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Pages: 32-36
Anwaar Mohyuddin and Nazia Israr (Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan)

Prevailing economic conditions in any society are one of the major factors in the sustainability and development of that society. The main purpose of this study is to understand that the prevailing economic conditions determine whether a society will be able to support or not a certain population within that area. Thus, economic conditions play a major role in whether a local population will make progress or will lack basic amenities of life. The present study is conducted in the locality of Gujar Khan. The researcher tried to discover the socioeconomic effects of prevailing economic conditions of local people at the level of both household and community. The study will focus on such variables as availability of educational facilities, health, hygiene and sanitation, nutritional needs, clothing, shelters etc. Data presented in this article is collected by using qualitative anthropological techniques.
Pages: 37-41
Pankaj Mehta and Bindia Mehta (Department of Education, Govt. of Haryana, Haryana)

The banking sector in India has undergone tremendous changes with increased competition, increased levels of deregulation, which has facilitated the Indian banking system and has placed enormous pressure and has created stress in the bank employees. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the perceived stress level of bank employees from public and private sector of district Sirsa, Haryana. Another objective is to see the gender difference in perceived stress among bank employees of public and private sector banks. For this purpose, our methodology entails a survey of 50 public and 50 private sector bank employees Sirsa district of Haryana, whose responses are measured on Cohen's perceived stress scale. The sample consists 50 male and 50 female participants to find the gender differences in perceived stress. For the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics and t-test are used. The findings of the study suggest that private sector bank employees have higher stress in comparison to their counterpart employees from public sector banks. Regardless to their sector i.e. public & private, the female bank employees show higher stress level than male bank employees.
Pages: 42-45
Shubhdip Kaur, Damanjit Sandhu and Haroon Shafiq (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India)

The position of Social Sciences in today's society is not satisfactory. Promoting young researchers in long term social research is difficult. The aim of this investigation was to study the perceived status of social sciences in today's society from its pursuers' perspective. The study focused primarily on students pursuing any of the social sciences at masters or higher levels. Around 100 students within the age range of 22-30 years from various colleges or universities were surveyed. The results obtained revealed that most of the pursuers had experienced society's narrow vision towards their subjects. Due to the perception of society towards these subjects, these pursuers feel that there is no positive scope for social sciences in our society. Surprisingly around 91% of the pursuers were satisfied with their streams. Thus although there is little societal acceptance for the subjects of social sciences its pursuers acknowledge their subjects fully and have high acceptance for them. They are just disappointed with the lack of awareness society and people have regarding the importance of social sciences. But the truth is that the role of social sciences cannot be negated, for theirs is a role of healthy nation building. The need is to bring in spotlight their contributions and how their research outcomes can be used to improve our society.
Pages: 46-52
Deepa Ghosh (Department of Psychology, N.S.Mahavidyalaya, Udaipur, Tripura)

Present study aimed at investigating and comparing emotional intelligence and self concept of the private and government higher secondary school students. This study is planned to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence and self concept. The sample comprised of 100 students. Among them private school students were 50 and government school students were 50. Their age ranged from 17-19 years. The sample was randomly selected from two private and two government higher secondary schools. Emotional Intelligence Test (EIT) by Dr Ekta Sharma and Self Concept Rating Scale by Dr R.K. Saraswat were used. Findings showed significant difference between the students of private and government schools on emotional intelligence (t=3.447; p<0.01) and self concept (t=3.73; p<0.01). Results further revealed that there was significant relationship (r=.501; p<0.01) between emotional intelligence and self concept. The result of the study can be used retrospectively for ensuring psychological intervention to improve emotional intelligence and self-concept of the school students.
Pages: 53-55
Reena (Independent Scholar, Psychology, Jind, Haryana)
Swati Singh (Department of Psychology, MDU, Rohtak)

The aim of the present study was to examine the role of emotional empathy and psychological needs towards life satisfaction. The sample was comprised of 300 (150 boys and 150 girls) adolescents in the age range of 18 -22 years. Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) by Diener, Emmons, Larsen and Griffin (1985), Emotional Empathy by Multi-Dimensional Emotional Empathy Scale (Caruso & Mayer,1998) and Basic Psychological Needs Scale (BPNS) were used to collect the data from adolescents. Pearson's Product Moment Correlation method was used to analyze the results. The findings indicated that life satisfaction was positively related with emotional empathy and negatively related with psychological needs of adolescent boys and girls.
Pages: 56-61
Mohammadmehdi Heydari (Research Scholar, Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

