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Pages: 746-750
Poonam Bharti (Department of Geography, Punjabi University Patiala, Punjab)

Classification of soil is a powerful tool to utilize our national soil resources purposefully and scientifically. The soil classification during ancient period in India was based on whether soil is fertile or sterile. The soils of Punjab-Haryana plains developed on the alluvium of the Indus system are dispersed three physiographic and climatic zones, i.e. arider (south & western parts of Punjab-Haryana plains arid to semi-arid hot dry, annual rainfall less than 500 mm, soils coarse to medium textured, alkaline & calcareous); ustic (mostly central Punjab-Haryana plains, semi arid means annual rainfall about 750 mm, soils moderately fine to medium textured, alkaline in reaction); and udio (confined to the northeast fringe strating from sub-humid, less-hot foothills, means annual rainfall over 850 mm, soil varying in texture, neutral to alkaline in reaction. In this paper classification of soils has been discussed and soils can be classified into 8 types.
Pages: 751-753
सीमा (पत्रकारिता विभाग, जयपुर नेशनल यूनिवर्सिटी, जयपुर, राजस्थान)

समाचार पत्र एक ऐसा सशक्त माध्यम है जो हमारे जीवन की विविधताओं, नित्य नूतनताओं और दैनिक जीवन मंे घटित होने वाली घटनाओं को शीघ्र प्रस्तुत करने की प्रबल क्षमता रखता है। इस शोध पत्र के माध्यम से शोधार्थी ने यह बताने का प्रयास किया है कि समाचार पत्रों में सभी सूचनाओं का प्रकाशित होना बहुत आवश्यक है। इस शोध पत्र की संस्तुति के तौर पर अगर हम सभी समाचारों को व्यवस्थित तरीके से पाठक के समक्ष पंहुचा पाए तो यकीनन पाठक के मस्तिष्क में समाचार की छवि बरकरार हो सकेगी।
Pages: 333-337
Amitava Sengupta (Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata )

Baul s are 'a group of mystic minstrels of Bengal, both a syncretic religious sect and a musical tradition' always searching for divined oneness. Baul apart from being a mystical tradition of sadhana, is also a life philosophy that practices simple living and rejects many things that are believed to be essential for modern life. Baul philosophy has its impression on Bengali culture, and is still surviving despite the blandishments of our consumerist society on it. The religious origination and practice of deha-tattva (body-worship) among Bauls, their understanding of philosophy of austerity, and in this age of all encompassing consumerism how Baul music is also getting appropriated in the 'fusion-music' were some of the issues addressed in this study. As Bauls always remained 'other' to all kinds of moral codes and institutional structures they faced serious threats and marginalization from the mainstream religious communities; the present ethnographic study also found them in the historical context of resistance/movement of the social-religious out-casts of Bengal.
Pages: 338-341
Ashar Ahmad (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi)

Human beings are a confessional animal. Spiritual Confession provides believers with a way to express their individual identity and address their relational needs. Such confessions establish a connection between the faithful and the larger community and positively impact the psychological and physiological functioning of the believers. This research paper primarily examines the impact of spiritual confession as a ritual on one's psychological well-being through reviewing related theoretical and empirical research works. The paper has also looked into the role of forgiveness as an intermediary of confession and psychological well-being
Pages: 342-347
Priyanka Musalay and Renaz Noorani (St. Francis College, Begumpet, Hyderabad, Telangana)

Adventurous participants are those who take part in sports which involve high risk and are open to learning and willing to explore new experiences. There is willingness to take risk for the sake of experiences along with rapid, unplanned reactions to internal or external stimuli without any regard to negative consequences of those reactions. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between impulsivity and sensation seeking among adventurous participants and to see the difference between men and women in relation to impulsivity and sensation seeking. A purposive sampling technique was used to collect the data. 120 adventurous participants belonging to air, water and land were included in the study out of them 60 were male and 60 were female. Barratt impulsiveness scale (BIS-15) and sensation seeking scale- Form V (SSS-V) were used to measure impulsivity and sensation seeking respectively. Analysis of data was done using Pearson's product-movement correlation coefficient and t-test. The results revealed that there was significant difference found between men and women adventurous participants in respect to their non-planning impulsivity, attentional impulsivity, disinhibition and experience seeking.
Pages: 348-351
Dhananjay Deshmukh and Deepika (Lady Irwin College, Delhi University, New Delhi )

