Pages: 1795-1799
Sonali Jakar and Meena Jain (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Life without stress cannot be imagined. Psychological stresses form an inescapable part of life and up to a degree might be required for adequate personality development. However if these stresses become too severe or too numerous, they may affect the physical equilibrium, producing maladaptive patterns and possibly mental disorder. The notion that major stressful Life Events can give rise to mental illness is prevalent since antiquity. Distressful events are event that require a significant adjustment in individual's life, for example, separation, shifting home, etc. when a significant change occur in a person's life, in family and in society known as traumatic events. Examples of Live Events include Wedding or partnership of multiple households, being mother, shifting home, including downsizing to a smaller home, Children transitioning out of the home, Parents transitioning into the home, Death of a family member. The present study was aimed to see the effect of distressful life events between prisoners of open jail and central jail. A sample of the study comprised 80 prisoners of open jail and central, age 30 to 50 year, 2-year minimum punishment, literate including crime such as robbery, murder, rape, kidnapping, etc. The data was collected with The Distressful Life Events Scale (DLES) constructed by Verma and Asthana. The sampling was the purpose in nature and included only those who were interested to participate. It followed Mean and independent t-test to analyse the data. From the result of this study certain conclusion may be derived. The study shows a significant difference in Distressful Life Events between prisoners of open jail and central jail.

Pages: 1806-1809
Vikas Sharma (AICP, Amity University Haryana Gurgaon, Haryana)
Lalit Kumar Singh (Department of Psychology Lucknow University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh)
Kiran Srivastava (AIBAS, Amity University Lucknow Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh)

The behavioural problems associated with epilepsy are a source of concern to the health care professionals. The current research study examined the behavioural problems in adult patients suffering from epilepsy and its relationship with perceived expressed emotion. The present research study examined 30 participants afflicted with epilepsy. The sample constituted of both males and females participants. The behavioural problems and expressed emotions were studied by using standardized assessment tools. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Gender differences were found in manifestation of behavioural problems. The frequencies of behavioural problems were higher in male participants. Moreover, male participants experienced high expressed emotions when compared with female participants. Seizures were found be associated with behavior problems in the course of a seizure condition, even when patients were on regular medicine.

Pages: 1815-1819
H. Kavya and Varsha A. Malagi (Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Psychology, SDM College, Ujire, Karnataka)

Engaging Performance: Theatre as call and response present a combined analysis and workbook to examine “socially engaged performance.” It offers a range of key practical approaches, exercises, and principles for using performance to interact in an exceedingly kind of social and artistic projects. The present study aims at finding the level of mindfulness among theatre artists and non- theatre artists. The participants of the study include 120 male and female young adults of age ranging from 18-75 years. The purposive sampling method was employed for the collection of data. Self-report measures were used to identify the status of mindfulness among the participants. The participants were administered using the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale was developed by Brown and Ryan in the year 2003 with adequate reliability and validity. Obtained result was statistically analysed using Two-way Analysis of Variance. The result indicates that there is no significant difference in the level of mindfulness among theatre and non- artists and there is no significant gender difference in the level of mindfulness among theatre and non-artists. Awareness of the mindfulness can be taught to both the groups.

Pages: 1824-1829
Salmon Jacob and Jahanara (Department of Anthropology, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh)

The Sahariya tribe, historic forest dwellers of Kishanganj block in Baran district of Rajasthan, in recent years faced starvation deaths, malnutrition among children, migration, water scarcity, bonded labour, etc. The study presents the comparative analysis of the Sahariya people's perspectives on the status of environmental conditions at present and about thirty years back. The study shows the presence of very dense forests in the past in the tribal habitation areas, which has significantly degraded in the present times. There is depletion of the ground water resources in the area, and the surface water bodies which had water throughout the year in the past, today have water availability limited to 2-3 months. Their major food source was from the forest resources, and their major livelihood was collecting and selling of minor forest produce. The environmental degradation eroded their traditional food sources available at almost no cost, leaving them dependent on local markets. Secondly, dependence on local market required purchasing power, which was a challenge as their main source of livelihood was based on minor forest produce that was dwindling at an alarming rate. The study reveals that the degradation of the environment, impacted the basic resources that sustained the well-being of the Sahariya tribe over the years, and has led to a negative impact on their quality of life, their social life and also exposed them to issues of social discrimination.

