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Pages: 661-663 War is hell. But somehow, we humans have found a way to make it necessary through the course of history. From a country trying to expand its territory to a dictator trying to rule the world, man has witnessed countless battles. Strategy is main object of the war .It is about how you defeat your enemy mentally. Some strategies are cruel, while some don't even need a bullet to be fired. Over time, there have been countless techniques employed and witnessed on the battlefield. Thus until the 17th and 18th centuries strategy included to varying degrees such problems as fortification, maneuver, and supply. In the 19th and 20th centuries, however, with the rise of mass ideologies, vast conscript armies, global alliances, and rapid technological change, military strategy became difficult to distinguish from "grand strategy," that is, the proper planning and utilization of the entire resources of a society military, technological, economic, and political. |
Pages: 664-666 Vasudhaiv Kutumbkam, the whole world is one family. Every human being on this planet is created by a divine power and thus we all are the members of the same family. In order to increase or enhance the well-being of the family as a whole, we need to focus on improving the well-being of each and every member of that family. This paper focuses on one of the most important virtues i.e. courage. The paper discusses about what is positive psychology and courage. It also reflects upon the importance of courage in facing day to day difficulties, problems, and fears by children, teenagers, adults and hence promote their well-being. For instance, some people hesitate and find it difficult to face and deal with their friends. The fear of not being accepted by the society is one of the major cause for this. In such situations courage will increase confidence and help in reducing stress, anxiety and physical symptoms like head ache, body pain, fatigue, etc. Courage will help people to express their thoughts and feelings freely, thus, leading to happiness, acceptance and improved relationships with their friends. The different ways or methods for developing courage have been laid down in this paper. |
Pages: 667-672 Along with the incredible advancement in the field of technology, globalization and modernization, there's an alarming escalation in the level of stress that leads to distress critical causing psychological and physiological issues among employees in the corporate sector especially Information Technology (IT) and Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES). Even though efforts have been made by corporations to address these crucial issues, findings from the studies in the filed indicate that there is a dire need for exploring more innovative and effective ways to address this problem. Neuro Linguistic Programming (NLP) is a psychological technology that has been becoming popular across the world for crating positive change and excellence in different aspects of human life. A pilot study has been done to determine the feasibility of doing a full-scale study on the effectiveness of using NLP for reducing the negative effects of stress and its correlates among corporate employees. A sample of 10 employees from different IT and ITES companies was selected to do the study using Before- After without control group design. DASS21 was used as the assessment tool. A pre-test was conducted using DASS 21 and detailed personal history as part of the protocol was taken. Based on the pre-test score and the information gathered through personal history, intervention was given using customized NLP techniques. A post intervention test was given after a week using the same assessment tool and again tested the participants after three months of the intervention. Scores were analysed using SPSS Version 24. The results indicated significant reduction in the mean values of pre-test and post- tests. The outcome was that a full-scale study is feasible using this protocol with a modification of establishing a control group. |
Pages: 673-675 Adolescence is characterized with autonomy and independence. Adolescence is considered as the period of various psychological and developmental changes. Literature suggests that there are many cases of depression seen during the adolescence years. Gender differences during this stage are marked as the distinctive feature. Both the gender responds differently and is differently vulnerable to depression and have different adjustment patterns. The stress exposure model posits that the mere exposure to high level of stressors makes the person more vulnerable to poor adjustment. Parenting skills are of great importance in determining the psychological adjustment of individuals. The factors that influence the internalizing and externalizing behavior of individuals may have implications for the development of intervention strategies for adolescents. Adjustment is a very constructive concept that undermines the future development of individuals. The aim of the present research is to investigate the depression and adjustment among adolescent males and females. For the present research, the sample of 100 adolescents was taken with equal number of males and females. Incidental sampling technique was employed for the data selection. They were subjected to adjustment inventory and depression scale. Statistical technique of t-test has been applied. The results of the study show that there are insignificant differences among males and females on depression and adjustment. In this study, results found that the differences are neutralized and it can be due to the culture influence or other psycho-social factors. The psychosocial domain interprets the psychological attributes with environmental conditions. |