Media has revolutionalised very fast. Today's children are growing up in a rapidly changing digital age that is far different from that of their parents and grandparents. A variety of technologies are all around us in our homes, offices, and schools. When used wisely, technology and media can support learning and relationships. Support for early childhood professionals is critically important. Educators need available, affordable and accessible technology and media resources as well as access to research findings, online resources and links, and a professional community of practice. Preservice and professional development opportunities should include in-depth, hands-on technology experiences, ongoing support and access to the latest technology tools and interactive media. To improve and enhance the use of technology and interactive media in early childhood programs, educators also need positive examples of how technology has been selected, used, integrated and evaluated successfully in early childhood classrooms and programs. Present paper is an attempt to understand how media is an important tool for early childhood education and what are the principles to be followed by educators to utilize it fully.
Pages: 352-353
Sonia Jangra (Department of Geography, JVMGRR College, Charkhi Dadri, Haryana)
Ajay Singh (Haryana School of Business, Guru Jambeshwar, University of Science and Tech., Hisar, Haryana )

Since couple of decades, many anti-environment and anti-nature activities are being performed by the people worldwide. In other words, they are exploiting nature extensively and indulged in affairs and habits which is highly unhealthy and against environment. The consequence of this unhealthy and unethical practice of natural resources lead to damage to the natural living climate for human beings. One manifestation of this anti nature events is global warming. Global warming is the increase of Earth's average surface temperature due to influence of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels or from deforestation, which trap heat that would otherwise escape from Earth. Global dimming is the gradual reduction in the amount of global direct irradiance at the Earth's surface that was observed for last couple of decades after the start of systematic measurements in the 1950s.The greenhouse effect is defined as when the atmosphere of earth becomes heavy with gases and substances which trap the sun's radiation, creating the Earth warmer. An example of the greenhouse effect is global warming and poor air quality. If we want to make this planet a livable planet, each one of us has to contribute in this direction to escape this earth from natural disasters.
Pages: 354-357
Surender Kumar Dhalwal (Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute for the Empowerment of Persons, with Visual Disabilities, Dehradun, Uttarakhand )
Shyam Lata Juyal (Department of Psychology, Kanya Gurukul Campus, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand )

Due to technological revolutions in last two decades, the application of technology to the particular needs of persons with physical challenges, also known as assisted technologies (AT), has slowly gained momentum. This is developing as a field in its own right. Assistive technologies are used to enhance and facilitate the autonomy, safety and overall improved quality of life of individuals with visual impairment. This article reviews various psychological benefits of using AT among persons with visual impairment. The National Council on Disability reported that people with physical impairment reported significant gains in their quality of life after the use of AT. Previous research suggests that assistive technology can be a tool of Psychosocial Rehabilitation or social main streaming of persons with visual impairment as they assist carrying routine cognitive activities. Given the confounding effects of the information era, assistive technology use has boundless benefits for people who are visually impaired but desire to access mainstream society. In this backdrop, this study presents the results of a focused group interview conducted with 30 people with visual impairment in the age group of 18 to 40 years with regard to AT.
Pages: 358-362
Ekta Soni (Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh )
Madhuri (Department of Psychology, Ch. Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana )

Adolescence is a time of exploration that often leaves them vulnerable to unhealthy psychological scars. Spiritual parental health surfaces as an effective resource for parents to support and guide their adolescent during this tumultuous phase to clarity, stability and success. The current study investigates spiritual health of parents among conventional two parent families and its association with resilience among their adolescent. The study is based in Delhi and the national capital region in India. Data was collected from 205 family units. Tools used to assess relevant variables were- 'The Spiritual Health Scale' and 'The Resilience Scale'. Incidental-cum-purposive sampling has been used to collect data. Findings indicate that there was a significant effect of the level of spiritual health of parents on the resilience of their adolescent at p<0.01 level among the groups-both parents high and both parents low on spiritual health. This implies that the level of spiritual health of the parent is associated with the level of resilience of their adolescent offspring.
Pages: 363-368
Vaishali (Department of Educational Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi)

