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Pages: 1231-1233
Divyangana Yadav, Vikas Sharma, and Manpreet Ola (Department of Clinical Psychology, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana)

One of the most common disorders which we can see is the addiction of substances; here we would be taking in account the alcohol dependent patients. When a patient is addicted to a particular substance in this case alcohol, a combination of factors play an important role in his/her life. His different aspects of life are affected in different ways which he/she has no clear idea. The paper will be focusing on anxiety, optimism and marital compatibility in alcohol dependent patients. During alcohol consumption or in the withdrawal phase a lot of patients feel anxiety which they don't understand clearly as a result to overcome these symptoms they can relapse. It is optimism variable which helps them on their path to recovery. Marital compatibility is one of the most affected area, a lot of studies have been conducted on the spouses of the alcohol dependent patients but not many alcohol dependent patients. This study will try to bridge this gap and may be in the near future interventions and programmes can be designed on the results obtained.
Pages: 1234-1237
Saumya Sharan, Manpreet Ola and Vikas Sharma (Department of Clinical Psychology, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana)

There is an increasing awareness as well as sensitisation in the society towards the sexual minority group and the need to initiate their inclusion, sense of belonging as well as ensuring their rights towards a civil life. This change has been more evident in the past two decades with increasing research on the transgender population, not just in India but on a global level. The aim of the present review paper is to highlight the mental health concerns that the transgender population faces which thus leads to manifestation of various psychological issues in them and the level to which this population feels supported in our society. To reach the objective of the study the variables considered were : 1) Social Anxiety 2) Perceived Social Support and 3) Quality of life in the Transgender population. Research studies focusing on these variables conducted globally were considered, critically analysed and articles from the papers were summarised in an attempt to clearly provide an explanation of the current understanding on the mental health of transgenders in terms of the occurrence of social anxiety, the level of perceived social support and their Quality of life.
Pages: 1238-1241
Vijay Pal Tewari (Department of Education, Uday Degree College, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh)

Any society cannot prosper without considering every member of it at par in all respect. Transgender though have been belatedly recognized a third gender with legitimate power of equality along with other genders and citizens of the country yet there is still many a slip between lip and cup as so much of discrimination is visible and in persistence. The transgender people who have been accorded a high degree of dignity and respect in the ancient scriptures from the time immemorial and their presence would auger well and considered very auspicious in every defining act and movements have ironically been discriminated from our contemporary society in terms of rearing, education, employment, health and public amenities. The present paper deals with issues and major problems being faced by the transgender people in our society and prospective remedial measures to be adopted by the government and civic societies to assuage them. The transgender though constitute insignificant in number but they are the integral part of our society who contribute for holistic and inclusive social living. The topic has been introduced succinctly followed by the important research reviews collected and presented on the transgender including various terminologies on transgender. The key hurdles pertaining to this community have been narrated and possible solutions are also presented. The paper is concluded highlighting important aspects of transgender with socio-economic and cultural status.
Pages: 1242-1247
R. Sreeja and Kalpana Jain (Department of Psychology, ML Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan)

Every individual deserves equal opportunity to access basic amenities like food, safe drinking water, education, clothing, shelter besides other opportunities. But inequality exists in different forms and social justice is aimed at ensuring that every human being receives their basic right. Social Justice commitment is the willingness of a person to engage in social justice activities. It can be enhanced if the predicting factors can be determined. The role of Peer influence, Spiritual intelligence, Emotional intelligence and Resilience on Social Justice Commitment is examined in this review article. These factors were found to have positive influence on how a person reach out to others who are in need, how they faced challenges while promoting prosocial behaviour and over all well-being of a person. The direct influence of the predictors reviewed on Social Justice Commitment is not well explored. Hence, directs to further research and exploration of Social Justice Commitment.
Pages: 1248-1250
Radha Rani Sain and Rashmi Chowdhry (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Middle age is considered as the time to change of power, independence and to taking decision for younger generation. In middle life empty nest couples having more time to focus on their marriage relationship and enjoyed the activities, play together and more money to spend on themselves. In this study marital adjustment scale developed by Kumar and Rohatgi has been used for this purpose. To fulfill these objectives, 120 couples (man & women) those living with wards and without wards were selected from metro cities through purposive sampling method. The study shows that high level of marital adjustment, found on those living without wards whereas, low level of marital adjustment is found among couples those living with wards.
Pages: 1251-1256
Debraj Deb (Department of Mass Communication, Assam University, Silchar, Assam)
Deepak Upadhyaya (Department of JMC, Tripura University, Tripura)

