Pages: 114-116
Supreet Kaur (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

The present study investigates the relationship between Problematic Internet Use and Alexithymia among the non clinical sample of adolescents. The study was conducted on 90 high school students. Internet Addiction Test (IAT) by Young (1998) for Problematic Internet Use and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) by Bagby, Parker, and Taylor (1994) were administered. Adolescents scoring >50 on IAT were considered as Problematic Internet Users (PIU) and those scoring <50 were taken as control group. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and t-test was used for analysis. The results revealed significant and positive relationship of Internet Addiction with Alexithymia (Difficulty Describing Feelings, Difficulty Identifying Feelings & Externally Oriented Thinking & Total Alexithymia). The results further indicated significant differences for Alexithymia between PIU group and control group.

Pages: 121-124
Shalini Barthwal and Manju Pandey (Department of Psychology, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand)

In India, school absenteeism has been the focus of study in the primary and upper primary level, as the nation's main policy has been to increase enrolments in schools. The senior secondary classes (i.e., class XI & XII) have never been in the focus when it to comes being absent from school without any rational cause. This research gap lays the foundation for the present study with the focus on the mental health and youth problems of senior secondary students who are frequently absent from school. A mental health and youth problem analysis of 200 students was done from Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand using Mental Health Battery (Singh & Gupta, 2005) and Youth Problem Inventory (Verma, 1996). Intelligence came out as the strongest predictor of absenteeism followed by emotional stability, family problems, school problems, self-concept and autonomy.

Pages: 130-134
Subhash Savant (Department of Economics, Bhonsala Military College, Nashik, Maharashtra)

The Indian banking sector, in general, and public sector banks, in particular, has been going through tough phase. The Indian banking sector is denting with non performing assets problem in recent years. The NPA issue is influencing the portfolio of banks and financial institutions, market mechanism, economy and different banks differently. Therefore, in this context the study is undertaken with an empirical analysis of contribution of different banks in advances and NPAs. A comparative study of NPAs related to sector wise, banks wise is also carried out. This will help us to understand the concept of NPAs thoroughly. The current study focuses on the share of different banks in terms of Gross advances, Net advances, GNPA, NNPA, priority and non-priority sectors. This paper is divided into three sections. The first section is theoretical and it is related to the concept of NPA, review of literature and research methodology whereas the second section presents a deep analysis of NPAs. Final section dwells upon some conclusion remarks.

Pages: 138-142
Chandrani Sen and Surbhi Dulara (Department of Psychology, IIS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

The present paper aims to analyse the relationship of job characteristics and performance (task performance & contextual performance) by assessing the mediating role of work engagement. The research targeted 100 middle level managers working in the service sector (hotel industry). To evaluate the mediational analysis PROCESS macro (Hayes, 2012) was employed in SPSS. A positive and significant correlation was found between the three variables and while analysing work engagement as a mediator it was depicted that work engagement fully mediated the relationship between job characteristics and task performance and also between job characteristics and contextual performance. Therefore, it can be concluded that being engaged in a job enriches one's performance.

Pages: 146-149
Ekta Soni and Rakesh Kumar Behmani (Department of Applied Psychology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana)
Sunita Rani (Department of Social Management, Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration, Mussorie, Dehradun, Uttarakhand)

Women in India have a status of being sub-ordinate to men. Men and women are not considered equal, men being the superior. The patriarchal set up of this country leads to gender specific socialization. Men learn to rule women form childhood, either directly or indirectly. Thus the cultural limitation in India often makes women think that all the atrocities done to them are fair. It is seen many a times that women themselves support violence against women, whether to themselves or to other women they know. Education is also a very important factor in determining how women take the abuse form others. Higher educational level seems to be a protective factor against domestic violence. Apart from these social supports, living area, employment, socio-economic status, family structure, husband's characteristics are considered important in determining in attitudes towards domestic violence in women and how they attribute the causes of domestic violence.

Pages: 156-159
Stuti Singh (Department of Psychology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh)

Social comparison is an integral part of our social life. It provides us a better understanding of who we are, how we are doing, how we can improve and many other things. These comparisons can be on various levels such as inter-personal, intra-group and inter-group social comparisons. Nature and outcomes of different type of comparisons vary because each one has different dynamics. The focus of the present study is to explore the nature of emotions that people feel while making intra-group social comparison. The study being exploratory in nature, interview method was chosen for data collection. Individual interviews were taken from boys and girls in the age group 18 to 25 years. A semi structured interview schedule was prepared for the interviews. Each interview was audio taped and then transcribed for further analysis. Response themes indicate a wide variety of emotions felt by participants. These ranged from feeling of positive emotions such as, happiness, satisfaction, and pride to feeling of negative emotions such as, anger, jealousy, dissatisfaction, grief, etc. Implications of these emotions have been discussed in context of our social interactions and intra-group social comparison.