The present paper is a part of researcher's doctoral work related to education of Muslim women in a Muslim habitation of North East Delhi. The paper explored the two binaries of social change, one which is transitional yet slow in terms of access of education for Muslim females; another is the gendered aspect of this social change, in terms of negotiations made within household and mobility. The author had in-depth interviews with the respondents and their mothers. Taking three case studies of adolescent Muslim girls, who just completed their school education, researcher reflected on the negotiations and strategies made by the young women in taking up different assignments related to their education, career and mobility. The paper threw light on their resistance in the form of bargaining to complete school education, pursue distance higher education or doing courses like- computer, tailoring, English speaking, and expressing their desire for love marriage etc. The habitation the local dominant culture of fostering seclusion of male-female but girls' have discovered ways of entering the public sphere by adopting different yet limited strategies within their households.
Pages:369-373
Taruna Narula (Department of Humanities and Sciences, YMCA University of Science and Technology, Faridabad, Haryana)

Child abuse has serious physical and psycho-social consequences which adversely affect the health and overall well-being of a child. Physical abuse of children involves inflicting bodily injuries or forcing them to engage in physically harmful activities. In Indian situation, it includes torture, cruel abuse, excessive punishment and restraint that create substantial risk of physical harm to the child. Child abuse also poses substantial risk to the child's mental health and development, sometimes even causing death. This is now a focus of public attention in the society. Cases of suspected abuses are often featured in the news media. Physicians and others in medical community play an important role in identifying possible victims of child abuse. Most researchers and authorities agree on the basic issue of child abuse resulting from parental misuse or exploitation of the rights of parents or of other guardians to control and discipline children under their care, which is detrimental to the child's health and well being. To study the magnitude and forms of exploitation a survey was undertaken .In this survey 100 sample size was taken of children and parents in Delhi's slum area. It was conducted for the purpose of study mostly children works as industrial labour and household workers. Most of the cases are of mental and verbal abuse, in which parents are also involved as they use abusive words for their children in anger. Even children are forbidden to go to school which directly challenges the government's law of free education. Survey showed that there is less awareness among children regarding government organizations which fight against child exploitation.
Pages: 374-377
Dilraj Kaur (Department of Sociology, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

India is a male dominated society where women are often seen as subordinate and inferior to men. Patriarchy and gender discrimination restricts women from getting information about sexuality and related ailments. Research indicates that population of HIV positive women is increasing. It is being argued that a majority of HIV positive women get an infection from their marital partners. These women not only lack knowledge about HIV, but also the power to ask for safe sex thus become a victim of HIV unknowingly. Married women don't have negotiation powers of the asymmetrical marital union. They cannot say 'no' to sex even though they know clandestine status of their spouses. Once these women become victim of HIV onus falls on them. They are often blamed for bringing HIV/AIDS in the family, thus destroying family name. These women are blamed for immorality and they are subjected to life of disgrace, violence, hatred and stigma.
Pages: 378-380
Shivani Saini and Kiran Maheshwari (Department of Psychology, MJRP University, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

The present study aimed to examine the relationship between loneliness and mental health of male and female army officers. Sample consisted of 200 army officers out of which 100 were males and rest 100 were female officers. The sample was assessed on Loneliness Inventory by Uma and Meenakshi, and Mental Health Inventory by Jagdish and Srivastava, correlation between the samples revealed that there is a positive and significant relation between loneliness and mental health of male and female officers.
Pages: 381-384
Ajay Sharma (Clinical Psychologist, Shri Auribindo Medical College & PG Institute Indore, Madhya Pradesh)
Digamber Jagannath Darekar (Department of Psychology Dr B.N. Shri Purandare Arts & Smt S.G. Gupta Commerce & Science College Lonavla, Pune, Maharashtra)

