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Pages: 435-438
Damanjit Sandhu (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab )
Kirandeep Kaur (ICSSR- Doctoral Research Fellow, Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab )

Gender discrimination is a serious issue within Indian society. It affects a woman's professional, social, cultural and political involvement. Eve-teasing is one major form of gender discrimination. It has emerged as a burning issue throughout the country affecting not urban population but also the rural strata. The present paper aims to explore eve-teasing and its impact on female adolescent pupils' lives. The sample for this study consisted of 356 adolescent girls (age range 14-17) randomly selected from various urban schools of Punjab. Results of the study revealed a high prevalence of eve-teasing among adolescent pupils along with its serious nature and grave consequences for it victims. The results of this study warrant the need to develop effective intervention programs and policies for preventing eve-teasing at school and college levels. The information provided by this study demands healthcare personnel to intervene more effectively with women at risk of violence-related health problems.
Pages: 439-441
Kurian Jose (Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra )
Rajith K. Ravindren (Psychiatrist, Institute of Mental Health, and Neuro Sciences, Kozhikode, Kerala )
Bhagya Lekshmi (Occupational Therapist, Institute of Mental Health, and Neuro Sciences, Kozhikode, Kerala )

The life experience of institutional care providers of mentally ill, their perception about mental illness and imbibed stigma, adaptation to the changed role of care giving are rarely researched in countries like India. Using mixed research methodology, participants (n=24) from institutions which provide rehabilitation of mentally ill in Kozhikode district of Kerala state were selected for the study. A focused group discussion was conducted and the experiences of the participants were documented. Majority of the care givers noted that their experience in working in these institutions has changed their attitude towards mental illness as well as their attitude towards life as a whole. This in turn helped them to adapt to new strategies of rehabilitation services.
Pages: 442-449
Malay Das (Department of Economics, Naba Barrackpore Prafulla Chandra Mahavidyalaya, New Barrackpore, Kolkata )

Using the data from District Level Household and Facility Survey-2 (2002-04) District Level Household and Facility Survey-3 (2007-08) and 61st round of National Sample Survey (2004-05) this paper examined the inter-district differentials and inequality in infant mortality rate (IMR) in India based on household wealth status. The life table method was used to estimate the IMR. The Lorenz curve was used to examine the extent of inequality in IMR. Multivariate technique was applied to understand the factors determining district-level variation in infant mortality in India. Results suggest that among economically backward districts, 33% districts had IMR of above 65 compared to 7% in economically better-off districts in India. On the contrary, more than 40% economically well-off districts had IMR of less than 30 compared to only 8% in economically backward districts. The degree inequality in IMR was higher among economically backward districts compared to economically well-off districts in India. The WI is a significant predictor of IMR and it alone accounts for 16% of the explained variation (R2=0.16) in infant mortality. Among the most significant factors, availability of having toilet facility has strong bearing on IMR. Regional location was also found to have a strong influence on IMR.
Pages: 450-452
Ashu Dhawan and Rajeev Dogra (Department of Psychiatry, Pt. B. D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana)

The present study investigated possible relationships between blood types and personality within a normal population. Previous research work from published studies claiming associations between blood type and personality is scanty, conflicting. This study predicted that blood donors of b+ ve and o +ve blood group showed lower scores on all TCI dimensions except persistence, finding was same for AB group except they had higher scores on cooperativeness and A+ ve group showing high score on harm avoidance. The blood donors having O-ve group also showed lower scores on all TCI dimensions except high scores on self-transcendence. Participants comprised a sample of blood donors 25 males and 25 females. Temperament Characteristic Inventory developed by Cloninger et al. was administered. Statistical Analysis was done using appropriate statistics from the statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0
Pages: 453-458
Madhurima Verma (Department of Sociology, University School of Open Learning, Panjab University, Chandigarh )
Kiran (Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab )

People with visual impairment are a heterogeneous group with varied nature of difficulties that require adequate attention in order to place them in main stream institutions. This paper highlights the challenges faced by low vision and totally visual impaired. The study used descriptive survey design to explore the challenges faced by persons with visual impairment. The sample included 67 percent totally blind and 33 percent low vision respondents. The quantitative data collection procedure was employed through use of interview schedule. Results show that the totally blind respondents had higher level of education than low vision respondents. The totally blind respondents were engaged in middle and higher level of occupations and low vision respondents were engaged in low and middle level occupations. The totally blind respondents were earning more than low vision respondents.
Pages: 459-465
Nida Zakaria (Department of Mass Communication, Mewar University, Rajasthan )
Shobha Kulshreshtha (Department of Mass Communication, Vice-President, Shri Venkateshwar University, Gajraula )

