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Pages: 1112-1117
Dinesh Singh (D.R.D.O. Scientist-D, Selection Center Central, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh)
Bhupinder Singh (Department of Psychology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh)

Tobacco dependence is one of the most wide spread addictions among the school students and also a significant public health issue faced by the world today. According to WHO estimate, there are nearly twenty-five corers tobacco users in India out of which, approximately 5500 adolescents start using tobacco in either Smoking or Smokeless (chewed) forms every day. Cognitive behavioural approaches used by practitioners were primarily focused on maintenance of treatment gains and management of relapse, rather than developing psychological strengths and skills. This research aims to develop a collaborative model of psychoeducation and cognitive and behavioural intervention, which could aid in the treatment plan by increasing knowledge of smokeless tobacco use and its harmful effects and also skills of effective craving management. A pre and post control group intervention was conducted among 80 adolescents smokeless tobacco users, aged 10-19 years in Bhopal, India. A control trial of cognitive behavioural intervention for reducing smokeless tobacco dependence in addition to psychoeducation was imparted to interventional subjects in four interactive sessions held in two months. Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence-Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST) was used to assess smokeless tobacco dependence. The impact of the programme was measured by comparing the experimental group from control group before the first intervention (pre-intervention), the second intervention (post-intervention) and after follow-up. Over time, a significant reduction in smokeless tobacco dependence was observed in experimental group in comparison to control group. Mean (±standard deviation) pre-intervention smokeless tobacco dependence scores were decreased from 4.55 ± 1.51 to 2.63 ± 1.55, post-intervention. Similar results were obtained in follow-up, i.e., 3.52 ± 1.48 (smokeless tobacco dependence). The differences in mean scores of interventional and control groups of smokeless tobacco dependence were significant (p < 0.000, df = 71), suggesting that the intervention had a major positive impact. Cognitive behavioural intervention programmeis effective in reducing smokeless tobacco dependence and helpful in increasing knowledge of smokeless tobacco use and its harmful effects and effective craving management among adolescents.
Pages: 1118-1121
Soniya Vats and Jai Prakash (Department of Clinical Psychology, Ranchi Institute of Neuro-Psychiatry & Allied Sciences (RINPAS), Ranchi, Jharkhand)

The objective of the study was to examine the applicability of cognitive retraining as attention training on attentional functioning (sustained & focused attention) in children with ADHD. Pre test and post test control group design was used. This study was conducted on a total of 20 children with ADHD who were screened by using SNAP-IV and MISIC for the assessment of intellectual functioning and presence of ADHD. CCT and CTT two sub test of Neuropsychological Battery for Children were used as an outcome measures. Cognitive retraining as attention training in incorporated suitable techniques selected from the module of Brain wave-R series (2002) and Parente and Anderson-Parente (1991). The results showed (before and after CR) significant improvement on attentional functioning (sustained & focused) in children with ADHD at pre and post assessment. Cognitive retraining as attention function training may be applicable for the children with ADHD. The training may be more useful if intensively given in the school setting as well as in the real life situation with active parental support.
Pages: 1122-1126
Ashwani Pundeer and Masroor Jahan (Department of Clinical Psychology, Ranchi Institute of Neuro-Psychiatry & Allied Sciences (RINPAS), Ranchi, Jharkhand)

The present investigation was aimed to evaluate the applicability of MBCT module on symptoms severity (OC symptoms and severity of anxiety) in patient with OCD. The study was conducted in the Behaviour Therapy Unit of Ranchi Institute of Neuro-Psychiatry and Allied Sciences (RINPAS), Ranchi, Jharkhand. A hospital based confirmatory study was conducted in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder using Pre Test and Post Test Control Group Design. A total of 20 patients, age range of 20 to 45 years with Obsessive-compulsive disorder as per ICD-10 DCR Criteria and those who fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for the study. The severity of OCD and anxiety were assessed through YBOCS and HAM-A. Specific module of MBCT for OCD was prepared and used as an intervention tool. The significant improvement was found on the symptoms severity (OC symptoms & anxiety) in patient with OCDin pre, post and follow up assessment. MBCT module may be applicable and efficacious in reducing symptoms severity in patients with OCD.
Pages: 1127-1130
Suchi Choudhari (Department of Psychology, Pt. Sundarlal Sharma (Open) University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh)
Bansh Gopal Singh (Vice Chancellor, Pt. Sundarlal Sharma (Open) University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh)