The aim of the present study was to see the relation in severity of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder on OBS index. A sample of 30 patients (male & female), diagnosed clinically as having OCD by psychiatrists on the basis of ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for research, were selected from out-patient department of the Post Graduate Institute Of Behavioral and Medical Sciences, Raipur (C.G.). Along with a control group of 30 persons from general population, matched with respect to age with the OCD patients were also selected. The major thrust of the present study was to see that OBS index will be of significance in the patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and there will be significant difference in the presence of OBS style index of Rorschach in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder patients and control group. It was found that OBS index and severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder do not have significant correlation between them. The severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder did not show any effect on the presence of OBS-index. Further, No significant differences were found between obsessive-compulsive disorder and normal control group on the criterion of obsessive style index. In essence, the present study highlights that there is a need to modify obsessive compulsive index (OBS) while identifying the cases of obsessive compulsive disorder in our Indian population or some other measure should be used.
Pages: 385-390
Harprit Kaur and Amandeep Kaur (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab )

Internet Addiction Disorder refers to the excessive usage of Internet. It is a multidimensional construct which is associated with problematic behaviors due to uncontrolled involvement with internet. This disorder is developing at a rapid rate worldwide, especially among the student population. Emotional Health refers to the individual's optimum management of his/her emotions. The emotional health has two facets, i.e. the lack of ability to describe and feel emotions (Alexithymia), and the deficits in regulating the emotions (Emotional dysregulation). The current research purports to explore the relationship of Emotional health among young adults with Internet addiction. For this purpose, four standardized tools, namely, Internet Addiction Test (IAT-20) (Young, 2014); Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) (Bagby et al., 1994); and Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS) (Gatz & Roemer, 2004) were administered to a sample of 200 young adults (internet addicts) in the age range of 20- 28 years. Further, the data was analyzed using Co-relation, t-test and stepwise multiple regression to study the relevant relationships, gender differences and predictive contribution. Statistically significant positive relationship was found between Emotional health and Internet addiction among young adults. Significant gender contrasts were also explored. Stepwise multiple regression output revealed that Emotional health, as a whole accounted for 73.7% variability in internet enslavement among the young adults. Results and their implications are discussed in the article.
Pages: 391-394
Parul Sharma, Pardeep Kumar, and Vivek Bhuchar (Department of Psychology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab )

The present world is a world of ample of opportunities to grow and people around always look for growth here and there. The personality here plays an important role in grabbing the opportunities and make our self the best and to compete in the outer world. The hardiness personality is a type of personality which focuses mainly on the challenge ignoring the stressors. The present study is about studying the hardiness personality and looking its relation with the resilience, occupational stress and job commitment. A sample of 100 (n = 100) primary school teachers were taken from different schools within tricity, that is, Chandigarh, Panchkula, and Mohali. Four tools namely, Singh Psychological Hardiness Scale by Arun Singh (2008); Resilience Scale by Wagnild and Young (1993); Occupational Stress Scale by Srivastava and Singh (1984); and Job Commitment Scale by Mishra and Srivastava (2001) were administered on the sample for the data collection. The Correlation is used as a statistics to study the relationship among all variables. It can be concluded from the present study that teachers who are high on hardiness personality are also high on resilience. The teachers who are high on hardiness personality have low level of occupational stress and also teachers who are hardy in nature have high levels of commitment.
Pages: 395-397
Anjali Sharma (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

Prejudice is the negative attitude that people hold towards each other on the basis of membership that stimulate different type of negative behaviors reflected in minor to major acts of discrimination. The premise of discrimination is dependent upon prejudice that leads not only negative relationship between groups or sometimes within groups but also facilitates distress among members of different caste or groups within society. The present study is an endeavor in itself to bring out this notion of discrimination and psychological distress on ground level and provide some specific notion regarding the outcome of having negative or extreme attitude towards each other.
Pages: 398-401
Anubhuti Dubey (Department of Psychology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh)

