal outcome was more in hyperuricaemic group. Thus serum uric acid level serves to identify the severity of pre-eclampsia and increasing level suggests the risk of developing worse adverse perinatal outcome Pages: 339-343Sumitra Thapa and Anuja Joshi (Armed Police Hospital, Balambu, Kathmandu, Nepal) Read more Get Access
Impact of Obesity on Live Birth among Women Undergoing IVF/ICSI: A Meta-Analysis Pages: 344-353 Sarthak Gulati1, Dimple Rawat2, Shreya Gulati3, Rinchen Zangmo4, Arti Gulati5, Mahesh Kumar Seth6 Aradhana Kumari7, and Amit Kumar8 (Department of Orthopedics, J.J.M Medical College, Davanagere, Karnataka1, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi2,5,6,7, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi3, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi4, and Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi8) In the past few decades a worldwide increase is observed in obesity prevalence among women of reproductive age group which may be linked with poor repriductive health outcomes moreover there is contradictory evidence about the effect of obesity on the live-birth following assisted reproducitve technology. To determine the pooled estimate of the association of female obesity with the probability of live birth outcome following in-vitro fertilzation/itractoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI). To evaluate the pooled effect of BMI on live birth as outcome following IVF/ICSI we carried this review. Platform PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane libraray and clinicaltrial.gov were used for literature searching since inception till March, 2020 to identify all the relevant studies. Differences in live births among underweight, normal weight, and overweight women incomparison to the obese group (BMI >30) were determined. For heterogenity >50% raandom-effects otherwise fixed-effects model was used to determine the pooled Risk ratio with 95% CI or pooled Odds Ratio with CI. Joanna Briggs Institute checklist (JBI) was used for methodological quality of the studies. Software STATA version 13, was used to conduct the statistical analysis p-value <0.05 was considered as degree of siginificant association. In the present meta-analysis thirty-two studies were included. Our finding suggests that women with obesity had 26% less live births as compared to women with normal BMI (OR, 0.74, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.78), 17% less live births compared to women with underweight (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.85) and 14% less live births as compared to women with overweight (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.88). The findings of present updated meta-analysis precisely demonstrated that female obesity is negatively associated with live birth rate following IVF/ICSI. Pages: 344-353Sarthak Gulati1, Dimple Rawat2, Shreya Gulati3, Rinchen Zangmo4, Arti Gulati5, Mahesh Kumar Seth6Aradhana Kumari7… Read more Get Access
Suicidal Preoccupation and Self-directed Aggression Measured by Thematic Apperception Test in Normal Adolescents Pages: 354-360 Ishanya Raj,1 Nishant Goyal,2 Madhumita Bhattacharyya,3 and Jayanath, B. P.4 (Clinical Psychologist, Motilal Nehru Divisional Hospital, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh1, Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand2, Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand3, and Consultant Psychiatrist, Joint District Hospital, Manjhanpur, Kaushambi, Uttar Pradesh4) Adolescent suicidal behavior is a major public health issue. Recent research has already identified a range of risk factors (grouped as psychiatric, environmental or social variables, psychological & personality factors) for suicidal behaviour. Though much considerable work has been done in this field but less of them included the use of Thematic Apperception Test (T.A.T) as a tool, despite the fact that T.A.T is the most useful tool in revealing the unconscious materials. The subject's suicidal tendency has been studied always as a whole, so the finer differentiation of its other groups are still to be made. The present study is in a way, likely to test, verify and illuminate relevance of psychodynamic findings on the basis of the findings of T.A.T regarding the suicidal preoccupation and self-directed aggression. The present study was a cross sectional community based study. Sample was 54 adolescents from two co-education schools in Ranchi who were assessed on GHQ-28 and 4 selected cards of Thematic Apperception Test. No significant difference was observed between the two groups (Male & Female) in terms of age and scores on various domains of GHQ-28. Significant difference was found between the domains of Hero and Parental figures in comparison between Male and Female participants. The frequency of suicidal preoccupation and self-directed aggression was found to be 37% and 40% respectively. In 35% of cases the adolescents identified themselves with a person of the opposite sex. 54% of the adolescent's adequacy of superego was found to be inappropriate. The nature of anxieties for 31% of adolescents was physical harm or punishment and 39% of them used projection as a defense mechanism. Pages: 354-360Ishanya Raj,1 Nishant Goyal,2 Madhumita Bhattacharyya,3 and Jayanath, B. P.4 (Clinical Psychologist, Motilal Nehru… Read more Get Access