Migrant Muslims settled in Manimajra area tend to maintain their identity through a number of identity-maintaining-mechanisms like language, clothing, eating habits, forms of recreation as well as behaviour during festivals. Another aspect of their identity would be reflected in the position of their women folk and their interrelationships with members of the other religions communities like Hindus, Sikhs and Christians. The mechanisms of identity as ascribed and adopted over periods of time in any given space. In the case of Chandigarh [as also seen globally] the advent of the Muslims was for the purpose of economic and religious propagation in this region. Once the city had begun coming up, the rural population was either displaced or it had migrated en masse to other areas. Some of them opted to continue staying in the vicinity of their earlier homes. The newer settlements were planned but some of the older rural parts continued to thrive in their earlier neighbourhoods. The identity of the migrants and the initial inhabitants had certain promotive and propagative elements. The significance of their collective desire for sustainably maintaining their identity is reflective of their fear of getting lost in the crowd.
Pages: 62-65
Mustafa N. Kirmani (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP)
L. N. Suman (National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnatak)

The study aimed at examining parental and peer influences on attitude toward alcohol and drinking among undergraduate students. The sample consisted of 433 students (231 boys and 202 girls). The tools used in the study were socio-demographic Data Sheet, Attitude Towards Alcohol and Drinking Scale (ATADS), Family and Peer Influence Scale (FPIS) and Gender differences on these variables. Data was analyzed by using mean, SD, Pearson product moment correlation and t-test was used to examine gender differences. Results revealed that boys had more favorable attitude toward alcohol than girls. Further, boys were more influenced by their family and peers than girls in terms of attitude toward alcohol. The findings have implications for prevention of alcohol abuse and possible differential prevention packages for boys and girls among college going students.
Pages: 66-68
Bindu (Department of Sociology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Punjab)

There has been gradual increase in the population aged 60 years and older. In the population of the aged single elders are in more vulnerable condition. All single elderly persons do not constitute a homogeneous category as they are from different age groups and having marital status. The problem of an elderly widowed person may vary from elderly divorced/ never married and the problems of elderly never married person may differ from elderly widowed/ divorced. A recently retired person is more active than those elderly who are above 75 years and facing more problems in their day to day life. Change in the traditional values to modern values has made the life of single elderly more vulnerable which affect the mental health of those single elderly who are living alone in the community without any family member. Thus, single elderly persons are in need to highlight in this situation. This paper is modest attempt to understand the mental health status of single elderly persons due to changes in the values (traditional to modern values). For this, data has been collected through interview schedule in which 20 respondents are taken for analysis. The study has been dealt with various effects of mental health problems of single elderly persons. The result shows that 70% respondents feel in good mood most of the time, relaxed without any difficulty, feel peaceful, and enjoy the things they do. They are less helpless, irritated and sometime feel anxiety. Most of the respondents feel happy in the company of others. Whereas, 30% of the respondents feel that it is not wonderful be alive now and 35% feel that nothing turned out the want they wanted. In the concluding remarks, most of the single elderly persons are mentally healthy and happy.
Pages: 69-71
Reena (Independent Scholar, Psychology, Jind, Haryana )
Swati Singh (Department of Psychology, MDU, Rohtak, Haryana)

The aim of the present study was to gender differences in life satisfaction, emotional empathy, perfectionism and psychological needs among adolescents. The sample was comprised of 300 (150 boys and 150 girls) adolescents in the age range of 18 -22 years. Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) by Diener, Emmons, Larsen and Griffin (1985), Emotional Empathy by Multi-Dimensional Emotional Empathy Scale (Caruso & Mayer,1998) Perfectionism was measure by The Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) (Frost, Marten, Lahart & Rosenblate, 1990) and Basic Psychological Needs Scale (BPNS) were used to collect the data from adolescents. T-test was calculated to analyze the results. The findings indicated that there was significant gender difference in life satisfaction, emotional empathy, perfectionism and psychological needs.
Pages: 72-76
Roomana N. Siddiqui (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh )

Large-scale violence due to conflicts has reached epidemic proportions in the contemporary world. Several nations across the globe are at war with each other or fighting a proxy war. Modern warfare strategies have further added to the woes of the people. Due to technological advancements wars are no longer fought in battlefields. As the scene of action has shifted from the battlefield to civilian population, mainly overpopulated neighborhoods and cities the damage caused is immense. The frequent and continual exposure to intense level of violence either direct or indirect may cause patterns of emotional and cognitive processing, which might feed into further violence (Schauer & Schauer, 2010). Though the negative impact of wars have been well chronicled yet we often fail to acknowledge or address the fact that in such a scenario children become the most vulnerable group. They are at risk of being exposed to terror and trauma of wars. Most often they are witnessing it first hand and other times it is being played and replayed on the now pervasive media, which affects their psyche. Children learn what they see and too often they learn that violence is an acceptable way to resolve conflict. On the cognitive level this traumatic experience shatters the most fundamental beliefs about safety, trust, and self-esteem. As a result they see the world as an unsafe place that is frightening and disrupts their sense of security and control. The crux of the situation is that children's innocence gets disrupted by conflicts they have nothing to do with and have no stakes in it. It is not only as bystanders that they get affected but often they themselves are causalities of war through injury, death, disease, malnutrition, loss of family, disruption of stability, deleterious health effect and family and community disorganization. Many children end up being refugees due to separation from parents or due to death or dislocation of their families. This paper attempts to address the plight of such children's caught in the war zone and the implication it has for their growth both at the psychological and physical level.
Pages: 77-82
Nanjunda (UGC-CSSEIP Research Centre, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnatka)

Rural health has been an interesting concept in sociology and medical anthropology since last few decades. Plenty of research work has been done on the health culture and health behavior of the rural people across the globe. However, in Karnataka very few studies have been done on this topic. For the first time noted Medical anthropologists Rever (1924), has done land marking work on the concept of health and illness of native people. Clements (1932) has done work on the basic concept of disease focusing black magic, sorcery, sprit intrusion etc in rural areas. Rural areas in general are marked by poor implementation of health facilities. Various Governments have implemented many rural specific health programmes. High concentration of infectious diseases, absence of effective health education, lack of fundamental facilities, problems in the implantation are adversely affecting the rurals' health today. However various social and cultural factors play a vital role in case of rural health behaviour. This paper is based on the review of current literatures to provide new theoretical background in framing rural health polices.
Pages: 83-94
Smita Tiwary (Department of Psychology, Patna Womens College, Patna )

Mental retardation is a delay or slowness in a child's mental development. The child who is mentally handicapped learns things more slowly than other children of same age. The child may have less developmental milestones almost in a child with handicap is unable to unable to interact with his environment because of his disabilities. The further block the avenues for interaction. Therefore the child's experience are too few and his learning is hampered. As time passes him deviates further from normal and if the handicapping conditions are unchecked and of sufficient severity mental retardation occurs. These children are at risk for secondary deprivation because of feedback. All these may culminate in social and emotional handicaps adding further to the existing problems. most of the motor, social, a. Depending on the degree of mental retardation, early identification, timely intervention and adequate opportunities for training and developing their skills, many of these children can grow up to care themselves in most ways and learn to live as independent, responsible and active members of the community.cademic and other areas.
Pages: 95-97
Jagpreet Kaur and Ramanjeet Kaur (Department of Education and Community Service, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India)

The investigation was conducted in order to study career decision-making of adolescents in relation to their social maturity and self-efficacy using descriptive method of research. Career Decision-Making Profile (CDMP) Questionnaire developed by Gati (2011), A Comprehensive Scale of Social maturity (ACSSM) developed by Pal (1986) and Self-Efficacy (SE) Scale developed by Schwarzer and Jerusalem (1995) were administered to a stratified random sample of 356 adolescents (F= 182, M=174). T-test was employed testing the significance of mean difference in various dimensions of career decision-making among adolescents across high and low levels of social maturity & high and lowlevels of self-efficacy. The findings of the investigation reported that there were significant differences in 'procrastination' dimension of career decision-making across high and low levels of social maturity & in 'information gathering', 'information processing','desire to please others' 'willingness to compromise' and 'intuitive' dimensions of career decision-making among adolescents across high and low levels of self-efficacy.
Pages: 98-103
Sumit Goyal and A. K. Sinha (Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