This paper is an attempt at understanding the rather under-explored area of Indian media ownership, mergers, and acquisitions and the effect it has on the prospects of free choice of content among the audience. It is a historical study and deals with secondary data from a number of sources that include RNI, FICCI-KPMG reports, media analysts' statistics, and relevant literature. The core idea of this study consists of examining the attempt of perpetuating a constructed perception of free choice over content through multiple media avenues while the same media continue to be rallied under lesser media corporations and conglomerates every year, thus, obliterating possibilities of divergent ideology and opinions. The study tries to offer critical comments on the growing integration of mass media ownership in India and foreign investments into them as well. This study is essentially a review of data and literature on media ownership in India. It tries to problematize the subject in the context of Chomsky's idea of necessary illusions, Ben Bagdikian's media monopoly theory and the counter-arguments of Ben Compaigne.
Pages: 1257-1259
R. Harshavarthini and R. Nithya (Department of Psychology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu)

Psychological well-being is a contentment, satisfaction with all elements of life self-actualization (a feeling of having achieved something in one's life). It is attained by achieving a state of balance affected by both challenging and rewarding life events. Work performance assesses whether a person perform a job well. It is an important criterion for an individual and organizational outcomes and success. The present study is an attempt to understand the psychological well-being and work performance among employees and entrepreneur. A sample of 100 adults in age group of 20-25 years were chosen for the present study. This study focuses on analyzing mental health and performance among their setup Result shows that ,the present study concludes that there is difference between the Psychological Well-being and work performance of entrepreneur and employees differs according to their setups. employees doesn't maintain good mental health than the entrepreneurs
Pages: 1260-1262
Ranjana Singh (Department of Psychology, K.S. College, L.N. Mithila University, Darbhanga, Bihar)
Vijay Pratap Singh (Department of Psychology, B.M.A. College, L.N. Mithila University, Darbhanga, Bihar)

The present study explores the role of Marital Status (Married/Unmarried) in psychological well-being among working women. For this, a sample of 120 working women aged 25-35 years and working in public sector in Prayagraj, UP, India was taken. Psychological well-being scale of Ryff (1989) was used to assess the well-being of respondents. Data was analysed with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results showed significant differences across the married and unmarried groups in overall well-being scores. Significant differences were also found in different dimensions of psychological well-being in respect of marital status.
Pages: 1263-1267
Vivek Kumar Shahi (Department of Psychology, Digvijai Nath P. G. College, Gorakhapur, Uttar Pradesh)
Neena Kohli (Department of Psychology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh)

Present study is aimed to compare body image attitudes and perception for gender and Body Mass Index (BMI) categories among university/college students. Sample consists of 327 college students from different departments and colleges of the University of Allahabad (Uttar Pradesh, India). Body image attitudes were measured by using the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire- Appearance Scale [(MBSRQ-AS) Cash, T. F.,2018]. Perceptual body Image was measured by Stunkard Figural Scale. Results showed body image issues among Indian college students regarding weight, size, and shape. Male students were more satisfied with their body areas than female students (p<.001), but in evaluations of their looks, females evaluated more positively than male students (p<.001). Male students have strived towards muscularity however females have strived for thin ideal (p<.001). Normal BMI group showed more positive body image for both the genders in comparison of underweight and overweight categories. Body image attitudes and perception differ in terms of Body Mass Index and Gender. There are body image issues in male and female college students, which must be addressed.
Pages: 1268-1270
Afreen and Shah Alam (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

