Pages: 1551-1554
Nisha Chhabra and Suninder Tung (Department of Psychology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab)

The present study is an attempt to differentiate the delinquents from the non-delinquents on the basis of the most commonly and clinically used neuropsychological measures so that an early identification of neuropsychological parameters in children can prevent delinquent outcomes. The sample consisted of 100 delinquent boys (mean age: 15.7 years) taken from an Observation Home situated at Ludhiana in the state of Punjab, India, and 100 non-delinquent boys (mean age: 15 years) attending a regular school. The neuropsychological examination of both groups was carried out by administering (1) the Standard Progressive Matrices Test, (2) the Bender-Gestalt Test and (3) the Stroop Color and Word Test. Significant group differences were found on non-verbal intelligence, visual motor performance and language function. Delinquents scored lower in the intelligence test, made extreme deviant reproductions of Bender Gestalt designs and could read fewer words than non-delinquents. The findings made it clear that the neuropsychological status of delinquents differs from that of non-delinquents. The results have implications for planning proper prevention programs for vulnerable children at an earlier age.

Pages: 1559-1563
Narender Kumar (Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar Library, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana)

The concept of plagiarism is addressed partially so far amongst academic and research institutions; hence the plagiarism could do penetrate in research activities. Clear cut understanding and spectrum of this concept; the research scholars knowingly and unknowingly commit the same and get trapped. Presently, the situation seems swelter as there is no uniformity in the policy on plagiarism, even no policy has been framed so far by the majority of institutions and universities in India. Although, few institutions and universities have framed their policy, but approval from regulatory bodies like University Grants Commission, AICTE and many more is still pending. In addition, it has been observed that during course work of doctoral degree, plagiarism is not the part of syllabi, whereas, as of now it is overwhelming concept and must be introduced as a topic or full paper. Though numerous measuring tools are available currently like Turnitin, URKUND, iThenticate, Cross-Check, Check for Plag and etc. but to justify and analysis the report, plagiarism policy is required which is still unframed. Even, some questions are raised on the reliability of the reports of measuring tools as observed by the author. Therefore, the author intends through this paper to unveil many issues regarding plagiarism and try to develop the basic understanding of this concept along with measuring tools and try to identify the factors which compel the scholars to commit this offence.

Pages: 1568-1571
Ramandeep Kaur (Department of Public Administration, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

India's Public Distribution System is the most important social service and the largest single retail system in the world. The system provides food security to poor households of the society in the country, by ensuring them, their essential fixed requirements at lower prices than in the open market. Today, India has the largest stock of grain in the world besides China. With a network of more than 5 million Fair Price Shops (FPS), the government spends Rs. 750 billion per year to distribute annually food grains to about 16 crore families. PDS is operated under the joint responsibility of the Central and the State Governments. The public distribution system in India is perhaps the largest distribution network of its type in the world though it's not free from flaws So to make it flawless modernization of Targeted Public Distribution System is necessary. Modernization of Targeted Public Distribution System including its end-to-end computerization is a priority area for the Department of Food and Public Distribution. With the enactment of the National Food Security Act, 2013, computerization of TPDS has acquired greater importance. Some States/UTs have taken initiatives for computerization of TPDS. This Department had also initiated pilot schemes for computerization of various aspects of TPDS functioning in select States/UTs. However, such initiatives did not envisage end-to-end coverage in a comprehensive and integrated manner. The Department has prepared a scheme under the 12th Five Year Plan (2012-17) for its implementation in all States/UTs on cost sharing basis. The scheme comprises implementation of two components, namely, digitization of beneficiary and other databases, computerization of supply-chain, setting up of portal and grievance redressal mechanism and FPS automation. NIC is the technical partner for the scheme and the implementation agency for the Centre.

Pages: 1577-1581
Liyaqat Bashir and Bilkees Abdullah Puju (Department of Education, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab)

The present study aimed to investigate the Mental Health of senior secondary school students in relation to Life skills and Self-efficacy. The respondents were students from senior secondary school of Jammu and Kashmir. A sample of 200 senior secondary school students was selected from Jammu and Kashmir by employing simple random sampling. T-test and multiple correlation were employed to analyze the data. The study revealed that (a) mental health of senior secondary school boys and girls is significant, (b) life skills of senior secondary school boys and girls is significant (c) self-efficacy of senior secondary school boys and girls is not significant. It also revealed that there exists a positive relationship between mental health of senior secondary school boys and girls of Jammu and Kashmir with their life skills and self-efficacy.

