IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review

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Effects of mindfulness on psychological well-being among school going children Pages: 952-954 Mallika Vohra and Neelam Pandey (Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh) Mindfulness is an assert to be developed. It is an attribute of consciousness believed to promote well being .It can be cultivated and does mediate positive outcomes. Cultivating mindfulness , however leads to well- being and can be defined as a state of being attentive to and awareness of what is taking part in the present and its importance on its relationship with other significant psychological constructs and their relevance to a variety of forms of psychological well being. Many philosophical, spiritual and psychological traditions emphasize the importance of the quality of maintenance and enhancement of well being. The concept of Mindfulness has its origin in Buddhism and other contemplative traditions where conscious attention and awareness are actively constructed and therefore the practice of mindfulness among school going children becomes very important in enhancing the mental, emotional, social, physical health and well being and bringing about greater calmness, relaxation and the ability to manage both, behavior and emotions. It is therefore in the 21th century recommended that the curricula must engage students to enrich their lives and gain insight into the timeless dilemmas of human condition. Thus, being instrumental in the development of cognitive and performance skills in helping children and adolescents pay greater attention ,be more focused ,think in more innovative ways, use existing knowledge more effectively and be more be analytical with effective reasoning skills. Read more Get Access
Family connectedness and neuroticism among teenagers Pages: 955-959 J. Indumathy (Madras School of Social Work, Chennai, Tamil Nadu) Family Connectedness is defined as a particular characteristic of the family bond also referred as family or parental closeness, support, warmth, or responsiveness. Neuroticism is a tendency to experience negative feelings, marked by mental distress, emotional suffering, and an inability to cope effectively with the normal demands of life. Teenagers are the individuals belonging to the age group between 13 to 19years. The present study is conducted explore the relationship between neuroticism and family connectedness of the teenagers. The exploratory research design which is widely utilized to gain additional insight and explore the research questions is used in the present study. The exploration is used to find if the neuroticism of an individual has any association with the connection they have with their family. The data was collected among 127 students from 5 different schools in Chennai. Using simple random sampling technique students from 17 19 years of age by lottery method were randomly selected for participation. Eysenck's personality Inventory, Short Form (1985) and Family Connectedness Scale adapted from the FACES-II are the tools used for the study. The data is statistically analysed utilizing the SPSS 20 version software using parametric tests such as Independent Sample t-test, Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Linear Regression. The results of the study indicate a significant negative relationship between family connectedness and neuroticism. There were no significant gender differences in the variables among the sample. Regression analysis showed that family connectedness was as strong predictor for neuroticism in a person. Further significant, limitations and recommendations are discussed in the paper. Read more Get Access
Distress experienced by school going adolescents with risk for prodrome psychosis in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh Pages: 960-962 Gargee Kanhere, Nandha Kumara Pujam, and Riya (Department of Clinical Psychology, Amity University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh) Psychotic like experiences subject the individuals to varying severity of distress. There is a dearth of research in the experience of distress associated with the prodromal psychosis phase in Indian population. Since adolescence is considered a crucial point for initiation of psychosis, the objective of the present study was to assess the distress experienced by males and female school going adolescents of Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, with respect to psychotic like experiences self reported by them. A total of 406 school going adolescents participated in the study with 199 males and 207 female participants. The Prodrome Questionnaire Brief version, a self reported questionnaire, was employed for the study and the distress scores were calculated for each participant subsequently analysed for the frequency of the significant distress scores. The results indicated that 100 out of the 406 school going adolescents reported significant distress, in which, 63 were males, and 37 were females. Read more Get Access