Emotional abuse is undervalued and underrated aspect among adolescents. Emotional Abuse is one of the biggest social evil. As a result of abuse, lose control in their lives, unable to attain confidence and unable to adjust in society. Adolescence is one of the most compelling and yet complex developmental stage. The outgrowth of emotional abuse put adolescents at risk and face severe consequences such as poor school performance, distress, anxiety, irritation and have long-term outcomes such as aggression, substance abuse, suicide, post-traumatic stress disorder, and depression. To measure the impact of emotional abuse on adjustment among adolescents and to learn if there is any difference in the impact of emotional abuse of male and female adolescents. The present research was a correlation study aimed at investigating the impact of Emotional Abuse on adjustment among adolescents. The sample consists of 50 adolescent boys and 50 adolescent girls and is between the ages of 18 to 21 from Al Barkat Institute. The convenient sampling method was used to select the participants. Moreover, the tools used for this study was Emotional Abuse developed by Alam and Nasheen, and Adjustment Inventory developed by Kumar. The data were analyzed using t test and Pearson correlation. The statistical results show that there is an impact of emotional abuse on adjustment among adolescents and as emotional abuse increases among male and female adjustment level decrease. The present research implicates that serious steps should be taken against emotional abuse, create awareness at societal level, to address the rising problem of abuse among adolescents and to examine interventions for the victims of emotional abuse.
Pages: 1271-1274
Saurabh Ray, Mohd. Faijullah Khan, Tauseeful Haque, and Shumayla Parveen (Department of TT & NFE (IASE), Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi)

Young people with disabilities have to face a lot of difficulties during their transition to adulthood. However, it's heartening that there is a marked shift in people's attitude towards the issue. Educationists, healthcare activists and administrators of schools are supporting kids with disabilities during this challenging phase of life. Concerted efforts are being made to help disabled children overcome challenges they confront while transitioning to adulthood. It's a hard moment for the younger individuals to move from childhood to adulthood. As we create many transitions in our life, but the transition into adulthood is perhaps the one with the most far-reaching implications. This write-upaims to provide an overview of the situation so that we become able to understand the challenges faced by the disabled children during the transition to adulthood and come up with better solutions to address the issue.
Pages: 1275-1277
Shivali Devgan, Vikas Sharma, and Manpreet Ola (Department of Clinical Psychology, Amity University Gurugram, Haryana)

Caregivers play an important role in the dealing with the psychiatric disorders majorly Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders. Yet this key role is not taken so seriously. Caregivers are the ones dealing with so many aspects of life along with taking care of the person who is suffering some psychiatric disorder. They have their own burnouts. However, these individuals still have certain basis on which they keep the work going on. Therefore, this piece of work, the sole aim to bring into awareness the level of spirituality the caregivers have for the patients of schizophrenia and mood disorders, the level of optimism that helps them keep going with the care they provide, and the quality of life even after taking care of the people suffering from schizophrenia and mood disorders. Also, to suggest the ways how these can be curbed, so that further individuals can be able to deal better and their conditions can be made better.
Pages: 1278-1280
Neerja Pandey (Amity Institute of Behavioral and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Lucknow Campus, Uttar Pradesh)

Children benefit from the regular educational programme but at times due to certain conditions they need individualized plan of special education within the setup of inclusive classroom. The concept of inclusive education and classroom is a model wherein students with special needs and disabilities study and spend time with students who do not have special needs or disability. For this purpose, there is a need for training and sensitization of regular teachers, special educators, and school counsellors. Sensitization programmes are also recommended for parents of regular students along with regular students. Together they all contribute in the creation of inclusive classroom. The conceptual framework for creation of inclusive classroom presented in the present work includes ergonomics, classroom management, creation and use of resources, and time-management on part of the teachers.
Pages: 1281-1286
Sushma Rani (Department of History, Maharani Lakshmi Bai College, Hisar, Haryana)

