Pages: 1998-2001
Sangeeta Bhatia (Department of Psychology, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi)

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease. As also is the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health as one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of economic or social condition. The pertinent issue here is what proportion of the population has access to quality health care, and what are the options for disease management. Poor health is a significant determiner of overall burden, and data show that life-style factors are a huge risk for impairment and future disabilities due to chronic illnesses such as hypertension, diabetes and/or even cancer. With limited access to modern methods of treatment in the remote areas or un-affordability of healthcare, and a lack of awareness for prevention creates significant challenges. So far the efforts of the government to provide healthcare services relying on the western model of disease and treatment are limited. The latter does not envisage mental and social resources of a patient as factors in effective treatment, nor considers a cultural perspective of illness. There has been resistance to immunization programs, and a lack of awareness for primary prevention to ward off infections or diseases. India, is known for its ancient medical traditions such as Ayurveda and Unani systems that treat an individual's disease in a holistic manner where the physical body is assumed to be integrated to the mental and spiritual aspects. Therefore 'health literacy' becomes an essential tool for maintenance of health and well-being. The present article reiterates use of traditional knowledge systems for making holistic health the target through planned interventions. Skill development should especially focus on youth who can subsequently become peer facilitators for outreach programs and become productive future adults. Strategies for community participation can be implemented at the local level through panchayat systems, or in educational settings if the teacher-as-trainer model is incorporated. The way forward is self-empowerment through healing the mind and the body based on beliefs that are rooted in our culture, such as Yoga, mindfulness based interventions, balanced diet, stress management, self-regulation and an active daily life as part of a ‘Health Literacy' program.

Pages: 2009-2013
Nidhi Prakash (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi)

Community Capacity Building is an approach to social and personal development that focuses on understanding and removing the individual, interpersonal, institutional and social obstacles that inhibit people and communities from realizing their developmental goals. Using training as a tool for development, the objective of the present study was to examine the role of a training initiative and its effectiveness in community capacity building. A training workshop titled 'Towards becoming a Professional: A Psychosocial Approach to Self-development and Growth' was developed and delivered to a group of 18 university students and teachers. The resulting knowledge acquisition and skill development were examined at the Reaction and Learning levels of training evaluation. Results indicated positive impact of training at the reaction and learning levels of evaluation. At the reaction level, participants' qualitative remarks indicated knowledge acquisition, relevance of workshop content, experiential learning, and effectiveness of trainers' delivery and personal connection. Quantitative analysis indicated a favorable response towards the objectives, curriculum, trainer, time, length and facilities. At the learning level, students benefitted in developing their understanding of self, skills for lifelong learning and competence building, and tools for building trusting cultures. The benefits of the training to the students, trainers and participating institutions were examined and their implications for community capacity building were discussed. The paper addresses the role of training within a data-driven, action research paradigm for meeting the goals of community capacity building by designing interventions that address multiple levels, i.e. institutions, trainers and students.

Pages: 2019-2024
Sukhmani Kaur Dhillon (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

The aim of the present study was to study the causal relationship of narcissism with selfitis and self-esteem among age difference of adolescence (15 years to 18 years) and young adults (22 years to 25 years). On the basis of review of literature two hypotheses are formulated. H1: It is expected that Narcissism, self esteem (SE) and selfitis will be related to each other. H2:It is expected that there will be significant difference between adolescence and young adults on Narcissism, self esteem and selfitis. H3: It is expected that there will be significant difference between males and females on Narcissism, self esteem and selfitis. ANOVA was conducted on all the variables. At the age of adolescence, Females are high on narcissism and selfitis and low on self-esteem but as they enter the age of young adults there show high self-esteem and low narcissism and selfitis. Opposite results are seen in male sample, who are low on narcissism and selfitis and high on self-esteem in their adolescence but in young adulthood, they show a drastic increase in narcissism and selfitis and drastic decrease in self esteem. Hypothesis H1 and H2 are accepted and H3 is rejected. Regression Analysis shows the coffectient of 0.328 which means that the model it 32.8% fit. This research has shown that how narcissism affects selfitis and self-esteem on gender and age differences.