Velvi’s Theatre Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): An Assessment of Effect of Drama Therapy Pages: 361-366 Nirban Manna (Department of Humanities and social Science, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jhakhand) Theatre and dramatic techniques have long been practiced in a wide range of therapeutic settings like educational intuitions, detoxification counseling centers, hospitals, community organizations, rehabilitation and correctional homes for achieving definite sets of goals. Over the years, several approaches across different contexts have established for the development of different set of population. By using movement base intervention, role play, pretend play and improvisation, the drama-based activities improve cognitive and adaptive functioning of people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by achieving social awareness, imaginative ability, cognition, communication, sympathy and empathy. In India, the art therapy with specialization of the special population is an emerging area. Ramamoorthi Parasuram, one of the very few drama therapists in India, founded drama for autism Centre, Velvi and been working for the development of ASD children since 2004. This paper brings forth his module for drama therapy and analyses how his use of mask, face paint and rehearsing life technique has improved the attention span, eye contact, gross and mine motor skill of the people with ASD. The effect of Velvi's drama therapy is assessed by conducting survey among the parents of such children, then Chi-square test and paired t test is performed for 14 social, behavioral and cognitive indicators. Pages: 361-366Nirban Manna (Department of Humanities and social Science, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School… Read more Get Access
Pages: 367-375 Moumita Mukherjee1, Pooja Law2, and Khusbu Baid3 (Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Social Studies, St. Xavier's University, Kolkata, West Bengal1, Department of Applied Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal2, and Department of Psychology, Indian Institute of Psychology and Research (IIPR), Bangalore, Karnataka3) Understanding and managing emotions, one's own as well as that of others, are often considered key skills, in today's world, for success. In addition, creative thinking is often deemed essential to judicial problem solving and decision making, towards the same larger objective. In this context, the present study was conceived to explore the relationship, if any, between emotional intelligence, social intelligence, and creativity among early adolescents. 113 female adolescent Class VIII students of a reputed Kolkata school, aged 13-14 years, were selected to participate in the study, via purposive sampling technique. Emotional Intelligence was assessed using the Emotional Quotient Test by Singh and Chadha, Social Intelligence using Social Intelligence Scale (SIS-CG) developed by Chadha and Ganesan, and Creativity using the Torrance Test of Creativity (modified version of Torrance's Creative Personality Test) developed by Torrance. Data were compiled using Microsoft Excel after obtaining self-report measures using paper-pencil forms of the aforementioned tests from the 113 participants. To assess the strength of association among the variables, Pearson's Product Moment correlation coefficient was deemed suitable. The results showed that there exist statistically significant correlations between emotional intelligence and social intelligence, emotional intelligence and creativity, and social intelligence and creativity, among the sample of female adolescent school students. Multiple Regression with Emotional and Social Intelligence as Predictor Variables affecting Criterion Variable Creativity revealed significant results, indicating that emotional and social intelligence do statistically significantly predict the creativity. Implications of these findings with respect to potential academic achievements are discussed. Pages: 367-375Moumita Mukherjee1, Pooja Law2, and Khusbu Baid3 (Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and… Read more Get Access