गांधी जी ने स्वतन्त्रता प्राप्ति से पूर्व के भारत को अपने विचारों व कार्यों से एक सकारात्मक सोच प्रदान की थी, उन्होंने उस समय के महिला समाज को जागृत किया जब पुरूष समाज ही स्वयं को शक्तिहीन व विचारहीन मान चुका था। गांधी जी का मानना था कि जब तक महिला शक्ति का इस्तेमाल नहीं होगा तब तक समाज में किसी भी परिवर्तन की उम्मीद करना निरर्थक होगा, गांधी जी स्त्री व पुरूष के लिए समान शिक्षा के पक्षधर थे। उनके अनुसार शिक्षा का उद्देश्य पैसा कमाना नहीं, बल्कि अच्छा बनना और देश सेवा करना है। महिलाओं के तमाम शारीरिक, मानसिक और आत्मिक शक्तियों के सर्वन्तोमुखी विकास के लिए वे शिक्षा को महत्वपूर्ण मानते थे। यह गांधी जी के विचारों का ही प्रभाव था कि हरियाणा में भी कितनी ऐसी महिलाएं थी जो घर व राज्य की चार दीवारी से निकल गांधी जी के साथ कदम से कदम मिलाती हुई स्वतन्त्रता की लड़ाई लड़ रही थी। गांधी जी के विचारों व आर्य समाज के क्रियाकलापों में काफी समानता थी। यही कारण था कि हरियाणा में आर्य समाज से जुड़ने वाला परिवार गांधी दर्शन से भी जुड़ा हुआ था और इसका प्रभाव गांधी जी के प्रत्येक आंदोलन में देखने को मिला जहाँ पुरूषों के साथ-साथ हरियाणा की महिलाएं भी बढ़-चढ़ कर भाग ले रही थी और उन्हें गिरफ्तारियाँ देने में भी परहेज (गुरेज) नहीं था। इन आंदोलनों में हरियाणा की महिलाओं ने अपनी वीरता के ऐसे उदाहरण पेश किए कि वे दूसरे प्रान्तों की महिलाओं के लिए भी मिसाल बन गई। इनमें से कस्तूराबाई का नाम सदैव उल्लेखनीय रहेगा। जिन्होंने अपने गीतों के माध्यम से गांधी जी के विचारों को पूरे हरियाणा में फैलाया व महिला समाज को जागृत किया। यह गांधी जी के ही विचारों का प्रभाव था कि महिला समाज रूढ़िवादी परम्पराओं के विरोध में खड़ा होकर गांधी जी द्वारा चलाए जा रहे स्वतन्त्रता आंदोलनों में अपनी सक्रिय भूमिका निभा रहा था।
Pages: 1287-1291
Madhurima Verma (Department of Sociology, University School of Open Learning, Panjab University, Chandigarh)
Amanpreet Singh (Department of Sociology, Punjabi University College, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab)

Adolescent sexuality' refers to development of sexual feelings, behaviour in adolescents. Sexuality is a vital aspect of adolescents' lives. The period of adolescence is marked as problem area because adolescents are not properly equipped with the knowledge of changes they are undergoing. Further, culture puts strong restrains to discuss openly issues related to pubertal transitions and problems associated with it thus adolescents explore other channels for information. The main focus was on the sources of sex related information used by adolescents in Indian society. A simple random sample of 60 respondents that included 30 female and 30 male adolescents, from ten schools in Sangrur district, Punjab. Questionnaire was used as a research tool to collect information. Adolescents reported that adults usually ignore any query on pubertal or sexual concern. Male adolescents regarded media and friends as the most reliable agencies for addressing their pubertal or sexual concerns. However female adolescents regarded family and school as most reliable agency for addressing their pubertal/sexual concerns. The gender and age differences were observed in the perception of adolescents on sources of information on sexuality.
Pages: 1292-1296
Manglesh Kumar Manglam (Department of Psychological Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Patna, Bihar)
Sentisungla Longchar (Department of Psychology,Lady Shri Ram College for Women, University of Delhi, New Delhi)

Deficit in cognitive function is a main feature of schizophrenia. Verbal memory and verbal fluency is the most impaired cognitive function found in schizophrenia. Positive and negative symptoms is constantly correlated with verbal memory and verbal fluency in schizophrenia patients. The aim of the study was to compare verbal memory, verbal fluency and psychopathology in first episode of schizophrenia and normal healthy controls and find its association between positive symptoms, negative symptoms and verbal memory and verbal fluency of schizophrenia. A sample of 60 first episode of schizophrenia patients, aged between 18 and 45 years were assessed at baseline with Logical memory (from Wechsler Memory Scale- III), Controlled Oral Word Association Test; and for positive, negative and general psychopathology. Thereafter, 28 normal controls were matched on age and education and were assessed for Logical Memory and Controlled Oral Word Association Test. Informed consent was obtained from all the participants. The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Institute. The schizophrenia patients group performed significantly poorly on verbal memory and verbal fluency tests as compared to normal healthy controls. Positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia negatively correlated with verbal memory and verbal fluency.
Pages: 1297-1303
Rashmi Rani, Lok Nath Singh, and Arun Kumar Jaiswal (Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh)