Body image disturbance and sociocultural pressures Pages: 963-967 Aradhana Sharma (Department of Psychology, D.A.V. College Panjab University, Chandigarh) Dhara Khokhar (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh) Ones perception about his or her appearance, the feelings and thoughts associated with it, forms one's body image. Body image disturbance or negative body image entails body image dissatisfaction. It is linked with poor psychological and social adjustment. Sociocultural pressures towards appearance are studied to be associated with body image. The current study investigated the relation between Body image disturbance and sociocultural pressures towards appearance and any gender differences in them. 100 males and 100 females from the age range of 18-22 from the urban areas (middle high socio-economic status) were taken as the sample. It was seen that there was a positive correlation between Body image disturbance and sociocultural pressures towards appearance. Females were high on body image disturbance and thin internalization whereas, males were high on muscular internalization and pressure from family. Read more Get Access
Care of professional caregivers: A review Pages: 968-971 Harguneet Kaur and Anuradha Bhandari (Department of Psychology, Punjab University, Chandigarh) Nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or well in all settings. The profession of nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, care of ill, disabled and dying people, advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management ,and education” (International Council of Nurses, 2017). Nurses are an epitome of care. According to Stamm (2010), nurses derive pleasure by providing care to patients and by contributing to the larger good of the society. However, there are negative effects of caring which can have mental and emotional impact on nurses (Hooper, Craig, Janvrin, Wetsel, & Reimels, 2010). These adverse consequences of working with traumatized populations can be manifested in the form of burnout and compassion fatigue (Figley, 2002). Nurses have a longstanding history of witnessing the tragedy experienced by patients and families; however their own reactions to profound loss and premature death have not been systematically addressed. Unregulated compassion fatigue effects the quality of care provided by nurses (Boyle, 2011). Burnout and secondary traumatic stress are a cause of concern for mental health administration as the organization can function properly only when the staff is healthy (Rudolph, Stamm, & Stamm, 1997). This makes it essential to care for the caregivers who selflessly provide unrivaled and immeasurable care to people. This paper is a review of self-care practices, ways and coping mechanisms directed toward the enhancement of compassion satisfaction and reduction of burnout and compassion fatigue, consequently improving the professional quality of life of nurses. Read more Get Access
Self-directed learning among students pursuing teacher training course in relation to academic achievement Pages: 512-516 Amita Kaistha (Department of Distance Education, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab) The present study was undertaken with an effort to see the relationship between self-directed learning and academic achievement of students pursuing teacher training course through distance mode. A sample of 84 students was taken and administered with Self Rating Scale of Self- directed Learning (SRSSDL) developed by Swapna Naskar Williamson (2007) to measure self-directedness among them. The results of present study revealed that except learning activities component of self-directed learning there exist no significant gender difference in the awareness, learning strategies, evaluation, interpersonal skills components of self-directed learning and self-directed learning (aggregate). The study found that except awareness component of self-directed learning no significant difference was found in learning strategies, learning activities, evaluation, interpersonal skills components of self-directed learning and self-directed learning (aggregate) with respect to residential background among teacher training course students. Further, a positive relationship was found between all the components of self-directed learning, self-directed learning (aggregate) and academic achievement, but the relationship was not significant. Read more Get Access
Evaluating the content validity index of Spiritual Practices Questionnaire (SPQ) Pages: 517-524 Benkat Krishna Bharti (Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh) Ruchi Singh (UGC Post Doctoral Fellow, Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh) In the development of a psychological instrument, two essential aspects of psychometrics i.e. 'reliability and validity' of the instrument is required. In the present study the questionnaire developers starts content validity process with a set of 122 items by computing Content Validity Index (CVI) using judges' ratings on each item by considering the item's 'relevancy and clarity' rated by the panel of seven subject experts. Their ratings were used to calculate the Item level content validity index (I-CVI) and scale level content validity index (S-CVI). Scale level content validity index (S-CVI) was calculated by using the average approach. On the basis of the I-CVI, decision for retaining, retaining, revising and excluding the items was taken. Modified kappa was also performed for adjusting chance agreement from the degree of agreement. The final SPQ contained 120 items. Read more Get Access