The process of cooking and serving food has been taken to the heights of becoming an art. This has evolved to such an extent that there are highly specific ways and manners of serving certain dishes. Also there are certain special utensils for cooking some of the meals and their singular components. There are separate utensils to be used as fuel and separate ones are to be used for weddings and similar social gatherings. Then there is a whole range of designated utensils that form an essential part of the trousseau of a bride. There may be several variations from region to region. These variations are manifested in the shape and design of the utensils. Each having a particular pre-ordained purpose. Thus, the utensils used for cooking evolved through various stages from leaves, stone and wood through metals to glassware, melamine and Styrofoam. Besides the ease of use and cost effectiveness of the utensils there was the constant rider of maintenance of these vessels. The contribution of rural handicrafts is recognized for its secondary employment potential in rural areas; as a supplier of basic needs; as a factor in redistribution through assisting the landless; and for its contribution to foreign exchange.
Pages: 104-108
Sharmila (Department of History, C. R. Law College, Hisar, Haryana)

The present paper analyzes the political ideas of Dadabhai Naoroji as shown through their writings and speeches. Dadabhai Naoroji was part of the generation of nineteenth-century nationalists who petitioned the colonial government with economic policy critiques, including his own drain of wealth theory. The paper analyzes use ofNaoroji's arguments and their evaluation of the early nationalist period. By further analyzing early Indian nationalists, one can better understand the course of the nationalist movement as well as the ideas that were central to the latter part of the movement led most notably by Gandhi.
Pages: 109-112
Atinder Pal Kaur (Department of Sociology, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

This study explored how male migration affects the emotions of women those who are living without their husbands. Qualitative interviews were conducted on 10 women, the subjects categorized into two groups based on age as those below 35 and those above 45 age. Participant's husbands migrated to Arab countries, U.K and U.S.A from the past 7-10 years. Narratives and case study method was used to reveal problems in relation to emotional sickness. After migration of husbands more loneliness and emotional breakdown can be seen among the age group of 35 years, on the other hand women above 45 years age groups have better emotional well-being, more security and positive attitude towards their future life. To understand relationship between migration and emotional well-being 6 case study and four interviews are conducted. An effort was made to compare between two age groups related to emotional well being.
Pages: 113-116
Mustafa Nadeem Kirmani (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P.)
Firdos Jahan (Rehabilitation Psychologist, Jubilant Psyche Solution Clinic, Aligarh, U.P.)

Autism is one of the common disabilities in children. It is considered as a neurocognitive disorder with significant social impairments, language and speech issues and repetitive behaviors called as stereotypies. Behavioral anomalies like self injurious behaviors and other comorbities like ADHD, mental retardation, seizures are common among children with Autism. Genetics play a significant role in the etiology of autism. Initially, behavioral interventions were the only mode of intervention in this condition. Recently, however, multi disciplinary approach is used in the management of autism. The aim of interventions is not cure but improving and maximizing functional abilities of the patients. The current paper will focus on the various psychological approaches being utilized in the management of autism.
Pages: 117-121
O. P. Sharma and M. P. Singh (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur)

Tourism is travel for recreation, leisure, religious, family or business purposes, usually for a limited duration. Tourist behavior may be socio-psychologically interpreted through a definition of the social role of the tourist, of tourist motivation, and, of social contact between tourists and hosts. Such a social psychology of tourist behavior emphasizes the deep-rooted tradition which interprets human behavior as a phenomenon largely determined by the interpersonal context in which each individual finds himself. A tourist is he who is circumstanced to sleep outside his own house. Motivation theory, Maslow's need hierarchy theory and push and pull theory play major role is tourism need. Understanding of why people travel, what they seek from their travel and what are their expectation from their place of visit gives the Tourism industry a new prospect to develop their tourist spots keeping the psychological factors of tourism in mind.
Pages: 122-124
Sonam Jakhar (Department of Economics, N. M.Govt. P. G. College Hansi, Hisar, Haryana)

The present study reports the organizational strategies that promote employee retention cross consulting organizations like TCS, Wipro, Ernst & Young, & Bank of America. Organizational practices these days have turned increasingly streamlined and integrated. These focus employee involvement and lay down a strong emphasis on collaboration and shared leadership. This paper seeks to help leaders discover and build on work practices that would support employee retention and morale within the organization. The paper reviews extant literature on organizational culture, leadership, staff morale and retention and later forms conclusions on basis of analysis of data collected through self-administeredquestionnaires.The study reveals two overarching themes, financial compensation and opportunities for growth and development. Strategies recommended are alternate compensation plans, leadership development and succession planning, and mentoring and coaching opportunities.
Pages: 125-127
Vandana Bala (Department of Commerce, M.D. University, Rohtak, Haryana)

