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Pages: 1163-1168
Toolika Wadhwa (Department of Education, Shyama Prasad Mukherji College, University of Delhi, Delhi)

Recent trends have shown an increasing usage of smart phones by the young adult population. Engagement with selfies, defined as taking and sharing selfies, is particularly pronounced in college going population. Concerns about this developing into an addiction have been voiced by adults. While there is no evidence of engagement with selfies becoming a clinical disorder, there is a visible preoccupation in young adults. It is in this context that the present study focuses on the nature of engagement with selfies and its interface with psychological well being of young adult women in Delhi. A descriptive, exploratory approach has been used to develop case profiles and undertake thematic analysis of semi structured interviews. The study found that young adults see selfies as a source of confidence building, self esteem enhancement, and fulfilment of needs for appreciation and acceptance. Editing their selfies before posting on social media shows low level of self acceptance which is detrimental for psychological well-being.
Pages: 1169-1172
Lijo K.J., Lincy E. K., Nehla Abdul Jaleel, Megha T. G., and Veena V. R. (Rajagiri Centre for Behavioural Science and Research, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Ernakulam)

Gratitude, forgiveness and positive emotions were the forgotten factors for happiness and well-being of humanity because the human beings searched happiness and wellness in what they lacked or in their deficits like resources, money and better life circumstances; and Psychology- the science of wellness was in busy with dealing illness. The paradigm 'Positive Psychology' shifted the focus of psychology into the attributes such as gratitude, forgiveness and positive emotions as essential personal strengths for positive life adaptation, wellness and optimal functioning. The focus of present investigation is a wellness context which examines the relationship of gratitude and forgiveness with grit among college students. Grit is a positive strength of individual to overcome the challenges in the pursuit of long term goals (Duckworth, Peterson, Matthews, & Kelly, 2007) related to education, job, success in business, and socio-economic- political hierarchy. The study was conducted among 121 college students (male = 61 & female = 60) who were selected through convenient sampling method. The variables, Forgiveness, Gratitude and Grit, were measured by using Gratitude Questionnaire-Six Item Form (GQ-6; McCullough, Emmons, & Tsang, 2002); the Forgiveness scale (Rye et al., 2001); and The Short Grit Scale (Duckworth et al., 2007) respectively. The analysis using Correlation Coefficient and Regression Analysis found that Forgiveness is stronger predictor of Grit among college students than Gratitude. Another important observation is that the nature of strengths and the development stage of college students play an important role in the relationship of Gratitude and Forgiveness with Grit. The study finding has implications such as practice of gratitude and forgiveness in educational setting with the support of teachers and parents towards building psychological strengths; and in educational and career pursuits of adolescents and emerging adults.
Pages: 1173-1178
Urvi Sharma and Harmehak Singh (Department of Psychology, G.G.D.S.D. College, Chandigarh)

The present research intends to examine gender differences in narcissism among men and women within the age group 17-35. A random sample of 200 young adults, including 100 males and 100 females is selected from north India. For this research, it is hypothesized that men are more narcissistic than women. The 40 item Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) (Raskin & Hall, 1979-1981) is used in this study to measure narcissism. The results revealed that men tend to be more narcissistic than women (t=3.7619, p=0.0002). We further investigated gender differences in the exploitative facet of Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI). Results revealed that men tended to be more exploitative than women (t=3.0349, p=0.0027).
Pages: 1179-1181
Mehfooz Ahmad (Clinical Psychologist, Bijnor, Utter Pradesh)
Mustafa Nadeem Kirmani (Department of Clinical Psychology, SGT University, Gurgaon, Haryana)

Self esteem is a negative and positive attitude of the individual toward oneself. It is an evaluative aspect of self-concept. Self-esteem is an outcome of one's life experiences and feedback from others. Hopelessness is a product of a key belief that the future will yield poor outcomes that one cannot influence these outcomes, and that trying to do so really is not worthwhile. The current study aimed at examining the relationship between self esteem and hopelessness. Rosenberg's Self-esteem and Beck's Hopelessness scale were used to collect data from 70 undergraduate students in Bijnor, UP. Karl Pearson Product Moment correlation was used to analyze the date. The result revealed that there was negative correlation between self-esteem and hopelessness. The current study has implications for college going students.
Pages: 1182-1185
Amreen Sekhon (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