Spirituality as predictor of self-efficacy, hope and commitment Pages: 525-530 Jagmeet Kaur and Imran Hussain (Department of Psychology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab) The present research was conducted to see the effect of spirituality on hope, self-efficacy and commitment of private and public bank employees. Various studies by different researchers are stated to see the effects of spirituality on hope, self-efficacy and commitment. Sample size for the present study is 120 (60 from private banks & 60 from public banks). Descriptive statistics, Pearson product moment correlation and linear regression analyses was used to analyze the data. The results revealed that spirituality has direct positive effect on hope, self-efficacy and commitment of public and private bank employees. Read more Get Access
A comparative study of male and female students in relation to time management skills Pages: 531-535 Usha Rani and Renuka Sharma (Institute of Teacher Training & Research, BPSMV, Khanpur Kalan, Sonipat, Haryana) The present study was designed to assess and compare Time Management Skills of male and female students of 10+2 of Science stream of Haryana state, preparing for entrance exams to get admission in professional colleges for medical and engineering courses. The sample of the study comprised of 410 adolescents with equal number of males and females (n=205). The range of the subjects was 16-18years. The sample was chosen by random sampling procedure. Time Management Scale designed by Sansanwal and Prashar (2007) was administered on the sample to assess Time Management Skills. It was hypothesized that female students tend to be high on time management skills than male students. The obtained data was analyzed by employing mean, standard deviation and 't'-test. Significant difference was found in Time Management Skills of male and female students of 10+2 of Science stream. Read more Get Access
Religiosity and its relation with subjective well-being among working women Pages: 536-538 Mujahid Hassan (Former Head, Post Graduation Department of Political Science, Government College, Malerkotla, Punjab) The present study ascertained the relationship between religiosity and subjective well-being among working women of Punjab. The sample of the study consisted of 150 working women from different areas of Punjab. They were working in different departments (education, health, social welfare & banking). The tools used for data collection were self made general information schedule, religiosity questionnaire (self made) and subjective well being scale developed by Sell and Nagpal. The results were analyzed by computing mean, SD and coefficient of correlation by using SPSS. The results of the study show that there exists a positive yet significant correlation between religiosity and well-being (r=.61), negative and significant correlation between religiosity and ill-being (r=-.28) and positive and significant correlation between religiosity and overall subjective well-being (r=.48). Read more Get Access
Stress level and coping strategies among IIT students Pages: 539-544 Subhash Meena and Saundarya Shrotriya (Department of Psychology, Vasanta College for Women, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh) The core intension of this study was to detect the level of perceived stress among IITians and their coping strategies. IITs are known to filter auriferous brains of the country and stress being a universal phenomenon taking toll on IITians has some significance. After already been through a great amount of stress during JEE, they develop such confidence that academic perceived stress is somewhere neutralized. A total number of 200 questionnaires were administered to IIT-BHU students for the present study, out of which 175 were returned and suitable for analysis. The sample consists of both males and females that were divided on the basis of their ages, 16-19 years and 20-22 years. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) by Cohen et al. (1983) was administered individually on all participants. As a result it was observed that there is a significant difference between junior year students i.e. 16-19 years and senior year students from 20-22 years. It was concluded that majority showed moderate level of stress as coping strategies were escaping strategies rather than management. In order to avoid stress, IITians indulged and distracted themselves in escape methods focused on coping with their emotions. Read more Get Access
Autism: Role of happiness and psychological well-being among parents Pages: 545-549 Chhaya Sharma and Imran Hussain (Department of Psychology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab) The current research was conducted to study the relation between happiness and psychological well-being among the parents of autistic children. This study explains the difference between level of happiness and psychological well being in autistic children and parents of non autistic children. To conduct this study, descriptive method was used. For collection of data purposive sampling technique was used. The sample size was 120 parents which included 60 parents of autistic children and 60 parents of non autistic children. The result showed that there was a significant difference between the level of happiness and psychological well being in parents of autistic and non autistic children. Moreover, there is a significant relation between happiness and psychological well being among the parents of autistic and non autistic children. Read more Get Access