Study of positive aging is a speedily developing area for research and practice. Spiritual practice and happiness, both are important concepts of human life. Comprehensive researches show that spiritual practices and spiritual beliefs help to reduce symptom and seriousness of physical and mental illness, unpredictability of events in later life. The objective of this study was to investigate whether there existence of any effect of spiritual practice on happiness of elders. Study was conducted on 160 (80 male & 80 female) respondents. Spiritual practice scale, i.e., Adhyatmic Abhayas Mapani (Choudhari & Singh, 2018) and Happiness scale, i.e., Prasannta Mapani (Choudhari & Singh, 2018) were used as tools for data collection. The outcome of the analysis indicatd that R2 coefficient was 0.35.1 (p < 0.01) which indicates that spiritual practice predicted 35.1% of the variance on happiness. However, the role of gender was found to be insignificant. It indicated that increasing spiritual practice enhanced level of happiness in the elderly.
Pages: 1131-1133
Umang Narang and Nudrat Jahan (Department of Clinical Psychology, SGT University Gurugram, Haryana)

College is place where students have to make several adjustments. To reach the collage day scholars had to travel daily and Students living in hostel are struggling to adjust in different environment. For some students living in hostel or daily travel may not be challenging, but for others may cause stress. High level of stress or chronic stress can affect well-being of the person. Quality of sleep is one parameter which is found to be sensitive to stress level. It is very important to understand the level of stress, well being and sleep disturbance among students to maintain their academic performance and ensure mental and physical well-being. Therefore this study was carried with following objective. To study the stress, well-being and sleep disturbance among hosteller and non-hostellers. There would be correlation among stress, well-being and sleep disturbance. And, there would be significant difference between hostellers and non hostellers in their stress, well-being and sleep disturbance. Descriptive correlational design used for study and study was conducted on a sample of 100 college students from SGT University, among which 50 were hosteller and 50 were non-hostellers. For this study DASS-21 Scale, PGI Well-Being Scale and Sleep Quality Scale were used. Significant relation was found among stress, well-being and sleep disturbance (p<.05. & there was significant difference in stress, well-being and sleep disturbance among hosteller and non-hosteller students (p<.01). The level of stress and sleep disturbance was high among hostellers while level of well-being was high among non-hosteller. There was positive relation among stress and sleep disturbance and negative relationship were found between well being and stress and sleep disturbance.
Pages: 1134-1137
Lalit Kumar Mishra (Department of Applied Psychology, I.G. National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh)

Creativity is the key factor for survival of organizations in a highly competitive and global modern market. Companies may sustain in the market only by introducing new strategies of marketing, new products and new services. Employee's creativity is the smallest unit of creativity in the organization. Several organizational and personal factors affect employee creativity. Present paper will deal with the motivational aspect of personal factors and will recollect information related to creativity and motivation and find out whether intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, or synergy between these two will be more effective in fostering creativity in organizations.
Pages: 1138-1143
Sweta Smita Dash (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi)
Sunil K. Verma (Department of Applied Psychology, Vivekananda College, University of Delhi, Delhi)

The present paper explains researcher's positionality in exploring the phenomenon of ambivalence and understanding the experiences associated. My doctoral research crafted in these years attempts to explicitly address how inevitable researcher's positionality role is, in choosing a particular topic, frame interview schedule, approaching participants, collecting data, and in doing analysis. Failing to authenticate own understanding can reduce the credibility of qualitative work. But with continuous self-criticizing and evaluative mindset of the researchers a relatively bias-free qualitative inquiry can be achieved. Qualitative research demands to step down from being an objective seeker to an interpretivist researcher. Thus, ascertaining positionality helped to gauge the authenticity of the research we conducted at each step by being an insider as well as an outsider.
Pages: 1144-1150
K. S. Sudheer Reddy (UGC-Emeritus Fellow, Department of Education, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana)
G. Balaji (Department of Education, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana)