Relationship between Types and Directions of Frustration on Mental Health of Kumauni Adolescents Pages: 376-379 Kiran Karnatak (Department of Psychology, M.B.G.P.G College, Haldwani (Nainital), Uttarakhand) Adolescence is a revolutionary state comprising of physical and mental changes. Consequently it leads to physical and emotional disruptions like anxiety, stress, deprivation and frustration. This study aims to find out the relationship between types and directions of frustration on mental health of Kumauni adolescents. Three hundred sixty adolescents served as subjects and were considered for analyzing types and directions of frustration. In this way one thirty two adolescents were taken in consideration and they were put into six treatment conditions, i.e., 22 subjects per cell. Tools used for conducting this study are- Rozenweig's Picture Frustration Test and Jagdish and Srivastava's Mental Health Questionnaire. Findings were obtained by analysis of variance, intercomparison of scores of types and directions of frustration and correlation coefficient between types and directions of frustration. Pages: 376-379Kiran Karnatak (Department of Psychology, M.B.G.P.G College, Haldwani (Nainital), Uttarakhand) Read more Get Access
Applied Behaviour Analysis in Autism Spectrum Disorder Pages: 380-385 Saanya Dhawan (The Shri Ram School, Moulsari, Gurugram, Haryana) The paper will look at how ABA has been effective in treating the symptoms of communication deficits of Autism Spectrum Disorder by looking at the various types of ABA therapies and their specific impacts (Lerman et al., 2016; Koegel et al., 2006). Further, we will understand how there may a difference due to the environmental and social changes as seen in developed and developing countries (Keenan et al., 2014; Mohammadzaheri et al., 2014). This paper will also look at how behaviour management in autism is a skill achieved through an alternative practice, namely Neuro Linguistic Programming, in comparison to ABA. NLP was used as a comparative intervention because it is known to work effectively in changing behavioural patterns that can be used to establish a communication framework (Sturt et al., 2012; Walter & Bayat, 2003). In addition to exploring the effectiveness of NLP in comparison to ABA, this paper will also briefly explore the effectiveness of Play therapy in enhancing social communication in children with autism (Solomon et al., 2014). Finally, this paper will draw a conclusion about the intervention technique that is most effective in rehabilitating communication deficits, namely social communication and interaction, for the autism population during early childhood. Pages: 380-385Saanya Dhawan (The Shri Ram School, Moulsari, Gurugram, Haryana) Read more Get Access
Standardization and Validation of Hindi Version of Perceived Stress Scale in Indian Sample Pages: 386-390 Arun Kumar Jaiswal, Sakshee Meshram, Varsha Pandey, and Anju Singh (Department of Psychology, Jain (Department of Psychology, Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh) The study's goal was to evaluate the Hindi version of the Perceived Stress Scale-10's psychometric characteristics, factorial structure, and predictive validity in an Indian cultural environment. Five hundred participants aged 19 to 65 years from Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, were given a 10-item Perceived Stress Scale and a Satisfaction with Life Scale in Hindi. Exploratory factor analysis (principal components) of PSS-10 with varimax rotation found two factors, 'Uncontrollable Perceived Stress' and 'Controllable Perceived Stress,' which explained 30.42 % and 17.78 % of variance, respectively, and 48.20 % of variation when combined. The quality of goodness of fit indexes for the two-factor model were found to be quite adequate (RMSEA = 0.06; TLI = 0.92; CFI = 0.94; GFI = 0.97; AGFI = 0.94; RMR = 0.08; SRMR = 0.06). The average item-total correlation coefficients for two subscales were found to be high, while split-half and Cronbach's alpha reliability values for two PSS-10 subscales were found to be acceptable. The Uncontrollable Perceived Stress subscale of the PSS-10 linked favourably with the BDI-II and negatively with Satisfaction with Life Scale, while the Controllable Perceived Stress subscale of the PSS-10 had the negative and positive correlations with BDI-II and Satisfaction with Life Scale, indicating its convergent validity. On both PSS-10 subscales, no significant gender differences were found. Pages: 386-390Arun Kumar Jaiswal, Sakshee Meshram, Varsha Pandey, and Anju Singh (Department of Psychology, Jain… Read more Get Access
Combined Telephonic and Online CBT with Performing Artist Suffering from Pandemic Induced Depression with Anxious Distress Pages: 391-393 Swaroopa Ram Barve1 and Gauri Kadam2 (Department of Psychology, SPPU, Consultant Psychologist at Vidula Psychological Consultancy, Pune, Maharashtra1 and Department of Psychology, D.Y.Patil Arts, Commerce, Science college, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra2) Although the effects of Covid pandemic on psychopathology among performing artists is still not entirely known, this profession has been affected severely due to its uncertain nature as well as the nature of virus requiring social isolation. Worldwide, there are many efforts from music community to minimize the distress, as an individual performing musician it is difficult to sustain both financially and emotionally because of lack of resources and opportunities to perform. There are many new platforms are opening up to perform however it is difficult for classical musicians especially