Consistent evidence has shown that materialism is negatively related to satisfaction with life. This study is aimed to further investigate the relationship between materialism and atisfaction with life among the adolescents. It also measures the gender differences among adolescents on materialism and life satisfaction. The study consists of 100 participants with 50 males and 50 females who all are college students pursuing their graduation in the field of arts. The age range varied from 18-21 years. Moreover, this study has used the Materialism scale and Satisfaction with life scale to collect data from the research participants. Description statistics is used in addition to intercorrelation analysis to calculate the results.
Pages: 1186-1190
Priya Bhatnagar (Department of Psychology, Jesus & Mary College, University of Delhi, Delhi)

The ability of cognition lies at the epicenter of human existence and marks it distinct from continuation of other species. The omnipresence of cognition in describing and predicting psychological events makes it completely imperative to highlight notional and conjectural aspects of cognition with its implicit processes and explicit function. The present paper provides an orientation to the theoretical underpinnings and understanding of cognition as a process and in application. It aims to give an overview of emergence, nature and application of cognition as a phenomena and cognitive psychology as a field. The details outline the roots of cognitive psychology and its interdisciplinary nature. It attempts to delineate the mental processes involved in cognition such as attention, memory, perception, learning, language and creativity. It further distinguishes and highlights the higher order mental process of metacognition and focuses on the underlying implicit processes of metamemory, metacomprehension, critical thinking and problem solving. The paper also reflects the recent trends of cognitive models in application in other fields such as social, abnormal, educational and developmental psychology. In summary, it presents an overview of the emergence, relevance and scope of cognition as an imperative field.
Pages: 1191-1194
Ghazala Shaheen (Department of Economics, Patna University, Patna, Bihar)

Organic farming as we are aware of is a method of farming which uses organic products, i.e., green manures, bio-fertilisers, compost and discards the use of pesticides and chemical fertilisers. “Organic agriculture is a production system that sustains the health of soils, ecosystems and people. It relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions, rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects. Organic agriculture combines tradition, innovation and science to benefit the shared environment and promote fair relationships and a good quality of life for all involved” ( IFOAM). In India it is not a new concept, we had been doing cultivation organically till green revolution came into the picture. That changed the whole scenario of farming. Chemical fertilisers gave bumper crops and farmers were attracted towards it. But it was not going to remain like this for a long period of time. Soon the chemical fertiliser started deteriorating the land that resulted in lower productivity. Farmers were looking for alternative and Organic Farming came as the answer. Bihar was also not untouched from this revolution. Farmers were dismayed by the lowering of the land productivity and were thus attracted by Organic Farming which promised better productivity. This paper looks into the production, cost and pricing of organic crops being produced in the Nalanda District of Bihar. It tries to explore the problems faced by the farmers and what are their expectations from the government.
Pages: 1195-1197
Parul Kathuria, Vikas Sharma, and Manpreet Ola (Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana)

The importance of nocturnal sleep for physical and mental health is widely acknowledged and has been extensively studied. Sleep quality is like the barometer of mental health. It is affected in almost all disorders. Sleeplessness or Insomnia is the inability to get sleep, stay asleep or get a good quality of sleep. It can be short term or chronic disorder and people with stress are at an increased risk of causing insomnia. It can be a symptom or psychiatric disorder in its own right. Evidence suggests that there is clear link between Insomnia and psychiatric disorder. The present paper attempts to review the studies of insomnia and psychiatric disorder and establish the relationship between the two and also suggest future directions.
Pages: 1198-1201
Sameera Banu and Sonakshi Ruhela (Department of Applied Psychology, Amity University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates)

The current paper was written with the purpose of exploring and understanding the attitudes people hold towards sexual and gender minority groups, which comes under the umbrella term, “Homophobia”. It looks into the various factors leading to the development of homophobia and how this attitude causes disruption in the society. The study employs review of existing literature as its methodology. Results show that homophobia stems from gender role attitudes, masculinity, authoritarian attitudes, and religious beliefs, among many others. Findings also reveal that these negative attitudes further result in aversion and aggression towards the members of LGBTQ+ as well as the community as a whole. It is a major source of discrimination, violence, verbal/physical abuse, bullying and prejudice which has detrimental effects on the mental and physical well-being of the victims. Consequences of such mistreatment are found to be depression, anxiety, suicide ideation and other psychological torments. Solutions to the issue at hand can be sought through educating people, spreading awareness, respecting individual differences as well as legal safeguarding.
Pages: 1202-1204
Kirti Maheshwari and Jyotsna Joshi (Department of Psychology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh)