An empirical study was conducted among the students of different colleges of Jamshedpur to study Hindi and Urdu newspapers content variable. Students were selected to examine their likes, dislikes, preferences of the Hindi and Urdu newspaper read by them. The study also focused on the elements of connects between the reader and the newspaper. The sample was collected from the Under Graduate and Post Graduate students. Students who read Urdu and Hindi language newspaper were chosen for my study. It consisted of 200 students (100 UG + 100 PG). Homogenous sample was selected for the study. This means only muslim students (boys & girls) were chosen as my sample. A set of questionnaire was constructed and standardized for the purpose of data collection. Purposive sampling technique was applied for the present study. Mean, S.D and t test were applied for the analysis of data obtained. The study reveals that students of both the groups select the newspaper with easy to understand language. Urdu newspapers are lacking behind in the treatment and presentation of the news. The study also found that students like to read news about their own region and society. They love to see their stories covered by the vernacular press which often goes unnoticed. It was also disclosed that Hindi newspapers sensationalize the story to attract more readers.
Pages: 466-468
Rajesh Kumar and Surinder Vashisth (Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

The present study has been designed on the exploratorycum descriptive approach; an online structured questionnaire method has been employed for data-collection. The sample has been drawn randomly from Indian population, sample size being 111comprising of 60 male and 51 female respondents (include 54 students & 57 employees). The objective of the study is to analyze the attitude of Indians towards historical sites. At present, while Indian tourism is showing a positive growth curve, people's right attitude towards historical sites can play an imperative role in enhancing it further. This study intends to comprehend the kind of attitude people bear towards historical sites in India.
Pages: 469-475
Suneeta Yadav (Post-Doctoral Fellow, Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh)

The role of women in India has changed drastically attaining a new definition and perspective in the last few decades. Being employed outside for these women, does not mean a reversal in the priority of home and household related activities and these are still considered to be their prime responsibility by society as well as the women themselves. Household constraint experienced by employed women may include effort, time and economic constraint that eventually affect both physical and mental health if not managed effectively. The interplay of Household constraint and work-family conflict, experienced more widely by employed women due to their dual responsibilities, can play havoc with their mental health. Researchers suggest that, employed women experience work-family conflict due to involvement at work place as well as in the family, which is likely to have negative consequences for their mental health. However, it is not to be denied that work-family conflict alone may not lead to poor mental health but possibility of household stress emanating from the conflict may be the real reason for the negative mental health consequences. This study, aimed at examining the mediating role of various dimensions of Household constraint in the relationship between Work-Family Conflict and Mental Health among female bank employees. Work-Family Conflict Scale, Mental Health Inventory and Household Demand Schedule were administered individually to 250 clerical level female bank employees. The collected data was analyzed using a Pearson 'r' test and computing Partial correlations. Analysis of the data showed that on dimensions of Household constraint, Effort, Economic and Overall Household constraint, except Time constraint, partially mediate the relationship between W-to-F Conflict and Overall Mental Health. However, only Effort and Overall Household constraint partially mediate the relationship between Family-to-Work Conflict and Overall Mental Health. Results have been analyzed in the light of the stresses that are experienced by women working in banking sector in context to their work and home lives.
Pages: 476-481
Swati Sharma (Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand )
Neena Rosey Kahlon (Department of Sociology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab )

Lifestyle diseases like Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are on rise these days. It is known as lifestyle disease because its occurrence is mainly attributed to the sluggish and sedentary lifestyle, and being chronic in nature, it is not curable but manageable. So, its management also involves a good deal of change in the style of living. Usage of the term lifestyle in the context of T2DM is different from the Adlerian concept that uses it in psychiatric terms; here it is mainly related to the consumption set of the respondents. The objective of the present study is to explore lifestyle patterns of the dwellers of Srinagar city before the diagnose of the T2DM and the changes in their pattern of living which follow its onset. The study employs exploratory research design, and purposive random sampling method is used to collect data. Unstructured interview schedule and quasi participant observation formed main tools of data collection during research. This study, which was conducted on seventy eight respondents, showed that the respondents had to change the style of their eating; had to subtract many things which formed a part of their daily meals; and physical workout became quintessential for T2DM management. It also unearthed various socially constructed myths about the disease which were consequential in the attainment of sick role.
Pages: 482-489
Meghna Maiti and Utpal Roy (Department of Geography, University of Calcutta, Kolkata)