Pages: 2028-2034
Poonam Vats and Palak Aggarwal (Department of Psychology, Mata Sundri College for Women, University of Delhi, Delhi)

Mobile phone is a valuable human invention however it is commonly seen that mobile phones are one of the common means of addiction too. The present study aims to explore mobile phone addiction among young male adults and compare their personality traits. Two psychological tools were used to measure the variables taken in the study. Two scales were used Mobile Phone Addiction and NEO Five Factor Inventory on 150 undergraduate students of third year were selected for the study from different colleges of Delhi /NCR region. The study was conducted in two phases. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used to select the two criterion groups (addicted & non-addicted). Data was analyzed with the help of Descriptive and Inferential statistics. Results showed that males with mobile phone addiction were less conscientious, less open to experience and more disagreeable in comparison to males without mobile addiction. The study can serve as a future prospect in the field of cyber and applied social psychology with the purpose of creating awareness among Indian society about harmful consequences of mobile phone addiction.

Pages: 2040-2044
Hardeep Kaur (Department of Social Work, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

Intellectual disability is the contemporary term that describes the phenomenon known as mental retardation or sub normality. Presence of an intellectually disabled child in the family, at times gives rise to disequilibrium, which is eventually followed by adjustment to life with or without any undue stress. These stresses emerge and reemerge during the upbringing of the child and in the long run may also result in resentment due inability to change the situation. One time support does not relieve the parents from the problems emerging on daily basis. Families are thus required to be strong in order to cater to the demands and the pressures that come up during the process of upbringing of their child. This paper outlines the parental issues related to the child with intellectual disability and some of the factors that construct a strong family which include effective communication, cohesion, emotional regulation and resilience.

Pages: 2051-2054
Abhijatya Dhar (Department of Clinical Psychology, Amity Institute of Behavioural Health and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh)

“There is bad blood between psychoanalysis and attachment theory. As with many family feuds, it is hard to identify where the problem began” (Fonagy, 2001, p. 1). The operative word to focus on, one could say is 'family feud,' as attachment theory had its roots in psychoanalytic thinking. Bowlby first conceptualized attachment theory in the 1950s (Slade, 2000) and his conceptualization came about from his observation of hospitalized children and delinquent boys all of whom had experienced separations, traumatic loss or abandonment at an early age (Bowlby, 1944; Bowlby & Robertson, 1952). This paper attempts to shed light on how the findings of the attachment theory-based contemporary researches are in fact reinforcing some of the postulates of psychoanalytical developmental theories.

Pages: 2058-2061
Sana Khan (Defence Institute of Psychological Research, DRDO, New Delhi)

A democratic nation, especially India, comprises of people from various regions, religions, castes, and languages, but beyond these differences, having a common identity and common consciousness is a prerequisite for national integration. A low level national integration creates social tension, prejudice and conflicts. In contrast, high level national integration motivates people to respect diversity, encourage cultural interaction, understanding among people and respect constitutional rights. Present paper aims to prepare an anthology of psychological theories that can play role in national integration. It discusses the role of social conflict theory in national integration as has been found to have an adverse impact national integration. Together with this, psychological techniques have been discussed that plays a role in social conflict resolution and national integration.

Pages: 2064-2067
Thomas Kurian (Anchery) and Nishi Tripathi (Department of Psychology, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh)

This article is an effort to overview the outcome of various studies in the 'QoL of cancer persons based on review of literature'. From 'descriptive study' which shows that the quality of some domains of organism is damaged through the treatments for cancer. Regarding the 'overview on researches', cancer is a fast growing and one of the most important life-intimidating diseases harshly affecting humanity in recent decades. The term 'quality of life' (QOL) is applied for assessing the overall welfare, happiness and physical health of persons and societies. The World Health Organization (WHO)defines quality of life (QoL) as “individual perception of life, values, objectives, standards, and interests in the framework of culture”. The Quality of Life Questionnaire a generic English language version 'WHOQOL-BREF' is the most widely used one especially by the researchers. We can treat cancer by operation, radiation, chemotherapy, hormonal treatment and targeted therapy. Mortimer (1999) and others; carry out a study on “Improving the quality and quantity of life among patients with cancer”. They come to a conclusion that; there is forceful proof indicates that; group psychotherapy will helps to get better the QOL of people those who have cancer. Kurian (2019), author of this article, carry out a research on “Anxiety, Depression and Quality of Life among Cancer Patients: An Eclectic Counselling Intervention”. The study comprehended that correlation worth of post-eclectic counselling cancer patients is significant in comparison to pre-eclectic counselling cancer patients and thus accepted the alternative theory. Hence, post-eclectic counselling cancer patients' exhibits much better quality of life than pre-eclectic counselling cancer patients. An assessment of various studies related with the topic of discussion gives awareness to the physiological, psychological and social characteristics into our consideration. Studies reveal that the psychological intervention has a strong positive outcome and progress in the overall quality of life (QOL) of cancer persons.