Body image is defined as a self-attitude towards one's body, it can be related with size, shape or aesthetics. The body is the first thing perceived in social interaction thus, the body image is crucial for the development of the self-respect. The media have become a powerful force throughout the world and strongly influence about how people see themselves and others. This is particularly true for adolescents. This article discusses how the media affect body image mental health and self-esteem and why the media seem to have such strong effects on adolescents. Body Image issues may appear when an adolescent girl's self-evaluation of her appearance interferes with her physical and mental health. Media exposure profoundly affects the stereotyping of the perfect body, resulting in a multitude of body image disturbances. This paper investigates the impact of the media on adolescent female body image.
Pages: 1205-1209

Pratibha Singh (Department of Psychology, V.K.S. University Arrah, Arrah, Bihar)

The battle for life commences right from the day of girl child is conceived in her mother's womb. India Every country is recovering from years of abuse in the time of the more years of economic suffering at the hands of the licence Raj. It is only now that globalisation, liberalization and other socioeconomic sources have given Some respite to a large proportion of the population. However, there are quite a few areas where women empowerment in India is largely lacking. To truly understand what is women empowerment, their needs to be a sea change in the mindset of the people in the country. Not just the women themselves, but the men have to wake up to a word that is moving towards equality and equity. It is better that this is embraced earlier rather than later, for our own good. Swami Vivekananda once said,” arise awake and stop not until the goal is reached”.Thus, our country should thus be catapulted into the horizon of empowerment of women and revel in its glory
Pages: 1210-1214
Tejinder Kaur and Megha Bhargava (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Only a few researchers have studied the role of infertility and other psychological factors on marital satisfaction among Indian couples. The main objective of this study is to explore the effect of infertility and selected psychological variables on the marital satisfaction of the couples and to see whether infertility interact with gender to influence the level of marital satisfaction. Researcher's shows infertile women were less satisfied in their marital life than their husbands. Infertility and gender had an interaction effect on marital satisfaction. In a regression model, gender, emotional intelligence, resilience and status of infertility emerged as significant predictors of marital satisfaction. Being an infertile Indian woman is definitely disadvantageous compared to the males and the psychological factors like emotional intelligence and resilience could influence the marital satisfaction in the context of infertility. The reviews on marital quality or satisfaction give us some of the correlates of marital quality. These reviews enabled us to include some of them as variables in the present study as there are not many studies available that have looked into the way emotional intelligence, resilience and infertility play a role in marital satisfaction. In this context, we focus on the relationship and interaction among these variables, keeping the Indian context in mind.
Pages: 1215-1219
Girija Kumari (Department of Sociology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu)
Sampath Kumar (Department of Sociology and Population Studies Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)

More direct efforts to influence fertility behaviour address gender equality in more specific ways. In low-fertility settings, many countries have policies that seek to raise fertility by offering various incentives, some of which make for greater gender equality. In high fertility settings, many countries in the developing world have had policies that seek to lower fertility. To examine the autonomy of women in fertility control behaviour in Coimbatore Descriptive study was done among rural women through multi stage sampling technique and a pretested interview schedule was used for data collection. Nearly 50% of them are between the age group of 26 -30 years and about 70% of them had education till Diploma/graduate level. The age at marriage was between 18-25 years for about 90% of the mothers. About 62% of the respondents have a high level of reproductive autonomy which shows that they have a freedom of thought on birth spacing. There was a significant association between age, education, employment, type of family, monthly income, head of the family, duration of marriage life in years and Religion with the reproductive autonomy. The study reveals that to improve contraceptive use through improving women's education and employment can play a major role in enhancing women's autonomy.
Pages: 1220-1226
Rishibha Kaur Narang (Department of Clinical Psychology, Amity Institute of Psychology & Allied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh)
Anjali Sahai (Amity Institute of Psychology & Allied Sciences Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh)