Pages: 676-678 Cancer is a genuine and intense issue that is known to be deadly. Because of its threatening nature, it is generally set apart by sadness and negative frame of mind towards life. Anxiety and depression among such patients are normal. The treatment itself, much of the time, acquires further deteriorating physical well-being of the patients alongside mental status. In this manner, it is critical to study the resilience of the people experiencing cancer. Keeping this in mind, present study was designed to assess and compare the resilience of various types of cancer patients in India with normal subjects. It was hypothesized that resilience would be significantly poor amongst the patients of cancer. To test the hypothesis, multi group design with four types of cancer i.e. breast, cervix, lung & prostate cancer was employed. A parallel control group was also taken in the 5 groups design. Sample consisted of 250 subjects. 50 cancer patients in each group and 50 normal healthy control subjects were selected on the basis of availability and informed consent. Resilience scale by Wagnild and Young (1993) was used to assess the resilience of the cancer patients. One way ANOVA followed by DRT showed that resilience amongst cancer patients had significantly reduced. The deterioration of resilience was found to be more in cervix and prostate cancer group and least in the breast cancer group and lung cancer group. It is suggested and recommended that psychological intervention to improve the resilience of cancer patients should be an integral part of the treatment and type of cancer should be considered while designing such interventions. |
Pages: 679-683 “If liberty and equality, as is thought by some are chiefly to be found in democracy, they will be best attained when all persons alike share in the government to the utmost” Good Governance is prerequisite for democracy. Such governance includes some factors such as transparency, accountability, rule of law and people's participation. India is a democratic country and in every democratic country, there is a need of good governance and transparency. Following India adopt the policy of liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation; as a result the term governance came to be used to define the reinventing of public administration, particularly in the developing countries, to make it more receptive to the needs of globalization. In absence of good governance, no development schemes can bring any improvement in the quality life of the citizens. This paper makes an effort to provide a framework for good governance in India by identifying its essential features and shortcomings in its working and emphasizes need for innovative approaches. |
Pages: 684-686 The present paper has the glimpse of nostalgia of the author in his novel A New World. A New World (2000) is the study of Chaterjee, an economist, university lecturer and a divorced writer living in America and the visit he makes with his son Vikram to his elderly parent's home in Calcutta. Jayojit travels back from the United States to his native India with his son, Vikram (otherwise known as Bonny). They are to stay for four months to take advantage of the custody settlement following Jayojit's divorce. As father and son re-establish themselves in the city during the summer we are given a sense of the returning migrants' disorientation within a landscape that is both familiar yet strange. Behind him, in America, is the broken relationship that has left Jayojit fragile and depressed, yet he cannot help glancing back at that land of wealth and opportunity as if it might also cure him. His creative focus falls on customs, traditions, superstitions, and the way people, talk, take bath, drape themselves, meet, worship and indulge in singing and music. Chaudhuri can touch, hear, see and even taste the city. There is nothing unusual either about the place or the people mentioned by him. |
Pages: 687-689 Forgiveness is letting go of the need for revenge and releasing negative thoughts of bitterness and resentment. Forgiving and letting go can be very difficult challenges, but it's even more stressful to hold on to grudges. Different types of forgiveness and their implications in healthy life has been documents in various researches. The present paper reviews on theoretical perspective of forgiveness. Different models of forgiveness have been discussed with empirical background. |
Pages: 690-693 The Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan is an effort to recognize the need for improving the performance of the school system and to provide community-owned quality elementary education in the mission mode. It also envisages the bridging of gender and social gaps. This study is mainly An Evaluative Study with some additional aspects as well. The objectives of SSA and methodology have been explained in this document. This study deals with the evaluation of various parameters of SSA. This is a study based on a qualitative approach, which refers to a process to look into the working of a given programme, "Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan in Chandigarh". In the present study, to see its success as per goals set for it in terms of social utility and desirability. This includes analysis of teachers' perceptions about the implementation of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan program effectiveness at Elementary Level in Government schools of Chandigarh |