Pages: 1588-1592
Liyaqat Bashir and Savita Gupta (Department of Education, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab)

The present investigation was conducted to examine the relationship between academic procrastination and academic performance among university students. The respondents of the study were 380 university students were selected via convenient sampling technique. The results show that: there exists significant difference between male and female university students in their academic procrastination; there exists significant difference between male and female university students in their academic performance. Further that there exists a significant negative relationship between academic procrastination and academic performance of university students. Moreover, the dimensions of academic procrastination such as time management, task aversiveness, sincerity and personal initiative were negatively related to academic performance of students. The result indicates that those who have higher level of academic procrastination they have lower academic performance.

Pages: 1596-1600
Kumari Neha (Department of Geography, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand)

The Socio Economic status is often measured as a combination of education, income and occupation. It is commonly conceptualized as the social understanding or class of an individual or group. Socio economic status indicates one's access to collectively desired resources, be they materials, goods, money, power, friendship, networks, healthcare, leisure time or educational opportunities and it is such resources that enable individuals and/or groups to prosper in the social world. The main objective of the present study is to analyze the levels of socio-economic conditions of people residing at Namkum block in Ranchi district. The aim is to study the pattern of income, expenditure and savings of individual, health status, and housing and infrastructure facilities. The present investigation will be carried out at the Namkum block. Namkum is located in sub-locality, Ranchi district Jharkhand state of India. The latitude and longitude extension is 23°17' to 23°23' and 85°14' to 85°17' respectively. This investigation will be completed through questionnaire, personal interview and collecting of other relevant information of the block. The primary data will be obtained through field survey and the secondary data sources will be census of India, 2011 that will be represented by suitable cartographic technique. Taking the above-mentioned methodology into account the present study tries to serve the purpose of categorising the tribal people in different socio-economic strata.

Pages: 1610-1615
Jaydeep Subhasis Hota and Pratima Sarangi (Department of Good Governance and Public Policy, Sri Sri University, Cuttack, Odisha)

Popularly known as Salary Negotiation round, which is extensively carried out by HR professionals only, has traditionally been seen as a process that seals the selection process. The process is nothing but a tricky discussion between the employers and to be employee both of whom have their respective predetermined point of orientation. Unlike business negotiations, this negotiation is largely ignored and provides a scope of research on how a salary negotiation process shapes up especially when both the parties are eager to collaborate. Through this paper we have explored the unspoken truth of a group of highly qualified professionals who in their professional career have come across several salary negotiation rounds. We have tried to devise the applicability of established business negotiation theories on intellectual capital negotiation and their extent of significance. While understanding the influence of human relation factors over selection process, the paper has focused on the preferred negotiation styles by both the employer and the candidate during salary negotiation.

Pages: 1620-1625
Nida Zakaria (Department of Mass Communication, Mewar University, Rajasthan)
Shobha Kulshreshtha (Department of Mass Communication, Mewar University, Vice President, Shri Venkateshwar University, Gajraula, India)

Knowledge, awareness and information play a crucial role in helping the country to lead its people to growth and development. In this regard newspapers have been playing an important role to achieve development process through informing the masses about the happenings of the world. The local newspapers have reached to the grass root level. No doubt that these papers keep the readers alert of the activities, mobilize the masses for an opinion and are d also helpful in fighting for the wrong practices of the societies. Here it becomes important to note and study how these vernacular presses are helping in the development process. It is a prime function to analyze how the newspapers are delivering the news. And whether the readers are associating themselves with the newspaper they read. Therefore the following are the proposed objectives for my study. To study the newspaper reading pattern of the sample chosen (Agarwal & Gupta, 2002). To study whether the vernacular press is playing any role in the development process (Ahluwalia, 2016). To study the likes, dislikes, preferences of the newspaper readers of Jamshedpur The sample was collected from the Under Graduate student. Students who newspaper were chosen for my study. It consisted of 200 students (100 male & 100 females). A set of questionnaire was constructed and standardized for the purpose of data collection. Purposive sampling technique was applied for the present study. Mean, were applied for the analysis of data obtained. The study reveals that the newspapers of Jamshedpur are playing a crucial role in informing and educating the masses about the day to day happenings of the world. Moreover, the readers feel that the regional stories are covered by these papers which are generally ignored by the mainstream media. Contrary to this it was found that the papers are lacking in the coverage of development stories like health, education.