Since independence, Government of India (GOI) introduced lots of programmes to improve the health condition of childbearing mothers and reduce maternal mortality. For addressing the issues associated with maternal health, safe motherhood and fertility regulation interventions, Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) Programme has been implemented at the national, state as well as district level and below of it. In spite of functioning of RCH programme, women's health specially reproductive health standard is far from satisfactory level and the disparity among states are still prominent and it varies from excellent to poor. Different analysis reveals that the state-level effects of various RCH services are significantly higher than the district level. But the unit below district level might always present the functioning and performance of RCH at regional in this regard. This attempt is an initiative to assess the variation in reproductive health status of women among blocks of Paschim Medinipur district, West Bengal. As reproductive health depicts the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth, preconception, prenatal and post natal care, but for the sake of this study, specific attention is given to a number of prenatal and natal aspects due to some limitations in data. Results of different applied measures identify the range of differentials between blocks that can be effective to reduce the disparity level in planning formulation and implementation for the poorly performed blocks in future.
Pages: 490-495
Saswati Jena (Counselling Psychologist, University, Counselling Centre, P.G Department of Psychology, Utkal Uniersity, Bhubaneswar, Odisha )
Sareeta Behera (Doctoral Researcher in Child Rights and Autism & State Autism Appellate Board, Member (Govt. of Odisha) )

The understanding and panorama of Autism Spectrum Disorder is often seen as a childhood neuro-developmental disorder affecting social communication and behaviour. Yet, some significant modalities of Autism pertaining to its epidemiological standpoints, pin-pointed interventions and acceptance levels still remain unclear till date. In the muddle of interventions, social exclusion, quest for acceptance and fighting for a meaningful survival; sometimes the abilities of people on the Autism Spectrum are left in the lurch. This not only violates their basic human rights but also their capacity of contributing to the civil society with their fullest potentials. The present study is an attempt to develop an insight on the abilities and booming prospects of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder. This study included 25 subjects from different special schools and inclusive schools from Bhubaneswar, Odisha. For the exploration of the objectives, it took a quantitative (2 by 2 repeated measures analysis with the last factor repeated) and qualitative approach to understand and valorise their skill sets appropriately, in their best interest. Results revealed that there was a significant improvement in sensory abilities of the children with Autism, when intervention was based on child rights. Type of schooling (Special Schools & Inclusive Schools) and type of intervention (Rights Based Integrated Approach & Regular Approach), both have significant effect on motor abilities of children with autism. Type of schooling (Special schooling) had a significant effect on Intellectual ability of children with ASD with regular intervention strategy. Type of intervention (Inclusive Schooling) has a significant impact on facilitating Emotional strength of children with Autism. Results were discussed in the light of changing the perception of society towards children with autism and giving more emphasis on ability valorisation. The uniqueness of each child with ASD was acknowledged and their Right to Life with Dignity was internalized to accept and respect them as they are.
Pages: 496-499
Vikas Sharma (Amity Institute of Clinical Psychology, Amity University, Gurgaon, Haryana )
S.P.K Jena (Department of Applied Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi )

India has a large cancer population and the numbers of new cancer cases are increasing which is going to exert pressure and pose a challenge to the health care delivery system. Sleep difficulty is one of the most important concerns of cancer patients. It can adversely affect the quality of life of cancer patients by producing subsequent depression and anxiety. Sleep difficulties are important consequence of cancer diagnosis which adds to the distress and challenges posed by cancer. The objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy in patients suffering from oral cancer on quality of life. Two group randomized pretest- post test control group design was utilized by the researcher. 40 participants consented to participate in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental and control group. The overall improvements in quality of life were greater in experimental group as compared to the control group. This study recommends the application of cognitive behavior therapy in people with insomnia suffering from cancer.
Pages: 500-507
Dishari Gupta and Ishita Chatterjee (Department of Applied Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata )
Sugandha Pramanik (Guest Lecturer, Jogamaya Devi College, University of Calcutta, Kolkata )