Adolescents and young adults comprise more than fifty percent of the population in India and globally. There are various issues of concern and challenges that they encounter in their life. Review of literatures and analysis show that increase in acceptance of pornography has led to uninterrupted and excessive viewing of it among adolescents and young adults which has led to violent behaviour, unprotected coitus, having sex for money, one-night stands, substance abuse, sexual difficulties and sexist nature in men. It influences their behaviour, perception about sex and encouraging them towards risk taking behaviour. it is affecting their physical and mental health as well as their social relationships. This literature review examined the positive and negative impact of pornography on adolescents and young adults and its future implications.
Pages: 1227-1231
Harprit Kaur and Kavneet Kaur (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

Narcissism has always been seen in a negative light by theorists as well as layman. It has always been portrayed as acting negatively in a person's life, negatively affecting his well-being and psychological health. A lot of confusion and controversy surrounds the question whether trait narcissism necessarily breeds dysfunctional and maladaptive behavior or whether people with trait narcissism can also lead a functional and psychologically healthy life. Self-concept also called self- construction; self-identity or self-perspective is a collection of beliefs and schemas about one self. Self-concept is undoubtedly an important construct in social sciences and is fundamental to psychological well being. It serves as an important mediating factor that facilitates the achievement of other desirable psychological, behavioural and educational outcomes that underpin human potential. The present study attempts to explore what type of self-concept do Narcissists and Non-Narcissists develop over the course of their development and does Narcissism have any influence on an individual's Self-Concept. A sample of 305 adults was collected from different areas of Punjab and were administered the Narcissistic Personality Inventory to classify them into two groups of Narcissists and Non-Narcissists. Both the groups were then administered Six Factor Self-Concept Scale and the scores were rendered to t analysis. The results were surprising; suggesting Narcissists have Amore positive self-concept and scored higher than the Non-Narcissists on the Agentic sub-scales of task accomplishment, power, giftedness and scored lower on vulnerability. These results serve to bust the myth that Narcissists are mal adaptive and mal adjusted individuals.
Pages: 733-740
Sandhyarani Moirangthem (Department of Psychology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim)

Suicide is increasingly becoming an important phenomenon, drawing emphasis on the rising need to explore it for successful prevention. The aim of the present study is to examine the prevalence of suicidal ideation in psychiatric patients at Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal. A clinical sample of 150 patients, within age range of 18 to 60 years, diagnosed with psychiatric disorders was drawn as the sample of the study using purposive sampling. Socio-demographic details of the participants were collected using semi-structured performa and Adult Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (Reynolds, 1991) was used to assess the suicidal ideation in psychiatric patients. Chi-square test was used to analyze the research data. Findings showed that suicidal ideation was prevalent in 14% of the sample, and the most common among them are mood disorder and psychosis NOS followed by dissociative disorder and anxiety disorder. It was also found that there was no significant relationship between duration of illness and suicidal ideation in psychiatric patient; however the history of previous suicide attempt is an important indicator of suicidal ideation.
Pages: 748-756
Vandana Pandey and Soni Kewalramani (Amity Institute of Behavioral & Allied Sciences, Amity University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh)

Adolescence (12-26 yrs) is the most rapid phase in the human development. It is transitional period from childhood to adulthood where a lot of changes take place. The personality of an individual contains Dark triad: Narcissism, Psychopathy and Machiavellianism (Paulhus, 2002). There are two types of narcissism pathological and non pathological. In the non pathological form the individual uses strategies to promote positive self image, maintain dominance in social hierarchy, they have positive illusions about their self and the pathological form are insensitive towards criticism, they cannot process shame, they do their work no matter how they do and they lack empathy. Selfie is defined as a self portrait picture, commonly taken with a camera or mobile phone held in the hand or supported by a selfie stick (Hendricks, 2012). There has been a wide debate that selfie addiction has changed to a mental disorder it starts as fun and then change to addiction and it is called as selfitis (Donita, 2015) but some researchers deny that it is a disorder. Positive life orientation was defined as a positive mindset in which an individual develops or constructs the reality in such a way that a positive meaning is derived from any situation and they expect positive outcome from every situation. The purpose of this study is to find the gender difference in Narcissism, Positive Life Orientation and Selfie Addiction among Adolescents. The sample taken is 100 students from different universities of Lucknow by Random sampling technique. The tools used in the present study are Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI40), Solanki Selfie Addiction Scale and Scale of Positive Life Orientation. The results indicated that there is a significant gender difference in Narcissism and Selfie Addiction and there is no significant gender difference in Positive Life Orientation.
Pages: 757-761
Sarika Mohta (Department of Psychology, College of Arts, Science & Humanities, Mody University of Science & Technology, Lakshmangarh, Sikar, Rajasthan)