The present paper is an attempt to find out the level of Personal values of Tribal and Non-Tribal Secondary school students. The design of the study was survey method. The population was secondary school students in khammam district, who study 10th class. Quota sampling technique was used to draw 400 students, i.e., 200 tribal and 200 non-tribal students. Suitable statistics were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that the Tribal and Non-Tribal secondary school students have a moderate level of personal values, i.e., Challenge, problem-solving, discipline, hard work, and Punctuality. Most of the Tribal and Non-Tribal secondary school students have a moderate and high level of honesty, co-operation. The Tribal and Non-Tribal secondary school students have a low and moderate level of commitment, group work, and self-dependence.
Pages: 1151-1157
Aakanksha Tomar and Alka Bajpai (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi)

This study explored whether there is a relationship between reading books and wisdom. 103 participants in the age group of 20 to 40 years responded to Ardelt's Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale, a modified version of Stanovich and West's Author Recognition Test, and a Reading Habits Questionnaire. A correlational analysis showed a statistically significant positive relationship between the two study variables. A second hypothesis explored whether wisdom levels varied significantly between readers who read predominantly literary fiction versus those who read predominantly popular fiction or non-fiction. Respondents were categorized into these three groups based on their scores on the Author Recognition Test. A one-way analysis of variance however failed to show any significant difference between the readers of these different types of texts. Deep reading as a habit, which has been on a decline in the recent past, may be meaningfully related to wisdom, a quality universally acknowledged as desirable and worthy of pursuit. The implications of this relationship and the possibilities to study it further have been discussed.
Pages: 1158-1165
Hena Fatma, Akbar Husain, and Mutaz Duheilan Al-Dalaeen (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

This research aims to study the relationship between personal identity, self-efficacy, values and personality traits among adolescents of the minority and majority communities. Participants were four hundred adolescents (200 minorities (Muslims) and 200 majorities (Hindus) community). Instruments used were Aspect of identity questionnaire was developed by Cheek and Briggs (2013); the general self-efficacy scale developed by Schwartz and Jerusalem (1995); Lindeman and Yerkasalo (2005); measuring values with the Short Schwartz's Value Survey and HEXACO PI-R personality traits inventory Ashton and Lee (2009) a short personality inventory that assesses the six dimensions of the HEXACO model of personal traits structure. We can be selected the ten items of each of the 6 six scales from the longer HEXACO PI-R (Honest-humility, emotional, extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness & openness of experience). The findings can be inferred that self-efficacy was found to be significantly correlated with dimensions of personality traits and also found out the positive correlation between values and self-efficacy as well as overall personal identity strongly significant correlated among adolescents of the minority and majority communities.
Pages: 1166-1168
Raj Ratan and Radhey Shyam (Department of Psychology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohatk, Haryana)

The spouses of serving personnel of military and paramilitary forces are integrated part of organizations and serve as backbone for them. The deployment of military and paramilitary forces has great toll on the mental health of the serving personnel as well on their spouses. The objective the present paper is to compare the deployment stress among working and non working spouses of military and Para military (n=300 ) in Haryana and NCR. Participants filled out researcher's self-developed scale of deployment stress to measure the variable under study. The finding suggested that there was significant difference in deployment stress (t=11.35, p <.05) among working and non - working spouses of military and paramilitary personnel. The study has implication in policy decisions related to military and paramilitary forces.
Pages: 1169-1170
Ajay Singh (Department of Commerce, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana)

We are living in 21st century where exploitation of society resources for satisfaction of current generation needs going at a heavy rate. Corporate organizations use the resources of our society extensively for their benefit. For a long time, many organizations engaged in getting profit by using the resources of the society. These organizations are significantly harming the health of the people. Everyone can understand the hazardous climate changes due to pollution generated by corporate organizational activities. For sustainable development there is necessity to preserve this environment for the future generation. There should be optimum utilization of resources and corporate world should understand its responsibility. Though, corporate organizations have provided apparent monitory support to the society for its betterment. These organizations using the resources of the society, they must take this in consideration with regards to resources these should be utilized optimally. There are many activities stated by the central government on which these organizations can spend their earning which will be considered activities for the social welfare. Although in other developed countries there are special provisions from a long time but now in India also there are certain guidelines were issued towards corporate social responsibilities (CSRs). Present paper will present basis of assignment of corporate social responsibilities in India and activities where organizations can spend for their Corporate Social Responsibility.
Pages: 1171-1176
Avneet Batra and Simran Kohli (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, New Delhi)