above the age of 50 to adapt to these new techniques of performance. In the light of these issues and increased psychopathology during pandemic, this case study is an example of effects of online and telephonic psycho-therapy on pandemic related MDD with anxious distress in performing musician. The client, a 57 years old woman and performing vocalist by profession was in the therapy for 6 months during which she took 13 therapy sessions which were conducted both telephonically and online video calls. CBT and existential therapy approach was used for the purpose of treatment. JPMR, cognitive errors, thought log, challenging errors, down ward arrow technique, Systematic desensitization were used. To gain existential insight, empathetic active listening, reflection of thoughts and to deal with pandemic related existential anxiety, existential techniques were adopted. Pages: 391-393Swaroopa Ram Barve1 and Gauri Kadam2 (Department of Psychology, SPPU, Consultant Psychologist at Vidula… Read more Get Access
Attention, Problem Solving and Decision Making: A Study on Gender Differences Pages: 394-398 Aarsha Ajayan1 and Neeraj Panwar2 (Department of Psychology, Jain (Deemed-to-be-University), Bangalore, Karnataka1 and Department of Psychology, Christ University, Bangalore, Karnataka2) Cognitive abilities are one of the major components after affect and behaviour which helps people to process the available information in the environment. Cognitive abilities such as attention, problem solving and decision making are used every second of the time. But by and large, young adults are expected to be high on these abilities as they have to make most significant decisions for their own life. If they are not paying attention to the environmental factors, making use of them in problem solving and making fare decisions for themselves, they prove to be incompetent in terms their cognitive abilities. Hence, the purpose of this empirical research is to understand gender differences with regard to attention, problem solving and decision-making. Between-group design has been followed wherein 87 UG students' (age 18-23 years) participated in the research. Tools pertaining to attention, problem solving and decision making. To analyse the data descriptive statistics was run followed by t-test. The results of an independent t-test revealed no significant gender differences on any of the cognitive abilities. Further, results are clearly indicating that, if a person from either gender is given proper academic environment, scope to explore, learn and experience, gender has nothing to do with either of these cognitive abilities. Pages: 394-398Aarsha Ajayan1 and Neeraj Panwar2 (Department of Psychology, Jain (Deemed-to-be-University), Bangalore, Karnataka1 and Department… Read more Get Access
Menstrual Characteristics and Prevalence and Impact of Dysmenorrhea among Female Physiotherapy Students Aged 18-25 Years Pages: 399-402 Balwinder Lamba (PT) and Kirandeep Kaur Rai (Department of Physiotherapy, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab) Menstruation is a normal physiological event that occurs in females of reproductive age. Menstrual characteristics show a lot of variance within women and this variance is associated with behavioural, occupational, and environmental and host factors. In females, painful menstruation (dysmenorrhea) is a common phenomenon and it has many uncomfortable effects on day to day activities of females. The current schedule based survey study was conducted on 70 female physiotherapy students aged 18-25 years. Their demographic profiles and detailed menstrual characteristics were studied. Out of the total 70 participants, 44 (62.9 percent) participants attained menarche in the age of 12-14 years, bleeding lasted for 6 or less days (95.8 percent), and a positive family history of dysmenorrhea (62.9 percent) was reported. Majority of females reported back pain (78.5 percent), abdominal pain (70 percent) and pain in legs (62.8 percent) as the premenstrual symptoms. Among the symptoms experienced during menstruation, back pain, abdomen pain, tiredness, irritation, and altered mood were reported that affected their Activities of Daily Living. Only 18.6 percent participants opted to consult a gynaecologist for the discomfort experienced during menstruation. Rest and application of hot pack were commonly adopted methods to relieve symptoms associated with menstruation. Menstrual characteristics and symptoms associated with menstruation have a slightly negative impact on the activities of female physiotherapy students; therefore it is important to have a deeper insight into the management of dysmenorrhea. Pages: 399-402Balwinder Lamba (PT) and Kirandeep Kaur Rai (Department of Physiotherapy, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab) Read more Get Access