Pages: 694-700 The present study was mainly designed to examine systematically the differences, if any, in the level of wisdom, general intelligence and emotional intelligence of school and college students, and also to examine the structured interrelationship among them at school level and college level. For the realization of the research objective, 105 school students and 105 college students were tested with 3-D Wisdom scale, Raven's Standard Progressive Matices, Hundal General Mental Ability Test and Multidimensional Measure of Emotional Intelligence. Obtained data were analyzed using Descriptive Statistics, t test, Pearson's Correlations and Principal Component Factor Analysis. Results have revealed higher mean score of college students on three measures of wisdom, fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence and four measures of emotional intelligence depicting the positive impact of age and education on the development of these three cognitive abilities. Pearson's correlations and Factor Analysis have revealed wisdom to be more closely related to crystallized intelligence than fluid intelligence. Three dimensions of wisdom have correlated differently with five dimensions of emotional intelligence. Finding depicts the malleable nature of wisdom, intelligence, and emotional intelligence and some structured relationship among them. |
Pages: 701-703 Today research scholars are facing more challenge in this global world. To improve their competence and achievement is very important issue. Spiritual intelligence has attained a valuable place as an academic construct in the field of psychology. Spiritual intelligence (SI) plays significant role in problem solving and critical existential thinking and can be used for improving research performance of research scholars. There are studies on investigating the influence of spirituality on academic performance at the college level (Astin, Astin, & Lindholm, 2011; Bolghani-Abadi et al., 2012; Capeheart-Meningall, 2005; Cassidy, 2012; Green & Noble, 2010) but hardly any study that deal with this concept at the PhD level and none address its effect on competence and achievement. In an effort to help their students, faculties, supervisors, guides and mentors have to understand that including a spiritual component will aid in holistic development and ultimately motivate achievement. In this study a systematic review of peer reviewed publications was carried out to understand the effect of spiritual intelligence on competence and academic achievements of research scholars. |
Pages: 704-708 Inspired and talented employees inclined to donate additional in standing of organizational effectiveness, profitability, growth and competitive advantage in sustaining a pledge level leads to the accompanying goodwill of an organization. Employees Engagement floods across the employer-employeefrontier, where takings, brand equity and brand image of an organization also stand. This paper makes as hot to study diverse factors and ten C's of employee engagement through comprehensive literature. This paper used to afford a skeleton and references about theoretical and practical study undertaken in the field of the employee engagement. |
Pages: 709-713 HIV/AIIDS is an incurable and often fatal disease requires enormous psychosocial adjustment. India has the third largest HIV epidemic in the world. In 2017, HIV prevalence among adults (aged 15-49) was estimated 0.2% (UNAIDS, 2017). Overall this highly heterogenic population is slowing down and concentrated among key affected population. However the vulnerabilities that drive the epidemic vary due to its strong ties with gender inequalities and societal stigmatized behavior. Disclosure of HIV has several important connotations in India, specifically in context of gender differences and the stigma associated with it. The available research evidences indicate that gender based disparities adversely affect the mental health, self-esteem and rumination in HIV+ males and females. To assess the gender difference between HIV+ males and females on their mental health, self-esteem and rumination. To carry out the research, purposive sampling was employed on 100 HIV+ patients including 50 males and 50 females. The significant gender difference was found between HIV+ males and females on their mental health, self-esteem and rumination. Result indicated that mean scores obtained by HIV+ males showed the higher level of self-esteem and mental health than HIV+ females. On the other hand females scored higher on rumination. The role of gender disparities was found to have a significant impact on the mental health, self-esteem and rumination in HIV+ males and females. |
Pages: 714-717 Psychological well-being is the essence of human existence. To lead a balanced life; psychological well-being is a prerequisite whereas leisure activities are those activities which are performed in ones free time on non obligatory activities means participating in activities distant from routine activities and life stresses. The current investigation was designed to study the interrelationship between leisure activities and psychological well-being among young adult students. The sample for the current investigation consisted of 300 young adult students from the age bracket of 20-25 years and all of them were picked out from colleges and universities of NCR region on the basis of availability. For this purpose; The Leisure Interest Measure was used to assess leisure activities and Psychological Well-Being scale was administered to assess psychological well-being. Inter-correlation analysis was used to see the associations between the two sets of the variables and further regression analysis was done to explore the predictive role of leisure activities in predicting psychological well-being. Results were discussed in terms of its implications in the area of health psychology. |