This study was designed to establish the construct, convergent and predictive validity (gender & age differences) of Hindi version of Dyadic Adjustment Scale in Indian cultural milieu. For the purpose three hundred 21 to 75 years old married couples (300 husbands & 300 wives) with at least graduation qualification were sampled from Chowk and adjoining areas of Varanasi city of Uttar Pradesh following a multistage sampling procedure, and they completed the Hindi version of 32-items DAS (Spanier & Cole, 1976). Factor analysis (principal components) on Hindi version of DAS (DAS-H) with the loading equal to or more than 0.400, Eigen value equal to 1.00, by applying Promax rotation method following Scree plot revealed three factors, and finally, confirmatory factor analysis by AMOS - version 20 revealed an acceptable model fit on 17 items, content of 9 items of the first factor (# 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, & 14), 4 items of second factor (# 24, 26, 27 & 28) and 4 items of the third factor (# 16, 20, 21 & 22) showed similar behavioral components, i.e., Dyadic Consensus (DC), Dyadic Cohesion (DCH) and Dyadic Satisfaction (DS). The psychometric properties of the DAS-H manifested good internal consistency with fairly high reliability and acceptable construct and convergent validity. The gender and age differences analyses also indicated that the instrument has good predictive validity, thus, the DAS-H produced a reliable and valid measurement of marital adjustment in Hindi speaking Indian cultural milieu.
Pages: 1304-1306
Nabanita Banik and Anjana Bhattacharjee (Department of Psychology, Tripura University, Tripura)

The aim of the present paper was to study the level of depression among pregnant women with respect to their living area (urban/ rural). A sample of 120 pregnant respondents was purposively selected from different hospitals of Tripura. Among them 50% were from urban areas and the rest 50% were from rural areas of Tripura. Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) developed by Lovibond and Lovibond (1995) was used for data collection. Data were analysed with SPSS (15.0). Results indicated that pregnant women of rural areas were more depressed than urban pregnant women.
Pages: 1307-1309
Yashika Jain and Prashasti Jain (Department of Psychology, Manipal University Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Family structures, trends and set ups have significantly changed over the past few years. There is an increased trend of shifting away from the concept of joint families to nuclear families. At this point it becomes vital to understand how adolescents are impacted by their family structures. There is existing literature found on how adolescents are affected by family structures and how this factor influences their psychological makeup. The objective of the present study was to conduct a comparative study of family environment, self efficacy and cognitive distortions in adolescents of nuclear and joint family. The sample consisted of 50 individuals comprising of aged 18-23 years and belonging to two different family structures, i.e., Nuclear family and Joint family. Data was collected by using Family Environment Scale Revised (Bhatia & Chadha, 2005); Cognitive Distortion Scale (Briere, 2000); and General Self-Efficacy Scale (Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1995). No significant difference was found between family environment, self-efficacy and cognitive distortions of joint families and nuclear families.
Pages: 1310-1314
Anamika Das, Divya Arora, and Varsha Singh (Department of Psychology, Kamala Nehru College, Delhi University, New Delhi)

Hope can be defined as the process of positive thinking in which the person make use of Pathway and Agency thinking. Pathway thinking is the ability to produce alternate routes when original ones are blocked. Agency thinking is requisite inspiration to use the pathway to reach desired goal. Hope allows people to deal with problems with a deliberate mind-set and through a planned strategy. Hope is a positive expectation about the future that motivates goal directed behaviour, and leads to the development of wholesome personality. The five factors commonly used to describe personality are Openness to experience, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness and extraversion. The aim of this research was to understand the relationship between hope and big five personality trait for young adults. In this research a sample of 235 Female aged 18-25 years were assessed on the Hope Scale and the NEO-FFI-3 and Pearson Correlational design was used. Results indicated that Hope, and its components Agency Thinking and Pathway Thinking were significantly positively correlated to Conscientiousness and Extraversion. Neuroticism and Openness to Experience significantly correlated with Hope, while only Openness to Experience correlated with Pathway Thinking and no significant correlations were found with respect to Agency Thinking. Lastly, Agreeableness Personality Trait established no significant Correlations with Hope or its components. Thus the study was concluded with a comprehensive understanding of Hope and its relationship with Global Personality dimensions.
Pages: 1315-1318
Harneet Kaur (Department of History, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab)