Violence against women is a major problem in India and it has a range of 6% in a single state like Himachal Pradesh to as high as 59% in another (Bihar). Intimate Partner Violence is a nationwide challenge and women with barriers in obtaining support are especially at a risk for poor health outcomes. Women workforce participation is essential for the economic development of a country. Social constraints often hinder productivity of women. As per NSSO survey in 2009-2010, the total employment in the country was of 46.5 crore comprising around 2.8 crore in the organized sector. The remaining 43.7 crore comprises of workers are in the unorganized sector. Informal Sector is the largest employer of unskilled workers. The NCRB reports percentage share of domestic violence against women has grown from 3.8% in 2007 to 4.3% in 2011. West Bengal reports a total of 19772 cases of cruelty by husbands and relatives, the rate being highest in India closely followed by Rajasthan, Tripura and Kerala. The present study was carried out on women working in the informal sector and the groups included were informal care givers or aayas, domestic help or maid servants and small enterprise workers. An attempt has been made in the paper to understand the kind of intimate partner violence these women face and how that impacts the quality of life. Multistage stratified random sampling technique was applied to collect data from 408 women workers from 5 districts of West Bengal namely Howrah, South 24 Parganas, North 24 Parganas, Purulia and Nadia. Different groups of female workers i.e Aaya, Domestic Help and Small Scale Enterprise workers differed significantly in terms of Quality of Life with the section of Domestic Help having least satisfaction in Quality of Life. The three forms of abuse namely physical, psychological and sexual significantly predict Quality of Life of which physical violence is the highest predictor. All the forms of violence are positively correlated to QOL. The study also suggests that there is an immediate need for young women's responsive initiatives to enable them to avoid such experiences and prepare them to cope with such harassments.
Pages: 508-514
Sanchi Jain and Priyanka Musalay (Department of Psychology, St. Francis College, Begumpet, Hyderabad )

Social Support guides an individual to endure difficulties and plays a significant role in contributing to overall well-being. Studies showed that social support helps to sustain positive attitude in cancer patients. The phenomenon of social support is highly associated with coping strategies which together influence emotional and physical well-being of the patient. The objective of the study is to find out if there is any significant relationship between social support and coping strategies in cancer patients. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 101 Stage I and Stage II cancer patients where 51 were male and 50 were female. Social support was measured using Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and Coping was measured with the revised Brief COPE Scale. Analysis of data was done using Pearson's product-movement correlation coefficient and t - test. The results revealed that there was a positive significant correlation between perceived social support and coping strategies. The implications and shortcomings are discussed.
Pages: 515-518
Pranjul Kathpalia, Radhika Sharma, and Rhea Khetan (Anil Surender Modi School of Commerce, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, Maharashtra)

Increased competition, changing business environment, globalization and the advancement of Information and Communication Technology are the important factors that have forced banking and financial services to change. Development in Information and Technology have given rise to innovations in the product and services designing and their supply in all sphere specially in the banking sector, finance, industries, customer services and satisfaction are their centre point of all the efforts. With the time one of the most important concept of e-banking has got attention in the Indian context. Although most of the banks have already implemented the e-banking facilities, as these facilities are beneficial to both i.e banks as well as consumers, yet banks are facing many challenges and many opportunities available with them .In the years to come, e-banking not only be acceptable mode of banking but will be preferred mode of banking and with networking and inter connection new problems are taking place related to security, privacy and confidentiality to e-banking transactions. This paper is a exploratory study which analyzes the factors influencing the adopt in and less usu age of e- banking services. The result of the study indicated that easily accessibility and convenient to use (68.6%)are the major factors for adoption of e- banking while lack of computer knowledge was one of the predominant reason for less usage of e- banking
Pages: 519-521
Narender Kumar (Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar Library, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana)

Library is a place where huge amount of data is kept for the use of existing and budding users in print and non-print form. Shera writes 'The library is a product of our cultural maturation'. After inventing the nascent technologies, the production of data in digital form is being done like a jet speed, but to select the relevant from the countless databases for concerned library is the main challenge in front of the libraries. The prime objective of the library is to impart the relevant information to its end users with minimum possible time. It has been observed by many studies that libraries are a research discovery platform that provides unlimited access to the most comprehensive and authoritative source of desired information of different disciplines like science, humanities, commerce, medical or science & technology. Latest research activities cannot be imagined without library services and online databases.
Pages: 522-524
Dharmeshwari Lourembam (Department of Psychology, Rajiv Gandhi University, Papum Pare, Arunachal Pradesh)