Video game and aggressive behavior: A qualitative perspective among adolescent boys Pages: 550-554 Dhaniya and Farah Haris (Department of Psychology, Farook College, Kozhikode, Kerala) Videogames are becoming more prominent source of media in today's society. The aim of the present study was to understand the effect of videogame on aggressive behavior among adolescent boys. The sample includes 20 adolescent boys selected through purposive sampling technique from Koduvally, Calicut, and Kerala. Interview schedule, prepared by the researcher has been administered to participants. The study concludes that exposure to both violent and non-violent videogame have influence on aggressive behavior and thought. Read more Get Access
A study of consumer behaviour towards the gold jewellery Pages: 555-559 Kanika Garg, Manvi Thanai, and Payal Jain (Department of Management Studies, Panipat Institute of Engineering and Technology, Samalkha, Panipat, Haryana) Gold has a greater importance in our society. This study is conducted to analyze the consumer behaviour towards the gold. The main objective of the study to identify the purpose of purchasing gold, factors influencing the purchasing decision. For this objective primary data is collected from 150 respondents through structure questionnaire. Descriptive statistics has been used for data analysis. The study found that most of the consumer purchase gold mainly for investment purpose. There are various factors which affect the purchase decision of the consumer such as brand name, price, promotional schemes, quality, design. Read more Get Access
Socio-economic study of women prisoners in central prison of Dharwad city Pages: 560-566 Ravikanth B. Lamani (Department of Criminology and Forensic Science Karnataka University, Dharwad, Karnataka) Chitkala Venkareddy (Department of Social Work, Karnataka University, Dharwad, Karnataka) The study was designed to understand the reasons behind the rising criminal behaviour among women and also to learn about their life during imprisonment. Female crime is a crucial factor that disrupts family life and stability of the society. The nature of crime committed by them has changed from softer crime to heinous crime. To know the socio-economic factors behind committing their crime, their perception towards society and Prison administration are analyzed by using primary data which are collected by interviewing 46 Women Prisoners of Central Prison Dharwad. The data were collected by using structured interview schedule. The findings showed that lower Socio-Economic condition of the Prisoners have compelled them to commit crime. Lack of health care, infrastructure and employment opportunities are the major problems faced by the prisoners in Prison. Their observation towards the Society and Prison administration has significantly deteriorated. Results are interpreted in terms of current theories and implications for future are pointed out. Read more Get Access
Empowering women against domestic violence Pages: 567-571 Bhavjot Kaur (Department of Public Administration, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab) Violence against women is present in almost every country, cutting across boundaries of class, culture, education, income and age. In our society, violence is bursting. Behind closed doors of homes, people are being beaten, tortured and killed. It is happening in rural areas, cities, towns and in metropolitans as well. The term used to describe this problem of violence within our homes is Domestic Violence. Anyone can be a victim and a victimiser. This violence has a tendency to explode in various forms such as physical, sexual or emotional. Domestic violence is the most prevalent yet relatively hidden and ignored form of violence against women and girls. One of the most common forms of violence against women worldwide is abuse by a husband. Women who believe that a husband is justified in committing violence against his wife for any of the specified reasons, may believe themselves to be low in status both absolutely and relative to men. Read more Get Access
Aggression and emotional regulation among children across gender and working status of mothers Pages: 572-575 Priyanka (Amity Institute of Behavior and Allied sciences, Amity University, Gurgaon, Haryana) The present study examined the importance of presence of mother emotionally and physically in child's life. This research is to find out the difference in the level of aggression and emotion control in children of working and non working mothers. The aim of this study is to find out the aggression level and emotional well-being of children both boys and girls of age group 5-12. Two scales have been used in the study: Aggression Questionnaire Profile sheet youths, and Emotional Regulation questionnaire. Participants were 120 children. This study is based on 60 boys, 60 girls (30 boys and 30 girls of working mothers and 30 boys and 30 girls of non-working mothers). 2x2 way anova has been applied to analyse the data. In the result there is a difference in the scores of children of working and non working mothers. There is significant difference in aggression among children of working non working mothers and emotional regulation does not show any major difference for working and non-working mother but some significance has been seen across gender. Read more Get Access