The diagnosis of breast or cervix cancer and its subsequent treatment has significant bearing on the woman's physical functioning, mental health and well being and thereby causes considerable commotion to quality of life (QOL). Hence, the present investigation aimed to reveal psychological distress and its impact on quality of life and sexual and physical adjustment with the ailment. In this cross-sectional study 108 women subjects with breast (n=54) or cervix cancer (n=54), on radio or chemo or combination therapy and 100 healthy women (control group) had rated themselves on DASS for psychological distress, physical appearance and sexual functioning related stress and quality of life. No significant differences in anxiety, depression and stress emerged in between breast and cervical cancer patients. However, when it comes to physical appearance and sexual functioning, the breast cancer patients were more concerned than cervical cancer patients. Both the breast and cervical survivors were found to be more distressed than healthy group of women. It can be concluded that cancer related to sexual sites in women develops the psychological distress with physical hitches and affect the quality of life.
Pages: 402-406
Bikram Keshari Mishra (Department of Sociology, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha)

The paper focuses on the specific strategic approaches followed by the corporate in bringing about sustainable development through corporate social responsibility. There is a vast intensity of social exclusion of tribal and specially women in rural Odisha. Multinational companies play a significant role in combating social exclusion of tribes through their corporate social responsibilities. The present paper examines the role of Vedanta Company in empowering the Dongria Tribe in Rural Odisha through its strategic CSR practices. Dongria tribe which is the most primitive and socially excluded tribe in Odisha is found to be uplifted by the Vedanta Company. The study is carried by reported information by the company and secondary sources of analysis. The present paper addresses the role of Vedanta Company in transformation of health, education and sustainable livelihood of rural people. The paper also attempts to examine the practical application of Corporate Social Performance theory by taking Vedanta Company in context. In Odisha there is vast disparity and inequality between schedule caste women and other caste women with regard to accessibility of health, education and livelihood facilities. The CSR strategy of Vedanta i.e., Integrated Rural Development Program (IDVP) has provided income generating activities through formation of self help groups of women and made them self dependent. Tremendous changes in the reproductive health services have been brought in the Dongria women and the literacy rate of the target population have been increased by the company. Vedanta Company has been successful to a great extent to empower the tribal in Rural Odisha by providing a health, education and livelihood opportunities through CSR. The company plays a significant role in combating social exclusion of rural Odisha and thereby bringing sustainable development.
Pages: 407-411
Chitra Mishra and Sandhya Ojha (Department of Psychology, Sri Agrasen Kanya P.G College, (MGKVP) Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh )

The present study is designed to study the perceived social support among male and female aged people belonging to rural and urban areas. The sample consists of 300 aged people (150 male & 150 female), out of that 75 participants of rural and 75 urban aged people were taken from Varanasi district. Male and female participants belonged to age group (i.e., 55-65 years) .The data was collected with the help of social support scale (SSS), constructed and standardized by Asthana and Verma (2005).Certain descriptive statistics such as mean, SD and t-value was used for analyzing the data. The finding of the present study revealed significant difference between rural and urban aged people, but no significant difference were found between the male and female aged people regarding ES,IS dimension of social support.
Pages: 412-414
Ekta Soni (Department of Applied Psychology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science, and Technology, Hisar, Haryana )
Madhuri (Department of Psychology, Ch. Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana )

Aim of the present study was to assess the effect of parental stress and control by mother on mother-child relationship. Data was collected from 50 mothers and their children. Age of the child ranged from 13 to 17 years. Tools used in the study were Distress Weinberger Adjustment Inventory (Weinberger & Schwartz, 1990) Parental control (Houston Community Demonstration Project, 1993) Parental Child Attachment- Rochester Youth Development study (Thornberry Lizotte, Krohn, Franworth, & Jang, 1991). Results revealed that control by mother was significantly correlated with attachment of child towards mother. Further regression analysis revealed that control by mother predicts the child's attachment towards mother by 12%.
Pages: 415-418
Gautam Parmar and Alpesh Leua (ASPEE Agribusiness Management Institute, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat)