Pages: 1835-1840
Prachi Gupta, Rashi Sharma, Ritirikta Mishra, Ritisikta Mishra, Sanjyoti Agrawal, and Swati Singh (Department of Psychology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka)

This aim of the research was to study the differences between first-borns and later-born in terms of personality and risk-taking behaviour. For the purpose of this study, between subject design was utilised. A sample size of 120 was selected, comprising of adolescents and young adults falling in the age group of 16 to 25. A self- developed demographic sheet, The Eysenck Personality Inventory and The Dospert Scale were used to study the three parameters. In the sample population, it was found that neuroticism was significantly different across birth orders (p<0.05). However, no such difference was revealed while considering the dimension of extraversion. Similarly, risk-taking propensity was also not found to be significantly different (p>0.05). Male and female subject did not differ significantly in four out of five domains of risk-taking behaviour. Significant difference was found between the genders in case of recreational domain of risk-taking behaviour. Future research can take into account a wider sample size, geographical area, and more subsets of the variables and finally can take up a more multicultural study.

Pages: 1845-1850
Sangeeta Kamath and Trupti Nawar (Department of Psychology, Ramnarain Ruia Autonomous College, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra)

How an individual with visual challenges copes up with the disability, depends to a large extent on the supportive environment provided by the family, specifically by the parents. Parental role mainly depends upon the way in which parents rear the child. The present study focused on exploring whether the perception of youths with visual challenges of their parent's parenting style is different from that of youths with no visual challenges. This in turn will help in gaining an idea about the emotional atmosphere at home experienced by the two sets of youths. 30 participants studying at the undergraduate level with visual challenges were compared with 30 matched participants (Matched across their educational background) with no visual challenges. The type of parenting style experienced by them was compared using the Buri's Parenting Authority Questionnaire. The levels of each of the 3 types of parenting experienced by them were also compared. The results suggested that there was no difference in the pattern of parenting experienced by the two groups of participants, with respect to the style of mothers as well as fathers. Also the level of each type of parenting was comparable.

Pages: 1856-1859
Salmon Jacob and Jahanara (Department of Anthropology, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh)

The use of biomass burning, i.e., firewood from forests, is the main source of cooking energy of the Sahariya community, a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG), from Kishanganj block of Baran district in Rajasthan. The forests in the area have dwindled over the years, as per the Rajasthan state forest reports. The people's perception of the reasons for degradation of forest in the area, indicates the role of local people in deforestation, mainly for local construction and household cooking energy needs. The dwindling forests have aggravated the struggles of Sahariya women in fetching firewood from long distances. Emissions from traditional biomass burning for cooking energy, contributes to health issues and the issue of climate change. This paper presents the study of Sahariya tribal households from Baran, who were provided with a fuel efficient cookstove, and the benefits assessed in terms of emission levels of particulates - PM10 and PM2.5, methane (CH4) and Poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The results indicate that emission levels were reduced within the prescribed standards and households were able to significantly reduce their firewood requirement. This reduction in the household emissions and reduction in firewood requirement observed in Sahariya community, can be a pragmatic solution in the collective efforts of tackling the issue of deforestation and also a positive contribution towards reducing emissions of carbon particulates and GHGs from rural households. The co-benefits include reduced stress levels among women, as firewood requirement is reduced, and improvement in overall health of family members from improved indoor air quality.

Pages: 1864-1867
Shashi Prabha and Uma Mittal (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Social intelligence is the ability of an individual to comprehend feelings and emotions of other individual and respond according to the situations. Social intelligence is necessary for leading a successful life in a society. Social intelligence comprised of four components: social skills, social awareness, social information processing, and social desirability. The components of social intelligence relate differentially with aggression, altruism and compassion. And they are very important to determine the level of social intelligence among adults. Although the social intelligence has been reviewed with aggression, altruism and compassion many times but differential relationship of its components has not been studied so far. Therefore the present study has been under taken to assess the relationship of social intelligence with aggression, altruism and compassion. The study was conducted on 200 adults age ranging between 20 years to 30 years. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used for the study and tools used were Tromso social intelligence scale given by Silvera et al. (2001). The Transgression- Related Interpersonal Motivation Scale (TRIM) by McCullough et al. (1998); compassionate love for humanity scale by Sprecher and Fehr (2005); The helping attitude scale given by (Nickell, 1998). The finding revealed that social intelligence was positively correlated with altruism as well as compassion and negatively correlated with aggression. Further, social information processing was significantly positively correlated with altruism and compassion. Whereas, social skills and social awareness were significantly negatively correlated with aggression.