The main objective of the study was to measure the effect of counselling on the personality of students studying in class IX. This research was conducted on 200 secondary of class IX, Pre-Post experimental research designed was used, counselling was given only to experimental group subjects. “Dimension Personality Inventory” of Bhargav was used to measure different personality dimensions. It measures 12 (six positive & six negative) personality dimensions, Activity Passivity, Enthusiastic Non enthusiastic, Assertive Submissive, Suspicious Trusting, Depressive Non Depressive, Emotional instability and Emotional stability. On the basis of the counselling interventions, there has been significant change at 0.01 level of significance in the personality dimension of Activity in the experimental group. The subjects were more active in class X then there level of Activity in class IX. No significant change has been found in other personality dimensions.
Pages: 762-768
Poorva Pradhan (M.Sc. Psychological Studies, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom. Graduate Member British Psychological Society (BPS))
Charvi Didwania, Eisha Arun, and O.P. Sharma (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Students these days encounter difficulties in their academic life that prevent them from carrying out educational responsibilities and challenges. The present study addresses three of these issues namely, academic anxiety, academic procrastination, and academic self-efficacy. They regulate student's behaviour through self-awareness, regulation, planning and enabling to take action or restrain academic potential by creating self-doubt, fear of consequences and tendency to delay the deadlines. The study examines relationship between academic procrastination, anxiety and self-efficacy. For this purpose, the study group consisted of 160 (80 students each for first & third year) undergraduate engineering students. Academic self-efficacy scale, academic anxiety scale, and academic procrastination scale were used as scaling instruments. Pearson's correlation and independent samples t-test were used to analyse the data collected. The obtained results indicated a negative correlation between academic self-efficacy, academic anxiety, and academic procrastination. Furthermore, a significant difference existed between high and low anxiety students in terms of exhibiting self-efficacy and procrastination. While, relation between first and third year students in terms of academic self-efficacy and academic procrastination was not statistically significant. These findings suggest that high anxiety is indicative of low self-efficacy and high academic procrastination indicates high anxiety among students which ultimately leads to maladjustment and impedes successful academic experiences. These findings are discussed in the light of the past literature and limitations and new directions for further studies are suggested.
Pages: 769-774
Samapika Das (Department of Basic Science and Humanities Institute of Engineering & Management, Kolkata, West Bengal)
Sanjukta Das and Prabal Kumar Chattopadhyay (Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal)

To determine the impact of obesity on psychological distress in the form of state anxiety, trait anxiety, depression and self- esteem. The study was based on cross sectional design. A total of 120 students belonging of age range 17-19 years participated in the study as subjects. They were divided into 60 obese and 60 non-obese subjects, who were further categorized gender-wise into 30 males and 30 females. Obesity was measured by Body Mass Index (BMI) in which obese subjects were selected with BMI of 30 and above, while for non-obese subjects BMI ranged from 18.5 to 24.9. State anxiety, Trait anxiety, Depression and Self-esteem were assessed by standard psychological tests. Obesity was found to be a significant factor affecting psychological distress in terms of trait anxiety, depression and self- esteem, whereas the distress area of state anxiety was not affected by obesity. The obtained findings appeared to have contributed to further generalization with respect to adverse effects of obesity on mental health.
Pages: 775-777
Binny Borkha Boruah (Department of Psychology, Gauhati University, Gauhati, Assam)
Mala Chaliha Talukdar (Department of Psychology, Gauhati University, Gauhati, Assam)