The smartphone has changed human life to great extent. The mobile application isone of the preferred way of accessing internet technology on mobile. The present study aims to investigate factors affecting mobile apps usage. To achieve objectives the structured questionnaire was used and total 79 respondents were surveyed. It was found that all the users were using smart phone. The majority of respondents were prefer mobile application over website and spending Rs. 250-500 on mobile. The respondents prefer to download the free mobile applications on their mobile. To find out factors affecting on mobile application usage, the exploratory factor analysis was carried out and the factor analysis yielded five major factors. The factors are Perceived Benefits (Usefulness), Self-Efficacy, Privacy/ Perceived Risk, Status (Personal factors) and Peer Influence.
Pages: 419-424
Harpreet Kaur (Sewa Devi S.D. College of Education, Tarn Taran, Punjab)

The study examined teacher effectiveness among teacher educators in relation to organisational climate. The sample in the study was 645 teacher educators from 96 private B.Ed. colleges affiliated to three state universities of Punjab i.e. Punjabi university, Patiala, Panjab University, Chandigarh and Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar were randomly selected by lottery method. The descriptive statistics such as mean, median, mode, S.D., skewness, kurtosis, quartile deviation and ANOVA and post-hoc were used to analyse the data. The results revealed (a) The teacher educators had average level of teacher effectiveness and perceived good organisational climate of the colleges. (b)The teacher effectiveness was high in better organisational climate, average in good organisational climate, and low in poor organisational climate. (c) The organisational climate was positively and significantly correlated with teacher effectiveness in male group, female group, rural college teacher educators, urban college teacher educators and in humanities stream teacher educators. The correlation between teacher effectiveness and organisational climate in science and commerce stream teacher educators was positive but not significant. On the basis of findings, it is suggested that the management should give autonomy to principal of the colleges to enhance teacher effectiveness and the academic freedom should be given to the teacher educators by creating conducive/democratic environment and by providing proper physical resources in the college.
Pages: 425-428
Kalpna Thakur (Department of Psychology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh)

The present paper is aimed to investigate if psychological traits are significant correlates of criminal behaviour. This paper takes into account three psychological traits which are self-control, aggression and cognitive distortion and efforts are made to find out if these psychological traits anyways contributetoin dividual's engagement in criminal behaviour. The sample comprised 73 prisoners of Shimla, Himachal Pradesh. The data were collected from 6 police stations situated in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh after taking permission from the head of the police station. The analysis of data revealed that Low Self-Control (r=-.636**), Aggression (r=.694**) and Cognitive Distortion (r=.611**) have significant positive correlation with criminal behaviour. Aggression has turned out to be the best predictor that explained the highest variance (48%) followed by Low Self-Control (17%) and Cognitive Distortion (3%). Together these predictors accounted for 68% of the total variance, which concludes that it is crucial to understand the role of these traits and in-depth understanding of each psychological trait in relation to criminal behaviour offers an opportunity to the public at large to expand their knowledge on the importance of practicing and equipping oneself with healthy psychological traits to abstain from criminal and delinquent acts.
Pages: 429-434
Kavita Bhatnagar and Roopali Sharma (AIPS, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh)

Childhood overweight is a serious health condition, where kids weigh above the normal weight for their age. This prepares an early field for diseases like diabetes, high blood pressure, cholesterol and various other ailments that are actually related to adulthood. While the problem is global, it is relatively newer in Indian population but unfortunately; it is growing at a rapid rate. Increased consumption of fast food, sugar laden fizzy drinks, lack of physical activity and largely sedentary lifestyle comprising of watching television, playing video or computer games, playing on mobile phones and tablets due to the changing urban lifestyle are the major causes of childhood overweight and obesity.100 children aged 7-9 years staying in Delhi, NCR along with their parents (n=200) participated in the study. The Weight and height of children were measured and the BMI was calculated. WHO simplified field charts were used to classify childhood obesity and overweight. Parental Stress was assessed by Singh Personal Stress Source Inventory (SPSSI). Among all participants, it was found that a large number of children were obese and overweight. Prevalence of obesity and overweight was higher in boys than girls. The levels of stress in parents was higher in case of families where both parents were working. A high level of stress was found in parents of children who were found to be obese or overweight.
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