बाल्यावस्था की व्यवहारिक समस्याओं का परामर्शन Pages: 403-407 कविता राय (इलाहाबाद डिग्री कॉलेज, (संघटक महाविद्यालय), केन्द्रीय विश्वविद्यालय इलाहाबाद, उत्तर प्रदेश) प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र ऐसे जीवनवृत्त् अध्ययन (Case-Study) पर आधारित है जिसमें स्कूली उम्र के बच्चों के माता-पिता या शिक्षक ने व्यक्तिगत संपर्क कर बच्चे की व्यवहारिक दिक्कत हेतु सुझाव माँगा। बच्चे के बारे में स्वयं उससे बातचीत, माता-पिता एवं शिक्षक से पृथक-पृथक बातचीत (साक्षात्कार) करके उसकी पारिवारिक पृष्ठभूमि, व्यक्तित्व गुणों, समस्या के आरंभ एवं आवश्यक होने पर मनोवैज्ञानिक परीक्षण द्वारा जानकारी एकत्र की गई। समस्त स्रोतों से प्राप्त जानकारियों का/सूचनाओं का गहन मनोवैज्ञानिक विश्लेषण किया गया। गहन मनोवैज्ञानिक विश्लेषण द्वारा समस्या के कारण की पहचान की गई। तदोपरान्त उसके समाधान के लिए माता-पिता एवं शिक्षकों को उपयुक्त व्यवहार संशोधन तकनीक के उपयोग का सुझाव दिया गया। परामर्शदाता द्वारा दिए गए सुझावों पर अमल करने से कुछ माह में बच्चों की समस्याएँ दूर हो गई। Pages: 403-407कविता राय(इलाहाबाद डिग्री कॉलेज, (संघटक महाविद्यालय), केन्द्रीय विश्वविद्यालय इलाहाबाद, उत्तर प्रदेश) Read more Get Access
Menstrual hygiene practices of adolescent girls from slum areas of a city from North East India: A Knowledge Attitude and Practice (KAP) study Pages: 145-149 4 Manisha Choudhury1, Pompy Konwar2, Ajoy Mitra3, and Kumar Kuldeep Medhi4 (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Community Science, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam1, The George Institute for Global Health, Elegance Tower, Jasola District Centre, New Delhi2, Department of Finance, Dispur College, Guwahati, Assam3, IGNOU, Dispur College, Guwahati, Assam4) Guwahati is known as the gateway of North East India and an emerging economic hub of the region. It is the biggest and quickest developing business, industrial and instructive focus in the northeastern area of India. The increasing strain of the demographic pressure is further increasing the wants of urban infrastructures and services. This very trouble is in addition compounded by means of the growing concentration of poverty, especially in slum areas. Here, lack of proper awareness and insufficient resources has become a public health burden, especially among adolescent girls. This study was conducted with the objectives to assess reproductive health problems among adolescent girls living in slum areas and to assess menstrual hygiene practices among them. Anthropometric measurements of adolescent girls were taken to know the nutritional status and the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding menstrual hygiene were studied. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Services (SPSS) version 21. Majority (66.8%) of the adolescent girls were undernourished. Friends were the first informant in 62.5%. Sanitary pads were used by 61% of girls. All the participants (100%) were having some restrictions during menstruation in the form of traditional belief. Dysmenorrhoea was common complaint among 60% of respondents. Only 17.9% of the respondents knew about the possible linkage of menstruation with anemia. 30.5% of the respondents thought of menstruation as bad blood, dirty matter. 10.5% of the participants were found to have the thinking that it's a curse of God. Inadequate hygiene maintenance, menstruation-related traditional practices, and restrictions were prevalent among the adolescent girls belonging to urban slums. Pages: 145-149Manisha Choudhury1, Pompy Konwar2, Ajoy Mitra3, and Kumar Kuldeep Medhi4 (Department of Food Science… Read more Get Access
Job satisfaction, mental well-being and turnover intention among pharmaceutical employees in Bangladesh Pages: 150-153 Farjana Begum1, Malik Hadayet Ullah2, and Nasrin Nahar3 (Department of Psychology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh1,1, and Department of Psychology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh3) The present study investigated the relationships among job satisfaction, mental well-being and turnover intention of employees of pharmaceutical industries in Bangladesh. A total of 85 male employees were selected purposively from 10 renowned pharmaceutical companies in Bangladesh. Of them 46 and 39 were from official- and field setting, respectively. Job satisfaction, mental-wellbeingand turnover intention of pharmaceutical employees was assessed by using adapted version of job satisfaction scale (Rahman, 2003); Turnover Intention scale (Gani, Rahman, & Wadud, 2015); and mental well-being scale (Rahman & Imran, 2013). Results of correlation analysis showed that job satisfaction, mental well-being, and turnover intention were significantly correlated. Independent sample t test revealed significant differences between official and field setting employees in job satisfaction and turnover. The findings have been interpreted in the light of past studies. Pages: 150-153Farjana Begum1, Malik Hadayet Ullah2, and Nasrin Nahar3 (Department of Psychology, University of Dhaka… Read more Get Access