Pages: 1873-1875
Shruti P. Soudi and Shanmukh V. Kamble (PG Department of Psychology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka)

Arts have a great role in helping us reaching and exploring parts of ourselves that are often inaccessible to other systems of human interaction. It travels below the radar, bringing sustenance for our personalities and coming up with tales from the inner most self. A creation deprived of art is an insensitive world. producing and imbibing arts boost our spirits and retains us well-balanced. Creative work, like science and religion, benefits us by making most of our lives, leaving us feeling us feel better.” Artist “In each phase, the arts have encouraged individuals and provided them solace. Professor Lord Layard. Present study focuses on an optimal experience and psychological well-being of Musicians and Theatre artists. The aim of present investigation is to know the significant difference between Musicians and Theatre artists. The primary data was collected from respondents by administering Flow Short Scale (Rheinberg, Vollmever, & Engeser, 2008) and Psychological well-being scale (Ryff, 1989) on Professional Musicians and Theatre artists. The outcomes revealed that there is very high significant difference between Musicians and theatre artists on their challenge-skill balance. There exists significantly very high positive correlation between Flow and Purpose in life and Self-acceptance. Finally, There is significantly very high positive correlation between Challenge-skill Balance and Purpose in life.

Pages: 1878-1881
K. Vasumathi and N. Murugeswari (Department of Womens Studies, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu)

High levels of stress encountered by the parents with very less effective methods to overcome will always be an obstacle to face the tasks involved in parenting the child. The study was conducted to assess the coping strategies among mothers of mentally challenged children in Coimbatore. A descriptive research design was adopted in this study to assess the level of coping among Mothers of Mentally Challenged Children by using convenient sampling technique. Results showed that about 1.9% of mothers had below average level of coping, 5.8% of mothers had average level of coping, 75% of mothers had above average level of coping and 3% of mothers had very good level of coping. It is concluded that, counsellors and educationalists involved in the health care industry must chart out the very strenuous fields and have to meticulously support the usage of various coping strategies to help out the parents in overcoming the difficulties faced by them in bringing up the mentally challenged children.

Pages: 1887-1890
Vijay Pal Singh and Divya Hiran (Faculty of Fashion Technology, Public Academy of Higher Education and Research University, Udaipur, Rajasthan)

Sportswear is among the most versatile performance clothing. Lifestyle changes, increasing participation in sports and health conscious activities have created demand for comfortably functional sports apparel. Accordingly, a range of value-added clothing with properties like temperature regulation, moisture management, stretch, odor reduction and light weight is available in the market for everyday sportswear. While these clothes may have multi-functional properties, they do not fall in the category of functional clothing. Sports-functional clothing is a class apart because it represents performance enhancing clothes. These clothes are at the cutting edge of athletic performance. Two principles primarily govern the design and constructing of sportswear following two cardinal principles. These are the principles of aerodynamics that help reduce the drag power of wind and the second is the application of compression for increasing blood flow on specific muscles. Another important design criteria is the aesthetics of the clothing. Factors considered for developing stretch pattern technology use digital quantification of the degree of fabric stretch for assessing stretch fit. The idea is to make the stretch pattern construction process more transparent in CAD applications. This ultimately offers better fitting and distinctly more comfortable garments to the customer.

Pages: 1896-1899
Muhammad Aarif Malik (Department of Education, Central University of Haryana, Jat-Pali, Mahendragarh, Haryana)

To build own personality, society and the nation one always endeavors by giving his best to achieve more and more. The present research study was conducted to find out the Effect of Cognitive Difficulty of students on their Academic Achievement of different Higher Secondary students of district Jammu of J&K state with reference to their locality and type of school. Cognitive difficulty is among the fundamental factors which may affect the academic achievement of students through different angles. To accomplish the study researcher employed descriptive research design and collected the data from a sample of 300 Government and Private school students selected from 8 Higher Secondary schools by applying simple random sampling technique. In this research study ANOVA as a statistical technique was used to analyze the data. The result of the study reveals that Cognitive difficulty plays a very gigantic role in determining the Academic Achievement of students.