Pages: 1629-1635
Minkesh Chowdwary, Basudeb Das, Masroor Jahan, and Tulika Ghosh (Department of Psychology, Shree Narayan Singh College, Motihari, East Champaran, Bihar)

Literature suggests that the rate of suicide in psychiatric disorders is 20 times higher in comparison to general population. The rate of suicide among bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia has been found to be 8-10%. Several protective factors like emotional intelligence have been identified against suicide. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence and suicidality among suicidal and non-suicidal remitted patients with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder and to compare these factors across both groups. The present study was cross-sectional hospital based study in which 40 remitted Bipolar Affective Disorder patients and 40 remitted Schizophrenia patients with or without past history of suicide were selected through purposive sampling from outpatient department of Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand. The patients were screened out by using PANSS, HRSD, YMRS scores and decision of treating psychiatrist. After taking informed consent, socio-demographic and clinical details were gathered by using socio-demographic and clinical data sheet. Further, Mangal Emotional Intelligence Inventory was administered up on all the patients. It was found that the schizophrenia patients scored significantly low on emotional intelligence in comparison to BPAD patients. Patient with past history of suicide scored significantly low on emotional intelligence in comparison of patients without past history of suicide. Emotional intelligence was found to be positively correlated with age of illness onset, education and was negatively correlated with suicidality.

Pages: 1643-1645
Chetna Malik (Advocate, District Bar, Hissar, Haryana)

The expression 'litigation' means a legal action including all proceedings therein, initiated in a court of law with the purpose of enforcing a right or seeking a remedy. Therefore, lexically the expression 'PIL' means a legal action initiated in the court of law for the enforcement of public interest or general interest in which the public or a class of the community have pecuniary interest or some interest by which their legal rights or liabilities are affected.

Pages: 1650-1652
Dolon Dawn and Sonali De (Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal)

Menstruation is a phenomenon that is unique to the female members of any human society. From the psychosocial perspective, it is associated with different cultural assumptions and beliefs that spring from various attitudes and perceptions of the people. This study mainly aims at bringing to light the male perceptions regarding menstruation in light of the Indian culture as a way of explaining the taboos, myths, and other cultural values. It borrows from a wide range of extant literature to develop an in-depth understanding of the thought behind some of the prevalent perception that could cause a traumatizing effect on their female counterparts and a reflection of the patriarchal bed that exist in our society .The challenge of combating the poor perceptions, culture, and myths is further complicated by the limited awareness of menstruation among women in India. This is because of the limiting upbringing environments, that promote misconceived learning. However, the fast-changing psychological and cultural aspects of the Indian society has increased the possibility for men to appreciate and positively embrace supportive attitudes and acceptance towards menstruation, as a part and parcel among their female counterparts.

Pages: 1658-1661
MD Intekhab UR Rahman (Department of Psychology, B. N. Mandal University (North Campus), Sabaila, Madhepura, Bihar)

Rape is the non-consensual penetration of the vagina, anus, or mouth by the penis or any other object the perpetrator chooses to use. Rape is an act of sexual violence that is primarily about anger, revenge, and control of others rather than sex. This violent act has a significant impact on the victim, affecting her in physiological, psychological, and spiritual ways. Victims of rape often have severe difficulties overcoming a rape due to their sense of a loss of control over their own bodies. Many have been physically threatened, and were afraid of not living through the experience. Rape is not just an issue of females either. Young boys have often been victims as well, though they often never tell anyone of the experience until much later. Literature on rape particularly rape of disabled persons have extensively reviewed and it is pointed out that as far as sexual assaults are concerned with disabled persons, almost 80% of people with disabilities are sexually assaulted on more than one occasion and 50% of those experienced more than 10 victimizations . Women with disabilities are raped and abused at a rate at least twice that of the general population of women. It is revealed that among adults who are developmentally disabled, as many as 83% of the females and 32% of the males are victims of sexual assault. How a survivor responds to and heals from sexual violence particularly in case of rape can be greatly impacted by many variables. Some of the impact of the trauma depends upon things such as age, how the person was before the traumatic event, the victim's coping abilities and who the offender was. What happened during the crime can affect the survivor's experience, too, including the severity, frequency and duration of the violence and the degree of personal violation. It is concluded in the present paper that Victims of sexual assault, particularly disabled persons from poor and marginalized communities, lack effective legal assistance. The national and state governments have taken several initiatives to support sexual assault victims, but without a monitoring and evaluation framework, they largely remain inadequate or ineffective.