Life goals are cognitive representations of what is most wanted in one's life and every human behavior is guided, motivated, directed, and made meaningful by one's future goals. Life goals play a major role in an individual's life, especially for youth as most of their thoughts and actions are focused on their future goals. The content of life goals varies across individuals and among the various types of life goals; researchers have highly recognized the importance of autonomous and intrinsic life goals. Pursuing goals which are intrinsically rewarding, fits one's personal interest and autonomous results in well-being and optimal living. With the help of theoretical and empirical studies, the present research attempted to provide an overview of the conceptualization of autonomous and intrinsic life goals and the positive outcomes of such life goals. It further indicates the need for more empirical attention, implementation in various settings, and future possibilities in guiding the youth to have the right type of life goals and live the best possible life with special reference to Indian context.
Pages: 525-528
Radha Maddhesia and Anubhuti Dubey (Department of Psychology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh)

The propagation of diversity and expansion of globalization has led to multiculturalism and migrants may move temporarily or permanently, trans-nationally or nationally, individually or in groups, return to their countries of origin or migrate to another country, or move between two countries in a circular motion. The process of cultural and psychological change which occurs as the result of interaction of different cultures leads to changes in the original cultures or host culture or both of the cultures is termed as acculturation. Hence, bicultural identity is experienced by people and it will likely to increase in the nearby future. Biculturalism entails an identity when a person has established two cultural identities and is capable to alternate between two cultural identities- host culture and national culture. The paper will review psychological aspects of biculturalism.
Pages: 529-531
Mahender Singh (Department of History, Dayanand College, Hisar, Haryana)

It is quite clear from the archaeological excavations that the agriculture and animal husbandry went together. Even the pre-Harappan levels of Kalibangan in western Rajasthan, had domesticated cattle. India was also regarded as the home of Mung and mash. In the vedic and post-Vedic period mash enriched the Indian diet, cookery and religious ceremonies to great extent. It is thought that rice, which is the most extensively cultivated crop in the world and which serves as the staple food for the largest population these days, had its cultivation originated in India, Burma or Indo-China. India had 4000 varieties of rice. Eastern India, was, and is, the true home of rice. Thus the major achievements of the Neolithic revolution was the discovery of agriculture, horticulture, vegetation and animal husbandry. Furthermore, the Vedic literature indicates that the cultivators in the Vedic period possessed a fair knowledge of the fertility of land, selection and treatment of seeds, seasons of sowing and harvesting, rotation and other cultural practices of crops, manuring for increase of production of crops and the like. Jaittiriva Samhita mentions that rice would be sown in summer and pulses in winter on the same field. During the Buddhist period people retained their interest in agriculture. The usefulness of cattle was also fully realised by the people. The evolution of gardening is intimately associated with Buddhist temples and monasteries. The Mauryan period also, laid great stress on the promotion of agriculture, forest produces, pasture lands, cows, horses and elephants.
Pages: 532-534
Padmakali Banerjee (Pro-vice Chancellor & Dean, Academics Director, Amity Business School, Amity University, Gurgaon, Haryana )
Manpreet Ola (Department of Clinical Psychology, Amity University, Gurgaon, Haryana )

We all have heard of metaphors, also used a few of them in our lives. But have we ever wondered, they can actually help us present our state of mind. Yes, exactly the metaphors that we use in our daily lives are just another form of stating our thoughts. Over a period of time, psychologists all over the world are gaining a lot of interest in them; and are trying to use them in the therapeutic process, to alter one's (clients) thoughts. Through this review paper, I will bring to light a few advancements in psychotherapy using metaphors.
Pages: 535-540
Tushar Singh (Faculty of Manageme, Manav Rachna International University, Faridabad, Haryana )
Namita Pande (Dean, Faculty of Behavior and Social Sciences, Manav Rachna International University, Faridabad, Haryana )