Pages: 2071-2073
Inamul Haq (Centre for Gandhian Thought and Peace Studies Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat)

Arbitrary detention is the imprisonment of a person without proper evidence that he/she committed a crime or a case in which due process of law has not been properly followed (McChrystal, 2016). In other words, it means the holding of a person without trial when the evidence available is not sufficient for him or her to be charged or for a conviction to be secured by legal proof. The United Nations Human Rights Committee (1964) explains arbitrary detentions as imprisonment or arrest that are carried out by the state and includes the elements of inappropriateness, injustice, lack of predictability and due process of law. The United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention has broadly defined arbitrary detention as: (a) Detention that have no valid legal basis. (b) Are intended to deny the detainee the exercise of the fundamental rights guaranteed by either domestic or international law (United Nations Manual, 2003).

Pages: 2077-2080
Ridhima Duggal (Department of Psychology, (North Campus), University of Delhi, Delhi)

In the recent times, issues like malnutrition, unhealthy diet, smoking, higher alcohol consumption, inadequate exercise, drug abuse and erratic sleeping patterns are on the rise and have an adverse effect on the health of people. Incidence rate of health problems like cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, type 2 diabetes and cancer has also increased drastically. Keeping this in mind, the present study was designed to study the effect of incentive-based step tracking app on fitness level of people. It was believed that incentives based on the principle of operant conditioning and behavioural economics can be instrumental in enhancing the physical activity of people. The study employed the repeated measures design wherein a sample consisting of ten participants were exposed to two treatment conditions. The study was carried out in two phases. In the first phase, weight and step count of the participants was recorded by using the apps already installed in the smart phones for this purpose. In the second phase of the study, the participants were asked to install a new app known as 'Step Set Go' (SSG) in their mobiles, which acted as an intervention or treatment condition for the participants. Step count and weight of people was recorded even after the installation of this app. Results were analysed using Wilcoxon matched pair test and Rank difference correlation method. A significant difference was found between the two treatment groups and it was reported that incentive-based step tracking app leads to an increase in step count and decreases weight of people. However, no significant relation was found to exist between step count and weight.

Pages: 2084-2087
Dinesh Deman (Psychiatric Social Worker (Retd.), Psychiatric Centre SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan)
Sanjeewani Hettiarachchi (Psychiatric Social Worker, National Institute of Mental Health, Sri-Lanka, South Asia)

Women's empowerment issue has been existing since a long time in our present social system. The major issues of dowry problem, domestic violation, restriction of widow remarriage and child marriage etc have been persisting in Hindu society. The empowerment of women could be emerged in the society but it is only possible by the mental health of the women and ultimately become well being. For the mental health care of the women is concern, the joint family system was playing significant role by the head of the family but the concept of joint family system has been slowly collapsed in the 21st century throughout the under develop countries. But in Sri-Lanka there is the concept of extended family systems which is slowly converted into nuclear family system in present time. Now, all the members of a family are living separately and having their own life-style, which in not controlled by the head of the unit, as it used to be in earlier times, but sometime women do not accept these changes in the family, which results in mental health problems due to inter personal conflict with the family members. Without mental health, it is difficult rather impossible for them to become empowered not only, in the Indian society even society of Sri-Lankan. The mental health of women will not suffer, if there is love and affection in the family. The criteria of support and affection in the family environment depends on the interpersonal relationships within the family, which add to the empowerment of women, and creates an environment in the society in which one has the power to make decisions and choices either individually or collectively for social transformation. Empowerment of women includes political, social, economic and cultural aspects but it is only possible on the basis of mental health care.

Pages: 2102-2104
Suresh Kumar Bhakar and Poonam (Haryana School of Business, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana)

The main focus of this paper is to find the impact of RPO on employer and to find the benefits and risks of RPO. The objective has been accomplished through studying the pertinent literature and generating the conclusions originate in it. It would help the organisation to cut their cost, increase competitive advantage, and focus on core activities. The study will act as a yard stick for Indian organisations to give solution for increasing the satisfaction of employer.