Pages: 1673-1675
सादिका (संगीत विभाग, राजकीय स्नातकोत्तर महिला महाविधालय, रोहतक)

भारतीय संगीत की गायन शैलियों में ठुमरी गायकी का एक विशेष स्थान है। यह गायकी मुख्यतः श्रृंगार रस से ओत-प्रोत है क्योंकि इस गायकी में श्रृंगारिक भावनाओं की अभिव्यक्ति होती है। इसलिए इस गायकी के विषय वर्णन में राधा-कृष्ण के प्रेम प्रसंग, नायक-नायिका के प्रेम-प्रसंग, विरह में नायिका की मनोदशा आदि श्रृंगार प्रधान प्रसंगों का वर्णन मिलता है। ठुमरी गायकी के काव्य में मुख्यतः ब्रज, खड़ी बोली, भोजपुरी, अवधी व राजस्थानी आदि भाषाओं का प्रयोग किया जाता है। ठुमरी गायकी में प्रयुक्त शब्द रचना अत्यंत सरल तथा कम शब्दों वाली रहती है। इसमें शब्दों के ध्वनिरूप को लचीला रखा जाता है क्योंकि लचीली शब्द रचना से जो भाव व्यक्त होते है वे बहुत व्यापक ढंग के होेते है। इस गायकी में स्वर और शब्द एक-दूसरे के पूरक है। इसमें एक ही शब्द को कई प्रकार के स्वरों में प्रयोग किया जाता है। अर्थात् भाव प्रदर्शनकरने हेतु स्वरों को विभिन्न प्रकार के घुमाव-फिराव के साथ प्रयोग किया जाता है। इसमें स्वरों के द्वारा शब्द-सौन्दर्य तथा शब्दों के द्वारा स्वर-सौन्दर्य दोनों ही आते है। अर्थात इसमें स्वर-विस्तार और बोल-विस्तार साथ ही साथ चलते है। यह गायकी पूर्ण रूप से रोमांचकारी है परन्तु पूर्ण रूप से अनुशासित नहीं है। व्यावहारिक रूप से इसमें कल्पना को पूर्ण स्वतन्त्रता प्राप्त है। ठुमरी गायकी में प्रायः लोकधुनों से नाता रखने वाली नाजुक प्रकृति की राग-रागनियों का प्रयोग अधिक होता है। इस गायकी को केवल उन्हीं रागों में गाया जाता है जो राग चंचल प्रकृति के होते है। ठुमरी में छोटे आलापों, तानों, बोलतानों, मुर्की, खटका, कण, मींड आदि का प्रयोग किया जाता है तथा भावों को प्रभावशाली ढंग से प्रस्तुत करने के लिए ध्वनि में उतार-चढ़ाव अधिक किया जाता है। इस गायकी में कुछ सीमित तालों का प्रयोग किया जाता है। ठुमरी गीत रचना में निहित बोलों की गयात्मकता और भावाभिव्यंजनात्मक गुणों के आधार पर कालांतर में इसके दो प्रमुख भेद हो गये है जिन्हें क्रमशः बोलबांट की ठुमरी और बोल बनाव की ठुमरी कहा जाता है। ठुमरी गायकी के अंगों का विस्तारपूर्वक विश्लेषण करने के पश्चात यह स्पष्ट होता है कि यह गायकी पूर्ण रूप से श्रृंगार रस से ओत-प्रोत है ओर यदि ध्यानपूर्वक देखा जाए तो यह बात स्पष्ट होती है कि ‘ठुमरी गायकी’ में सभी हिन्दुस्तानी शैलियों की मुख्य विशेषताएं पाई जाती है।