Pages: 165-170
Soorya Sunil (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi)
Sunil Kumar Verma (Department of Applied Psychology Vivekananda College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi)
Sunil Kumar Verma (Department of Applied Psychology Vivekananda College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi)

Parental socialization is one of the remarkable ways in which children begin to learn about right and wrong. Drawing on the relevant theoretical and empirical literature we look at the ways in which parent inculcate moral values in children. In particular, the study explores the parental practices and the characteristics of the parent-child relationship that shapes the moral affect, behaviour and cognition in children. The article reviews some key investigations in the area of moral socialization and highlights some important yet overlooked or understudied aspects of parental moral socialization that requires scholarly attention.

Pages: 176-179
Ishaq Ahmad Dar (Mittal School of Business, Lovely Professional University, Punjab)
Reena Lakha (University School of Management Studies, Rayat Bahra University, Mohali, Punjab)

The digital revolution has impacted both consumers as well as businesses. Over the past decade technology and the form, it is used has changed drastically. Earlier, the Internet was purely a source of information but now has become a place where people meet to share their experiences and stories, a platform for discussion and debate, a source of entertainment and much more. Social networking has influenced the way of using internet further, it has become a medium to reach general masses. Businesses are in rush to take advantages of increasing internet usage, hence given rise to digital marketing. Strategists are no longer confined to traditional modes of marketing, internet has been proven a superior medium, courtesy to, speed and mass coverage to reach targeted population. India being an emerging economy and a largest market has huge potential to take advantages of fastest growing digital marketing industry. This study will overview the scope and potential of digital marketing in Indian market. The study will be using theoretical approach by reviewing all the relevant literature on digital marketing in Indian context. A theoretical structural will be provided to be further tested empirically by other studies.

Pages: 186-192
दलीप कुमार (सहायक प्राध्यापक-इतिहास, एकलव्य विद्यापीठ महाविद्यालय, भादरा, हनुमानगढ, राजस्थान )

‘‘हिसार’’ अरबी भाषा का शब्द है; जिसका अर्थ है ‘किला’ जिस शहर को आज हिसार के नाम से जानते है, उसका वास्तविक नाम ‘हिसार-ए-फ़िरोज़ा’ अर्थात फ़िरोज़ का किला हिसार को फ़िरोज़शाह ने 1354 ई॰ में बसाया था।1 हिसार उत्तरी भारत का एक महत्त्वपूर्ण स्थान है। यह 290 5‘5’’ उत्तरी अक्षांश 750 45‘5’’ पूर्वी अक्षांश के बीच स्थित है।2 हिसार शहर जिले का मुख्यालय है। यह राष्ट्रीय राजमार्ग नं0 10 पर देहली के पश्चिम में 172 किलोमीटर की दूरी पर स्थित है तथा देहली से रेल मार्ग से भी जुड़ा हुआ है। हिसार हरियाणा का एक प्रमुख शहर है जिसकी कुल संख्या सन् 2001 में 263186 तथा क्षेत्रफल वर्ष 2001 में 49.43 वर्ग किलोमीटर था। यहाँ पर सैनिक छावनी, तथा सीमा सुरक्षा बल का मुख्यालय भी है।3 हिसार शिक्षा की दृष्टि से हरियाणा प्रान्त में एक प्रमुख शिक्षा केन्द्र के रूप में उभरा है। यहाँ हरियाणा कृषि विश्वविद्यालय व गुरू जम्भेश्वर विश्वविद्यालय है। कृषि विश्वविद्यालय के साथ 2000 एकड़ का एक कृषि फाॅर्म जुड़ा है। हिसार में मेजर लिविंगस्टोन द्वारा सन् 1815 में निजी ऊँट व घोड़ा प्रजनन व प्रशिक्षण केन्द्र की स्थापना की। लेकिन 1883 में ब्रिटिश सरकार द्वारा इसका प्रबन्ध व नियन्त्रण अपने हाथों में लिया गया। 1912 में इसको पंजाब सरकार के अधीन कर दिया गया।4 स्वतन्त्रता प्राप्ति के बाद 1966 में हरियाणा अलग बनने पर हरियाणा सरकार के अधीन आ गया। 20वीं शताब्दी के अन्त तक हिसार में शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में काफी उन्नति की।

Pages: 197-200
Indu (Department of Psychology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana)