Understanding of emotional intelligence and job satisfaction at workplace Pages: 576-578 Vatsla Mohan (Department of Psychology, GSSS, Kaithal, Haryana) Emotional intelligence and Job satisfaction are two concepts of high interest in the modern work environment. They serve as a competitive edge in personal and organizational life. It is generally considered that employees with higher emotional intelligence will have higher job satisfaction. This is because the employees with higher emotional intelligence are able to develop strategies to overcome the possible consequences which may arise out of stress whereas those with less emotional intelligence won‟t be in a position to overcome the stress situations. The present-day literature supports the fact that emotional intelligence is an important ingredient to prepare the elixir of success be it in professional world or in personal sphere. Hence, the present paper explores the interrelation of emotional intelligence and job satisfaction at workplace. Studies have shown that organizations should recruit trained and emotionally intelligent people so that they can handle pressure, multiple job-roles and produce better performance. Read more Get Access
Empowerment of caregivers of persons with schizophrenia: A group psychoeducational intervention Pages: 579-583 Fatima Jessy M. (Social Welfare Officer, Government Institute of Mental Health, Kilpauk, Chennai, Tamil Nadu) Jaikumar V., Prabhu N., and Jayakrishnaveni C. (Department of Psychiatry, Government Institute of Mental Health, Kilpauk, Chennai, Tamil Nadu ) Schizophrenia is an enigmatic mental disorder affecting 1% of the general population at any given time in any society. The disabling nature and chronicity of the illness mandates long-term course of treatment and care. In the recent decades mental health service delivery is undergoing a wide shift from institutionalization to community based care. This vests home-based care for the person with Schizophrenia on caregivers and seeks for their empowerment on effective caring. To study the effectiveness of a group psychoeducational intervention for caregivers of persons with Schizophrenia. The study employed a before and after without control research design where 120 caregivers of persons with Schizophrenia were recruited using purposive sampling technique. The participants were assessed using Knowledge about Schizophrenia Interview (KASI) and Family Attitude Questionnaire (FAQ) before and after the group intervention which focused on dissemination of information regarding the illness and other psychosocial inputs. The knowledge about diagnosis, symptoms, etiology, medication, course, prognosis and management were found to be improved significantly (t=56.33, p<..000) after the psychoeducational intervention. The participants were found to have a significant decrease in the way the caregivers expressed their critical comments, hostility, dissatisfaction and emotional over involvement. They were able to show a higher level of warmth (t-62.96, p<.000) after the intervention. Caring for a person with schizophrenia is highly challenging and it might result in a negative emotional atmosphere in the patient's family. The results prove that a periodic group psychoeducation intervention along with ongoing pharmacotherapy would be beneficial in providing better care for persons with schizophrenia. Read more Get Access
Psychological well-being: A theoretical understanding Pages: 584-588 Gurpreet Dandiwal (Department of Applied Psychology, GJUS&T, HIsar, Haryana) Psychological well-being is conceptualized as a primarily private phenomenon that is focused on the challenges encountered by individuals in their personal lives, social well-being represents a more public experience that is focused on the social tasks encountered by individuals in their social structures and communities. Understanding of psychological well-being is of much importance for every individual. It became imperative for sports where players have to undergone severe physical and psychological exercises and tough situation to perform. The present paper reviews on psychological well-being and its theoretical perspective. Read more Get Access
School leadership in India: Understanding the realities Pages: 589-594 Shadma Absar (National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration, New Delhi) Quality of education is greatly linked with the way the schools are organized and managed. School heads are considered as administrative and academic chief of schools acting as a hinge between the society and school. The development and progress of school relies on the Leadership qualities and initiatives taken by the school heads. In present times, school leadership has undergone redefinition and school leaders have to reinvent themselves owing to government regulations and societal expectations, other than teaching and supervising they are expected to be more student friendly, 'computer savvy', well versed with latest technologies in teaching learning and should emphasise om the all-round development (Venkatesh, 2012). The present paper attempts to construct demographic profile of school heads in the country based on UDISE 2014-15 data. The paper further deliberates upon the roles and responsibilities of school heads in the schools of India. It also discusses the roles and responsibilities as envisaged by various policies and committee reports. It also looks into the recruitment and training of schools heads in India. The paper concludes by highlighting the need of extensive research in the area and development of leadership preparation programmes for the school heads in the country to achieve quality in education system. Read more Get Access