Association of selected socio-personal determinants with hopelessness among rural women belonging to farming and non-farming families Pages: 154-157 Palak Bansal and Vandana Kanwar (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab University Counselling and Placement Guidance Cell, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab) Mental health plays a very critical role in the overall well-being of an individual. Hopelessness is a major predictor ofvarious mental health disorders such as depression, suicide, low subjective well-being and psychiatric disorders. It is a cognitive trait and resulted from cognitive distortion. From the literature reviewed it was found that earlier researches on hopelessness were conducted in association with mental health disorders and very limited researches focused on socio-personal determinants. Thus, the present study aims to determine the association of socio-personal determinants with hopelessness among women belonging to farming and non-farming families. The study was conducted among rural women from Ludhiana District, Punjab. To assess the hopelessness among rural women Beck Hopelessness scale was used. The total sample comprised of 100 (farming=50; non-farming=50) rural married women belonging to the age group between 21-35 years. Respondents were selected through a purposive random sampling technique. Data were collected through the interview method. The results revealed that the prevalence of perceived hopelessness was high among women from non-farming families in comparison to their counterparts. Education and family income played a major role in inducing hopelessness among women living in non-farming families. Pages: 154-157Palak Bansal and Vandana Kanwar (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural… Read more Get Access
Caregivers help seeking attitude and pathways of care among persons with bipolar affective disorder Pages: 158-164 Priyanka Devi S. and Gobinda Majhi (Department of Psychiatric Social Work, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka) Belief patterns significantly influence the help-seeking behavior, and lack of proper knowledge would promote unscientific treatment. Consequently, caregivers delay in approaching medical services, which affects the prognosis. The aims of the present study as follows: (i.) to examine caregivers' help-seeking behavior and care pathway of persons with bipolar affective disorder. And (ii) to explore the duration to reach and access the tertiary care psychiatric services. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study recruited 60 primary caregivers of people with bipolar affective disorder by a purposive sampling technique. Socio-demographic variables and pathways to care instrument were used to collect the data. The majority (76.7%) caregivers perceived that community feels it a disgrace to interact with persons with mental illnesses or maintains a social distancing (80.1%). Fifty percent felt it can damage their reputation. Belief in witchcraft (56.7%), preference for contacting religious healers (43.33%), and priests (16.66 %) were widely prevalent. Mean duration to reach the tertiary care hospital was 80.10 months (SD 6.459). Asize able portion of caregivers still prefer traditional healing over professional health care as their first-line treatment of choice. Reasons are, easy access to the traditional healers, lack of awareness about the scientific treatment, religious and cultural influence of that is still prevailing in the community Pages: 158-164Priyanka Devi S. and Gobinda Majhi (Department of Psychiatric Social Work, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka) Read more Get Access
A contextual analysis of gender on social maturity and adjustment of adolescents belonging to orphanages, single parent families and intact families Pages: 165-170 Rashmi Upreti and Seema Sharma (Department of Human Development & Family Studies, PAU, Ludhiana, Punjab) The aim of the study was to investigate gender differences and the relationship between social maturity and adjustment of adolescents from orphanages, single parent families and intact families. Present study was conducted in the randomly selected orphanages and government schools (from four cities) of Punjab. Total of 300 school going adolescents were included in the sample. Sample was equally distributed across both the genders. Social Maturity Scale and Bell's Adjustment Inventory were employed in the research study. The data were analyzed by using t-test and coefficient of correlation. The statistical analysis revealed that social maturity of girls from intact families was significantly better when compared with boys. Boys living in intact families reported more problems in social adjustment, emotional adjustment and total adjustment as compared to their counterparts. Furthermore, in single parent families, total social maturity of boys exhibited statistically significant and positive correlation with adjustment. On the other hand, total social maturity of girls brought up in orphanages and living with intact families projected a significantly positive relationship with their adjustment. Pages: 165-170Rashmi Upreti and Seema Sharma (Department of Human Development & Family Studies, PAU, Ludhiana… Read more Get Access

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