Marital conflicts have harmful effects on mental, physical, and family well being, and three decades of research have shown the behaviours that differentiate happy and unhappy couples. Review of this work shows that the singular emphasis on issues and challenges in marital results has given an inadequate image of its role in marriage. In recent years, researchers have tried to give a more detailed image of marital conflict by in dept study of the married couples childhood, families and attributes, probing conflict areas in the situations that provoke issues and challenges to handling those situations with maturity of emotional intelligence and life skills of the couples in their given environment. Every marriage comes with its own wonderful benefits offering life satisfaction, physical and mental health and well being, and also with marital issues and challenges. These challenges can bring in stress and strain in the married couples, as the couples work through them it might result either into a break through resulting a stronger marital bond or their marriage can break down. This complete depends on how the married couple handles the challenges marriage offers. Working on the marital issues and challenges in a harmonious and healthy manner can be very difficult as source of stress and problems in a marriage emerge from varied sources. Basis of marital issues begin when the couples argue rather than communicating. Communication is the key to stronger marital bond giving them harmonious happy marriage. Clear, compassionate and effective communication, balances emotions and wards off arguments. Healthy and harmonious communication comes with emotional intelligence and life skills. Love isn't a state of being, it's a state of doing, by adding random acts of warmth, spark and passion into the marriage.
Pages: 541-546
Tushar Singh (Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh )
Namita Pande (Department of Psychology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh )

Mental image refers to any form of mental representation of stimulus that maintains its properties in the absence of that physical stimulation. A mental image resembles perceptual experiences of stimulus but is different from them because, in contrast to perception, the formation of an image does not require the physical presence of the imagined object. Imagery is a mental stimulation that involves long-term memory recall of previously experienced information and combining them into meaningful units. Imagery facilitates recall and plays a significant role in problem solving and creativity. Besides, it augments sensory-motor skills by allowing people to mentally rehearse critical skills and activities.This article reviews some key investigations carried out in this field and ends with some suggestions regarding directions which imagery research might take. This review is neither comprehensive nor does it claims to include all the researches that are being carried out in this area at a relatively rapid pace. Rather, it is intended to present a sample of some significant investigations that have impacted the theory and practice of imagery researches and to provide a direction for further studies in this area.
Pages: 547-550
सीमा (पत्रकारिता विभाग,जयपुर नेशनल यूनिवर्सिटी, जयपुर, राजस्थान )

पत्रकारों की सामाजिक-आर्थिक स्थिति विषय शोध इसलिए आवश्यक है कि वर्तमान समय में किसी भी कार्य से जुड़ने से पहले आर्थिक स्थिति में ढ़लना पहली माँग होती है। क्योंकि मंहगाई की दौड़ में पत्रकार का अपने कार्य से संतुष्टता व कर्तव्यो के प्रति कितना जागरूक है। इत्यादि कुछ ऐसे प्रश्न हे। जो कहीं न कहीं पत्रकार को भी सोचने पर मजबूर करते हैं। ऐसे में पत्रकारिता के लिए ऐसे लोगांे की जरूरत होती है जो पत्रकारिता के पेशे की प्रस्तुति जो मुल्य से भलीभांति परिचीत है। इस श्शोध के लिये प्रश्नावली विधि का प्रयोग किया गया है। शोध में पाया गया कि वर्तमान में पत्रकारों की शै़क्षणिक स्थिति ठीक है। तथा अधिकतर पत्रकार अपने वेतन व सरकार की तरफ से मिलने वाली सुविधाओं से संतुष्ठ नही है।
Pages: 551-554
Vrushali Pathak (Department of Psychology, Delhi University, Delhi )

The present paper attempts to explore into the matters of over-emphasis on women's purity and chastity and converting them into national honor at the backdrop of India-Pakistan Partition in 1947. India- Pakistan Partition in 1947 was not just a broad political negotiation but had widespread implications on the masses. Almost every sphere of life was impacted by this shift and transfer but women became significant and also 'problematic' during the process (Butalia, 1998). The present paper tries to understand these negotiations by analyzing three texts - Rajinder Singh Bedi's short story Laajwanti (1995) Kaili, a character from Amrita Pritam's Kaili, Kamini, and Anita (2009 edition) and a movie 'Pinjar' based Amrita Pritam's work, directed by (Chandra Prakash Dwivedi, 2003).
Pages: 555-557
Naveen (Teacher at Laksay Institute Rohtak, Haryana)

Impoverishment is the state or process of being impoverished. What causes this awful and growing impoverishment of the Indian people? Said John Bright, “If a country be found possessing a most fertile soil, and capable of bearing every variety of production, and, notwithstanding, the people are in a state of extreme destitution and suffering, the chances are there is some fundamental error in the government of that country.” The present paper reviews different factors of impoverishment of India.
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