This paper will attempt to study the efforts made by the colonial women against the oppression of the state officials of the Punjab. The colonial women do showed their resistance by filing petitions against the atrocities of the government officials and the people of local influence. There are 82 petitions filed by the women against the officials from 1881 to 1907. Out of 82 petitions 13 were against the police officials, 17 against the lambardars, 7 against the tahsildars, 9 against the Guardians and 36 against the others officials of the State. These 82 petitions showed that the women raised their voices against the issues like demand of bribery, extortion and corruption of the state officials. The women filed petitions against the police officials for having forcible connection and of the ill-treatment at the hand of the police. Even the women petitions showed their protests against the appointment of someone as Sarbah for her minor son. These all petition showed that women were awaked about their rights and laws of the British India. Though the numbers of such kind of the petitions are not significant but still these petitions give us good idea about the commendable effort of the colonial women against the state officials and their atrocities.
Pages: 1319-1327
Surbhi Khandelwal (Department of Psychology, The IIS (Deemed to be University), Jaipur, Rajasthan)
Monica Sharma (Clinical Psychologist, The IIS (Deemed to be University), Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Abrupt start of the illness, lasting long-term manifestations and chronic relapse; schizophrenia course has far-reaching implications for both schizophrenic patients and their caregivers. The present paper centers around the positive and negative theoretical structures ordinarily used to study family caregivers of patients determined to have schizophrenia. This paper also incorporates recent researches employing the models or theories focusing on family caregivers. It can be concluded based on a present review of literature that caregivers experience on both positive and negative consequences and, if effective intervention and prevention programs are developed that could help in reducing the negative impacts and enhancing the negative ones.
Pages: 1328-1331
Ashwani Pundeer and Masroor Jahan (Department of Clinical Psychology, Ranchi Institute of Neuro-Psychiatry and Allied Sciences (RINPAS), Ranchi, Jharkhand)

The present investigation was aimed to evaluate the applicability of MBCT module on depression and emotion regulation in patient with OCD. A hospital based confirmatory study was conducted in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder using Pre Test and Post Test Control Group Design. A total of 20 patients with Obsessive-compulsive disorder as per inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for the study. The severity of depression and emotion regulation was assessed through BDI-II and DERS. OCD specific module was prepared and applicability and sustain ability of the gain was assessed. The significant difference was found on severity of depression and emotion regulation in patient with OCD in pre, post and follow up assessment. After introducing MBCT, severity of depression was reduced and emotion regulation was improved. Thus, MBCT may be applicable and efficacious in severity of depression and improving emotion regulation in patients with OCD.
Pages: 1332-1335
Soniya Vats and Jai Prakash (Department of Clinical Psychology, Ranchi Institute of Neuro-Psychiatry & Allied Sciences (RINPAS), Ranchi, Jharkhand)

The objective of the study was to examine the applicability of cognitive retraining on response inhibition and Planning ability (executive functions) in children with ADHD. Pre test and post test control group design was used. This study was conducted a total of 20 children with ADHD. 10 children with ADHD were assigned in cognitive retraining group (experimental group) and 10 children with ADHD were assigned to control group who were attending regular classroom teaching only. Both groups of children were screened by using SNAP-IV and MISIC for the assessment of intellectual functioning and presence of ADHD. Children`s Stroop Color-Word Test and Porteus Mazes test were used as an outcome measures at pre and post assessment. Cognitive retraining incorporated suitable techniques selected from the module of Brain wave-R series (2002) and Parente and Anderson-Parente (1991). The results showed (before and after CR) significant improvement on response inhibition and planning ability in children with ADHD at pre and post assessment. Cognitive retraining may be applicable for children with ADHD. Though, replication with large sample and longer sessions of cognitive retraining in real life situation might be more promising intervention for children with ADHD.
Pages: 1336-1339
Raj Ratan and Radhey Shyam (Department of Psychology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohatk, Haryana)

The spouses of serving personnel of military and paramilitary forces have pivotal role in maintaining mental health and well being of their serving partner and children at home. Deployment of their serving partner affects their mental health too. Social support is axial to moderate the effect of deployment stress among spouses. The objective of the present study is to compare the prevalent deployment stress and social support among 300 female spouses of various groups of military and paramilitary forces. Participants filled out researcher's self-developed scale of deployment stress and the social support questionnaire (Sarason, Leven, Bashan, & Sarson, 1983) to measure the variable under study. The finding suggested no significant difference for deployment stress and social support in different groups of military and paramilitary forces (F (3,296) = 0.958, F >.05 and (t = .76, p >.05). The study has practical implication in spousal welfare measures and policy making.
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