Media became integral part of our daily life. we consume media for the purpose of entertainment, education etc. Not only children but all age groups connected with media. Almost everyone has account on Facebook, What's app, E-mail, Instagram, Snap chat, etc. Since the early 19th century researches have been accumulating and suggest that exposure to media violence in television, cell phone, video game, internet, movies, serials, increase the risk of violent behaviour. In current review, literature and psychological studies critically assessed to know, why exposure to violent media effects viewer's behaviour negatively. James Potter explains, “Even we were to lock all of today's criminals, media are still helping to train another generation to believe that the violence is the only successful way to solve problems”. Behind crime there are many factors like poverty, racial inequality, parental neglect and abuse and aggression. Aggression is directly associated with consuming aggressive/violent media. So the media also play important role in criminal activities also. I examined many studies which focused on the relationship between the effect of violent media on aggressive behaviour. Previous findings indicate that there is a positive relationship between exposure of media violence and aggressive behaviour. Exposure of violent media work as instigation or model for real life violence. What is media violence? Most researcher define media violence as visual portrayals of acts of physical or nonphysical (verbally abuse someone, spreading harmful rumours) by one human and human like character against another. Reasons behind it are, 1st observational learning (we learn by observing others act & the consequences of that act or we can say immediate mimicry of specific behaviour) 2nd is that exposure to media violence can desensitize people to violence in the real world. And 3rd is arousal processes (Physiological, activation of fight & flight system that is sympathetic nervous system & psychological arousal is emotional activation). In 21st century mass media widely effect the daily lives. Radio, television, videos, cell phone, video game, computer networks playing important role in the children's and youth's life. If people specially children and youth continuously consume violent media they may become less sensitive to the pain and suffering of others, they may become fearful of the world around them, they may be more likely to behave in aggressive and harmful ways toward others. For avoiding the negative impacts of violent media seminar, conferences, workshop should be held to spread awareness. Explain consequences and teach the children as well as other age group conflict resolution (how to use word correctly, don't harm others).

Pages: 563-567
L. N. Bunker and Huma Sheikh (Department of Psychology, Jai Narayan Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan)

Psychological-Wellbeing is a combination of positive development and life-Satisfaction. Positive psychological well-being is not only important for leading happy life but also draws positive impact on person's academic and his personal life achievements. One of the stages in life is the young adulthood, everybody expected to adults they have to try maintaining equilibrium in their responsibilities. Psychological well-being and life-Satisfaction both are cognitive and affective elements, which can be key to one's life and its play in important role in how to live with positive perspective, significant interaction with others, learn to good adaptation, deal with problems etc. Psychological well-being is dynamic concept and life-Satisfaction is multidimensional concept and both are related and includes subjective, social, psychological and social behaviors, That's the reason we focused both dimension/ components. The present investigation was designed to study psychological well-being and life-Satisfaction among young adults with regards to gender and educational sector (government & private). For this purpose a sample of 120 young adults were selected using incidental purposive sampling method among which 60 adults were from government college/universities and 60 adults from private college /universities of district jodhpur. In each group 30 were males and 30 were females, age group of adults -21 years to above. Psychological-Wellbeing was measured using Ryff's psychological well-being scale developed by Carol Ryff and life-Satisfaction was measured using satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) developed by Diener, Robert Emmons, Randy Larson and Sharon Griffin. Findings of the study reveal that no significant difference was found on the measures of Psychological Well-being among male and Females adults. On the measure of life-Satisfaction of male adults were found more satisfied with life. Results of comparison of government and private college/university adults reveals that no significant difference was observed on psychological well-being and life-Satisfaction among government and private college/universities adults.

Pages: 574-580
Priyaranjan Maral and Vipul Kumar (Department of Psychology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh)

The present study aims at understanding the role of family structure and decision-making power among working and non-working women. In addition, to investigate the autonomy of women in decision-making among working and non-working women under a different family structure like nuclear and joint family. Total 272 urban married working and non-working women (144 nuclear & 128 joint) families were taken from Allahabad city. The mean age of participants was 35.94 years. All urban married working women and non-working women have at least one child and living with her husband/family. A questionnaire was used; each question has three responses- Self, Husband, and Joint with the Husband. The results showed there were significant differences in decision-making about household and social issues among working and non-working women. In a nuclear family, the involvement of non-working and working women was higher in comparison to the joint family. In both nuclear and joint family, non-working women faced more interference of family members in decision making. The result also revealed that the decision-making power of non-working women is higher in personal and social issues in a joint family but they preferred joint decision frequently. The results also highlight that working women involved in decision-making process more in comparison to the non-working women in the nuclear family and also preferred joint decisions. In addition to, the participation of working women in each issue was a self as well as the joint was higher in comparison to the non-working women. There is still a need to enhance women's sovereignty and their role in decision making at household and job level in the Indian context.

Pages: 588-593
Madhavi Menon (Department of Psychology and Neuroscience College of Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL)

The present review focuses on the environmental influences on childhood language acquisition with a particular emphasis on the exploration of possible gender differences and subsequent cognitive performance. The reviewed research suggests that sub-optimal rearing environments could negatively affect language development. Additionally, the literature in the domain of language development in children points to a moderational role played by the environment as well as gender in children's acquisition of language. This review also evaluates the later developmental effects of early language acquisition with particular emphasis on later intelligence scores, reading comprehension, and school achievement.