The aim of the current study was to explore the experience and attitude of employees about various aspects of Sexual Harassment at workplace. Thus, a Sexual Harassment Survey was constructed by the researchers. The items in the survey were framed on the basis of the review of literature related to the topic of sexual harassment. It was ensured that the survey fulfills the organization's needs. The survey was administered on a sample of 140 employees (70 males & 70 females) belonging to the age group of 25- 40 years, with a working tenure of at least 2 years. After this, the results were computed and analyzed using percentage analysis. Overall the results indicated that at the experiential level sexual harassment in the form of un-welcoming sexual comments, jokes and gestures was prevalent in the organization. The female employees of the organization experienced these relatively more than male employees. However at the attitudinal level, it was found that most of the male and female employees believed that men are not always the perpetrator of sexual harassment and can also be victims of such an act. It was also found that employees do not make false allegations about sexual harassment with the intention to extort money from the employer.
Pages: 1177-1183
Pradnya H. Mohite and Satishchandra B. Kumar (Department of Applied Psychology and Counselling Centre, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra)

In this study, Herzberg's motivator-hygiene factor theory was employed to assess various job attitudes of air traffic controllers (ATCs) who were at different career stages by using Super's Career Stages Model (CSM, 1990). Attitudes of Indian ATCs had not been explored in relation with Super's CSM and Herzberg's theory of motivation. Using a survey method with convenient sampling, Job attitude scale (Smith, 1973) was administered on 341 Civil Indian ATCs (301 males & 40 females). Four adult career stages of Super as Exploration, Establishment, Maintenance, and Disengagement manifested by age and tenure as criterions were studied. Two examinations of One-way MANOVAs were computed in order to examine the impact of career stages as a function of age and tenure each. Both MANOVA results were statistically significant and further, separate univariate ANOVA results for age and tenure as two IVs indicated significant differences for seven out of eight sub-facets on Job attitudes scale, except attitudes were similar across career stages towards sub-facets work-schedules in age and towards facility in tenure. Further, post hoc test results revealed that Disengagement-stage ATCs were more content with the significant seven sub-facets in both age and tenure compared to Exploration, Establishment, and Maintenance-stage ATCs. Findings suggest the relevance of needs as per hygiene-motivator factors as well as career stages play a role in job satisfaction ratings. Study results contribute to improve working environments of ATCs by tailoring HR practices.
Pages: 1184-1187
Seema Vijayvargiya and Bhupinder Singh (Department of Psychology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh)

Mid- life age of women is the turning point in her life, as it brings lots of changes. Between the challenges of adulthood and despair of old age, that is, in mid-life enters the compulsory change in women's life, “the menopause”. Menopause is a period in the life of woman that needs special attention. It is a life passage that closes some doors for women but open other door. It involves physical, psychological, hormonal changes, and social changes also (Mathews, 1992). It is a kind of transitional period in the life of women. A large number of studies have reported that stress is common during menopause. In the present study purposive sampling was used to draw out the sample. Total 100 women of menopausal age group of 45 to 55yrs were selected for the study. Out of total respondents, 50 participants were working women and 50 participants were non-working women. Out of working and non-working respondent, 25 respondents were from nuclear and 25 from joint families respectively. This study aims to assess the level of stress during menopause and to create awareness in women of that stage and to sensitize the members of the society to extend the support to the females to overcome the stage of transition of menopause with positivity.
Pages: 1188-1192
Jangjeet and Hardeep Lal Joshi (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)
C. P. Khokhar (Department of Psychology, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand)