For any nation's economic development, small & medium sized enterprises are considered as powerful engines. In India, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) contribute nearly 8 percent of the country's GDP, 45 percent of the manufacturing output and 40 percent of the exports. But empirical evidences suggest that these are also cause for 70% of the industrial pollution. The figures presented are cumulative not individual. Individuals may emit small amounts of pollution but as a whole their effect are very substantial. Unfortunately, many are not aware of the problem they are causing or even if they are aware they do not have sufficient finance to install equipments to minimize pollution. But if want sustainable development of our economy, and then we have to resolve this problem as soon as possible. It is to be realized that sustainability will lead to long term profitability and will also safeguard interests of our future generation. SMEs are essential to the 'path out of poverty' for many developing countries. On the other hand the SME sector must not be allowed to become a loophole in which polluting, exploitative industries flourish. However, support for SME development can be an important part of the Corporate Social Responsibility commitment of big companies, and improvements in social and environmental impact can go hand in hand with improvements in quality and management. In the case of SMEs in developing countries, upgrading the quality of their technology, management, and marketing, are likely to be equally pressing concerns, which need to be addressed in parallel with social and environmental impacts. Thus, it is imperative to educate entrepreneurs about the impact of environmental issues in their own interest. They should be made to realize that production of eco-friendly products will enhance profitability and contribute to long run success of business.
Pages: 128-130
Suman Saini (University Library, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana)

The present paper expresses corporate decision by comparison made by a company either an asset can be purchased or can be taken on leased . An asset may be long term or short term. To take the best option the financial manager has to consider the concept of lease. The objective of this paper is to apprise the readers about the concept, meaning, types, accounting procedure, advantages, disadvantages legal aspect and its growing popularity & problems of lease financing in context of Indian situation.
Pages: 131-132
Sonam Jakhar (Department of Economics, N.M. Govt. P.G. College, Hansi, Hisar, Haryana)

Just as people in different countries speak different languages, they also transact business in different currencies, requiring conversion from one type of money to another. The International Monetary System comprises the set of rules and practices that govern how debts are honored and paid between and among nations with different national monies. When the system is functioning smoothly, all countries gain from international flows of goods, services, and capital the system is an int'l public good. But when it breaks down or is poorly organized, nations are unable to sustain high levels of trade and investment. The present paper reviews on history of international monetary system.
Pages: 135-139
Surbhi Gaur (Centre for the Study of Regional Development (CSRD), Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi)

Sex ratio is the important indicator of the composition of the human population, which is an essential demographic characteristics reflecting the various socio-economic and cultural aspect of population. According to the India census, sex ratio is the number of females per 1000 males, although it is not just a measure of the male and female ratio, but to the certain extent it is representing the equity between males and females or in another word is indicating the health of society. It is a general notion that male and female are the two wheel of a society, having equal importance, without women human civilization could be no more after a generation and so.
Pages: 140-144
Sharmila (Department of History, C. R. Law College, Hisar, Haryana)

Dadabhai Naoroji, the grand old man of India, was a patriarch of liberalism in India and one of the founders of the Indian National Congress. He was a moving spirit and took an active part in the deliberation of the congress and served it till the evening of his life. Naoroji was a great advocate of continuation of British connection with the Indian people. The basic thought of his ideology was his abiding faith that British rule was a great boon to India and a dispensation of the Providence. He advocated the introduction of Western education in India. The present paper reviews on political and administrative demands of Dadabhai Naoroji.
Pages: 145-153
Surbhi Gaur (Centre for the Study of Regional Development (CSRD), Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi)

National Capital Region (NCR), has been emerging as a gigantic magnet, attracting people not only from the proximate states of Haryana, Rajasthan and U.P. but also from the far-flung regions of the country. National Capital Region had grown in a haphazard and unplanned manner due to fast urban growth. Most of the cities in developing countries become over-populated and over-crowded partly as a result of the increase in population over the decades and partly as a result of migration of persons from the countryside to the big industrialized cities in search of employment. Most of the mega urban centre in the NCR are situated near to National Capital Territory (NCT) and create urban conurbation, this conurbation leads to un-sustainability and urban environmental degradation. Trend and pattern of urbanization as well the urban growth are the locational biased, therefore area which are having the locational advantages or having the proximity to big urban centre, having accessibility to highway and other socio political advantages are grows faster as compare to other disadvantages area. In that case especially the metro connected cities are showing the boosted growth.
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