Anger is an emotion, which every human being experiences irrespective of the different conditions they live in. Anger is perceived as a negative emotion because of its hazardous effects on human life. Researches have distinctively shown how it affects our physical as well as mental health. The underlying cause of violent acts can be traced down to the feeling of anger, although there may be other perpetuating factors. Aggressive behavior refers to an act that is intended to injure or irritate another person. Aggression is generally defined as a behavioral act that results in harming or hurting others. It is one of the most prevalent and destructive behavior that we face today. Children are particularly at risk, of being either the victim or the perpetrator of an act of violence (Maguire & Pastore, 1998). The present study tries to empirically study the gender difference in overt expression of aggression in children. The tool that has been used is the Overt Aggression Test (OAT) by Vohra and Gupta. The findings of the study show that there exist gender differences in overt expression of aggression. Males tend to be on the higher in overt expression of aggression as compared to females.
Pages: 778-781
Mausumi Mishra (Department of Psychology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha)
Prabhudarsan Sahoo (Department of Psychology, Nayagarh Autonomous College, Nayagarh, Odisha)

In the recent years, the use of digital media amongst college students has raised measurably. The present study sought to examine the role of gender and locus of control on adolescents' perception of social media and their academic performance. The research adopted a 2 (gender) x 2 (locus of control) factorial design. The sample consisted of 120 subjects pursuing undergraduate course from different colleges of Nayagarh, Odisha. Results revealed that boys used social media more than girls and students with external locus of control operated social media more than the internals. Comparison of mean scores disclosed that students with internal locus of control had higher percentage of marks than students with external locus of control. Results were analysed and interpreted on the basis of adolescents' need for self-identity, self-expression, stereotypical beliefs regarding gender, gender discrimination, perception of control, women's need for higher education, economic as well as their social independence.
Pages: 782-787
Sangeeta Arya Tanwar (Department of Psychology, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Delhi)

Since a long time, North-East-Indian students have been experiencing numerous obstacles in their pursuit of higher education. They evidently face an array of psycho-social challenges in adjusting to the urban environment of Universities located in Delhi & NCR, mainly because of minor to major experiences of social discrimination owing to their physical and ethnic distinctiveness. This study assessed a sample of 63 undergraduate female students from North-East regions of India to identify relationship between prevalent forms of discrimination and psychological distress and general self-efficacy. It was revealed that 'Devaluing Actions' was the most prevalent form of discrimination and is positively correlated with psychological distress and negatively correlated with General self efficacy. Also, psychological distress and General Self Efficacy were inversely related. Most frequently used coping mechanism was found to be 'refusal to think' about the stress caused by discrimination.
Pages: 788-790
S. Pandey and N. A. Khan (Department of Education, MATS University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh)

The objective of the present empirical piece of research work is to examine the predicting effects of occupational aspiration on career maturity. Following the stratified random sampling technique, 1000 students were drawn from the different institution at Durg district India, to serve as participants in the present research work. The result of the study indicated that occupational aspiration was significant predictors of career maturity. It is concluded that there is sufficient empirical and statistical evidence of the prediction effect of occupational aspiration on career maturity.
Pages: 791-795
Jyotsna Singh (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi)
Khurshid Alam (Department of Psychology, Zakir Hussain Delhi College, University of Delhi, Delhi)

Stress is what keeps you on your toes during a presentation at work, sharpens your concentration when you're attempting the game-winning free throw, or drives you to study for an exam when you'd rather be watching TV. But beyond a certain point, stress stops being helpful and starts causing major damage to your health, your mood, your productivity, your relationships, and your quality of life. The Paramilitary forces in India are showing clear signs of work related stress experiencing its negative impact on mental and physical health. Various segments of the Paramilitary forces hierarchy differ in their experience of work stress. This study is directed at recognition of stress and coping strategies and the diagnosis of the phenomenon by studying the pattern of stress in the paramilitary force sample. Sample of 60 paramilitary forces from different ranks of BSF is used for the purpose of data collection in this study. The data is collected informally from the respective employees. The results suggested that on recognizing stress that can take a heavy toll in terms of health and job-related outcomes, we can make necessary adjustments and combat its effects. With this information in hand and the knowledge that Border security forces are a high stress occupation, it appears most logical to study the phenomenon of Paramilitary forces stress systematically.
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