The present study was designed to investigate physical health or mental health problems a relationship with personality and temperament. In order to meet the research objectives, a representative sample of 200 young adults within the age range of 20 to 25 years is drawn from different department of Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, using a random sampling method. All the selected participant was administered with the help of NEO five factor Inventory S form, Cornell Medical Index Health Questionnaire (CMI) and Formal Characteristics of Behaviors Temperament Inventory (FCB-TI). The obtained data was analyzed by using Pearson's correlation and Stepwise Multiple Regression. Results revealed that neuroticism shows positive correlation with physical health or mental health problems. Agreeableness found negatively related with mental health problems. And conscientiousness shows negatively correlations with physical health and mental health problems. In case of temperament, perseverance shows positive correlation with mental health problems, emotional reactivity found positively correlated with physical health and mental health problems. Further neuroticism or emotional reactivity both found predictors of physical health or mental health problems.
Pages: 1193-1197
Madhu Anand, Ritu and John Njue (Department of Psychology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana)

From the previous studies it has been found that life skills decrease the growth of maladaptive behaviors related to social interactions and adaptations. The aim of this study was to develop a life skill module and find its effect and applications based on Indian context. To do so, various psychological scales were administered on a sample of 1258 students including adolescents, late adolescents and young adults. Both boys and girls participated in the current study. Out of the total number, 258 school students were included in pilot study (objective 1) and 1000 school and college students were selected for the main study (objective 2) with the age range of 14 to 20 years. After the administration of the scales the data was analyzed by computing means, SD's and t-values. The results showed that all the t values had a significant difference leading to a conclusion that, the life skills imparted had a significant effect on adolescents' different aspects of life. All the findings have been shown accordingly and some suggestions have been recommended for future research.
Pages: 1198-1201
Meenakshi Pabri and Manika Mohan Saxena (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Purpose of present research was to study the temperament and Behaviour Problems of Orphan Adolescents. The study included a total of 200 school students. The set of variables included Temperament and Behaviour Problems. The two-group design was adopted for the present study. The findings revealed that significant difference was found between institutionalised and non-institutionalised orphan adolescents on temperament as well as behaviour problems.
Pages: 1202-1206
Sameena Manasawala and Anuradha Sahasrabudhe (Department of Education, Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra)

Gifted children from underprivileged backgrounds are at a double disadvantage. This is because there is lack of awareness regarding giftedness in their surroundings as well as impoverished environment which leaves their potential unrecognized and undeveloped. For India as a nation with immense human resource potential it is important to understand which individuals possess inherent capacities that are likely to lead to future high achievements? Is it high intelligence or high academic achievement? Do positive self-image and self-esteem determine future success in gifted children? Thus, this study attempted to understand the self-concept of gifted children in relation to their academic achievement. Findings of this study revealed that there is a strong relationship between academic achievement and certain self-concept domains among the gifted population. Gifted children who underachieve in academics have a lower self-concept leading to poor evaluation of one's intellectual capability, and poor social adjustment. Thus, gifted underachievers may need support and nurturing to transform their inherent potential into successful performance. A few recommendations have been made: (i) a shift in the attitude of teachers, parents and the community to look beyond academic performance and value intelligence and thinking abilities in children, (ii) offering gifted academic underachievers the opportunity to perform and excel in non-academic areas which may enhance their self-concept, and (iii) including self-concept enhancement program while designing nurturing programs for underprivileged and underachieving gifted children.
Pages: 1207-1210
Sana Fatima and S. Reshma Jamal (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

The current world is full of competition and in pressure to perform well constantly. Therefore, it becomes important for an individual to be self- compassionate and flourish in every sphere of life. The purpose of the study was to find out the correlation between self-compassion and flourishing and further, to examine difference between male and female undergraduate students on flourishing and self -compassion. The sample of the study consists of 100 students, (male & female 50 each) between age range of 18-25. Flourishing Scale (Diener et al., 2010) and Self-Compassion Scale (Raes, Pommier, Neff, & Gucht, 2010) were used to collect the data. Purposive sampling was done to gather data. Pearson's Product Moment Correlation and t-test were used to analyze the data. The Results revealed a positive significant relationship between flourishing and self -compassion. Further, it shows that there exists significant difference between male and female undergraduate students on flourishing and no significant difference on self-compassion.
Pages: 1211-1213
Amit Kumar and Rahmat Kaur Kochar (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