Bullying victimization and adjustment among Ethiopian elementary school students Pages: 595-601 Waktole Demisew Hirpa, Damanjit Sandhu, and Kirandeep Kaur (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab) Bullying is a repeated behavior by one or more individuals that are intended to inflict physical and psychological harm to and social isolation of one or more victims through physical, verbal, and relational aggression for an extended period of time. Involvement in bullying can have serious and long-term consequences for both the victim and the bully. Though there are variations in reporting the magnitude, almost all studies agree that school bullying is a widespread problem. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study is to estimate the prevalence rate of bullying victimization and to examine the adjustment correlates of bullying victimization among elementary school students of Ethiopia. 809 (50.2 % male and 49.8 % female) students from grades 6 and 7 aged between 11 to 18 years were sampled from a total of 8 elementary schools using multistage sampling technique. 95.4 % of the participants were from Oromo ethnic group, 3.3 % from Amhara and the remaining 1.3 % from other ethnic groups. Data were collected using: 1) The Revised Olweus Bully/Victimization Questionnaire; and 2) Bell's Adjustment Inventory. It is reported that 37.6 % of the participants were bully victimized. Higher proportions of male students were bully victimized than female students, 2(1, n = 808) = 3.993, p<.05. There was a strong, negative correlation between bullying victimization and adjustment, which was statistically significant (r = -.351, n = 796, p = .000). It can be concluded that bullying victimization is common in Ethiopian elementary schools and highly negatively associated with pupils' adjustment. Read more Get Access
Personality dimensions as predictors of career maturity in adolescents of Oraon tribe in Chhattisgarh state Pages: 602-604 Vaishali Shukla (School of Studies in Regional Studies and Research, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh ) Basheer Hasan (School of Studies in Psychology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh ) Mitashree Mitra (School of Studies in Regional Studies and Research, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh ) The aim of the present piece of research work is to examine the predicting effects of personality dimensions, viz., extraversion and neuroticism on career maturity. Employing the correlational design 100 male students of Oraon tribe studying in class 10th within the age range 14- 16 years were drawn randomly from different schools of Surguja District of the state of Chhattisgarh to serve as Ss. For assessing the criterion variable. i.e., career maturity, Career Maturity Inventory (CMI) by Gupta (1989) and for assessing the predicting variable viz., personality dimensions Junior Eysenck Personality Inventory by Helode (1985) were used. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine for predicting effects of personality dimensions. Extraversion and Neuroticism have emerged as significant predictors of career maturity. The theoretical implications have been discussed. Read more Get Access
Societal tourism-entrepreneurship: A nurture trend in Indian spatial tourism venturalism Pages: 605-609 Vikram Bansal (Haryana Vishwakarma Skill University, Gurugram, Haryna) Ecological societal enterprises are the ventures which aim their efforts toward improving the general welfare of society and they apply societal-based strategies to achieve a societal purpose. The movement includes both non-profit and for profit ventures with non profit ventures using tourism venture models to pursue their mission and for profit ventures incorporating a societal agenda into their tourism venture model. The focus of the research paper is to address the nurture trends of societaltourism entrepreneurs in Indian spatialtourism venture including the history of Societaltourism tourism entrepreneurship in India and the new initiatives taken by various Societaltourism entrepreneurs. However, many of India's Societaltourism entrepreneurs continue to struggle as the Societal venturing landscape lacks appropriate sources of financing, proper regulations, societal recognition and suitable information systems. Therefore, it's the right time for various non-governmental ventures (NGOs), governmental ventures and societaltourism entrepreneurs to come forward to encourage further development of societaltourism tourism entrepreneurship in India. Read more Get Access
Human rights and criminal justice system in India Pages: 610-614 Nishant Kumar Jilova (Department of Law, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana) A corporation is a separate legal entity and considered a legal person. However, a corporation can be made criminally liable for unlawful acts done by its agents when they are acting within the scope of authority. The criminal act should be committed in furtherance of the benefit of the corporation as well as the benefit of the agent. This doctrine of corporate criminal liability is increasingly gaining importance all over the world and is a recognized principle in India. Read more Get Access

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