Mental health is a crucial psychological factor with respect to the human behavior. Several studies have shown that emotional abilities are of particular relevance to psychological health and well-being. This study examined the predictive nature of Emotional Intelligence with standardized measures of mental health. For this purpose 100 students (50 males & 50 females) of 9th and 10th standard i.e. students of 13-15 years were selected as respondents. The result revealed that emotional intelligence and mental health were positively related with each other. It also revealed that male students were better than female students in terms of mental health and emotional intelligence. This study thus underlines the importance of training in emotional intelligence and mental health for female students particularly.
Pages: 1214-1216
Aanchal Chatrath (Department of Clinical Psychology, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana)
Manpreet Ola and Vikas Sharma (Amity Institute of Clinical Psychology, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana)

With popular and increasing interest in having a psychological explanation to the organic basis to the diseases. Here we are going to put emphasis on the mental health getting affected in women suffering from PCOD which is a hormonal problem and has biological and psychological basis to the development of this problem. Quality of life and depression are the variables whose relationship is been studied in relationship with Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome) which is a relatively common hormonal disorder that causes a number of different symptoms in women of reproductive age. Common to all women with PCOS is an irregularity in the menstrual cycle and the presence of excess male hormones (androgens). Sleep can be defined as a condition of body and mind which recurs for several hours every night, in which the nervous system is inactive, the eyes closed, the postural muscles are relaxed and the consciousness is partially suspended and Quality of life (QOL) is a broad multidimensional concept that usually includes subjective evaluations of both positive and negative aspects of life. Depression is a common mental disorder that presents with depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, low energy, and poor concentration. A lot of researches have been done in this area and according to that it was seen that negative correlation was seen between PCOS and all the variables present in the study which means that severity of PCOS leads to lower quality of life and sleep quality and worsens the state of depression.
Pages: 1217-1219
Deekshaa Athwani, Manpreet Ola, and Vikas Sharma (Department of Clinical Psychology, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana)

Crime is on a rise in our modern urbanising society, and it is not only adult crime but also juvenile delinquency is a matter of concern. This present study is to seep through and understand how delinquency can be avoided by checking the role of optimism and resilience in delinquent behaviours. It is seen that poor resilience increases delinquent behaviour, and since children with low socio-economic status undergo various stressors this study focuses on the target population of adolescents in Delhi slums. This study aims to find out how optimism mediates to build resilience and decrease delinquent behaviour. Quantitative research design is used to check correlation between the variables followed by mediation analysis is to form a mediation model. Purposive sampling technique is used and data is collected from young adults from slums in Delhi. Theories suggest that difficult social environment develop the attitude and skills to become delinquents. The present study focuses to develop an optimism resilience model to decrease delinquent behaviour.
Pages: 1220-1224
Hemlata Joshi and Arpita Kackar (Department of Psychology, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan)

The rising rates of teenage suicides in the country is a matter of grave concern. With the parents and society pressurizing the young minds to target the most coveted and now glamorized educational institutions of the country, academic distress and related depression seems to be a common place thing now. No wonder, the rates of suicides are rising. Social media and the world of virtual reality further worsen the situation. The boom of information and technology has raised the difficulty levels of curricula .The present paper attempts to address all these factors and also intends to propose preventive and remedial measures.
Pages: 1225-1230
Sabira Nalakath and Moli P. Koshy (School of Management Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala)

Stakeholders in tourism are broadly classified as players of supply-side and demand side. Supply side players are referred as destination management organizations, service providers and host population; and the demand side constitutes tourists. The great performance of supply-side players basically enhances the satisfaction level at the demand side which is the ultimate goal of any destination management organization for growth and sustain ability of the destination. The comparative and competitive advantage that a destination possess over similar other destinations heighten the engagement and commitment of supply-side stakeholders for further investment in tourism sector and thereby business enlargement at the destination. Thus, framing proper stakeholder management policies and strategies are important for any tourist destination to enhance and sustain its competitiveness in both domestic and international markets. This article presents a theoretical framework to explore whether tourism destination competitiveness with a mediating effect of tourism suppliers' strategic congruence with destination would lead to their business performance at the destination. This could facilitate a clearer understanding of the nature of tourism suppliers' reactions to tourism, so that the results could help tourism planners and policy-makers to develop more appropriate destination products as well as to enhance competitiveness in tourism markets in turn.
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