Pages: 718-724 Spirituality is concerned more with being than doing. The seeker's whole effort is to be oneself. Spirituality is not an experience. You cannot experience it. If you experience it, it is something of the mind. How can you experience yourself? When there is nothing to be seen, when all experiences disappear, when there is no object to be observed but only awareness not obstructed by any experience, then you have become spiritual. You are the seer. Spirituality is not performance-oriented. It is to be lived as naturally as we breathe. Spirituality is a quality of being actually; it is awareness of the divine reality. As an Indian mystic Sri Kunal Krishna says, “spiritual journey is not filling yourself with other people's knowledge, it is essential for the inner journey to drop all borrowed knowledge and start as though you know absolutely nothing. Spirituality is direct and simple, now and there, it is living moment-to-moment without any greed, fear, guilt, confusion and dissatisfaction. Spirituality is not business which sells the crutches of comfort, consolation and conclusion. It is a process of deep quest and deep questioning which evokes the awareness to see the false as the false, to see the true as true, and to weed out the false from the true. In the endless music of spirituality, meaning, Samadhi and enlightenment are only changing notes of the rhythm......there is no wall of separation. One of the vital, though sometimes, overlooked role of spirituality is that of transcendence. Transcendence refers to a state of being which acknowledges a reality beyond the self or beyond personal experience. It is a state that moves beyond the physical and logical norms, and can be attained through an individual's intuitive perceptions rather than the dictates of established religious or scientific thought. Transcendence is an emergent quality that can become stabilized in mature spirituality. Transcendence has a variety of meanings in different religions. Generally, it refers to a state of spiritual attainment that exists beyond the physical being. Some religions believe that God is a transcendent being in terms of physical transcendence. Other religions believe in immanence, which is the opposite of transcendence. Immanence means within, or in terms of God, that he exists completely in the physical. Within Hinduism, transcendence carries different meanings with different scriptures and traditions. For the most part however, it describes a state of spiritual attainment. In this state, a person is no long controlled by basic human desires, such as greed and material goods. Indian ethics emphasizes that the spiritual aspect of human nature is very divine; it is eternality, perfection, infinite existence, infinite consciousness, and infinite bliss. The Bhagavad Gita occupies a very prominent place in the ethical literature of India. It stands out as the gospel of truth, setting up inspiring ideal for the conduct of life. Many in the stresses and strains of their life look into this veritable reservoir of ethical norms for practical guidance. |
Pages: 725-728 This study depicts about the relationship between psychological capital and in insurance sector employees' well-being. The sample of 300 Life Insurance Corporation agents and officers drawn from eight district of Haryana State to conduct the research. Two questionnaires were administered namely psychological capital questionnaire by Luthans (2007) and subjective well-being scale by Sell and Nagpal (1992). The collected data were treated statistically for descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and linear multiple regression. The results of the study showed a strong association between each of the individual PsyCap constructs and well-being. Regression analysis suggests that among four PsyCap constructs resilience emerged as most potent predictors of well-being of insurance sector employees. |
Pages: 729-731 Bullying in school is a serious problem affecting between 7 and 35% of children and adolescents in Europe, United States, Canada, Australia, and Japan (Smith et al., 1999). Violence and victimization is a serious problems in school children, Such behaviors are now common headlines of newspapers in India. Bullying has been extensively defined as any form of physical or psychological behavior repeatedly inflicted by a more powerful and stronger student (or group of students) towards another one perceived as weaker. The present article reviews on psychological perspective of school bullying. |
Pages: 732-735 The present paper is an attempt to find out the spatial and temporal variation in the level of agricultural productivity during 1998-99 to 2015-16 in Northwestern Haryana. The district wise time series data has been obtained from secondary sources. District wise agricultural productivity has been calculated with the help of Bhalla and Tyagi method, (1989). To assess the temporal change in the level of agricultural productivity annual compound growth rate has been calculated. There has been an impressive growth in agricultural productivity in Northwestern Haryana during last two decades. In 1998-01 land productivity in Northwestern Haryana was Rs. 75131 per ha while in rest of Haryana it was Rs. 74497 per ha. Later on land productivity increased all over Haryana and in 2015-16 Northwestern Haryana again recorded higher land productivity in comparison to rest of Haryana. Northwestern Haryana achieved a growth rate of 2.41 percent per annum in productivity during last two decades while in rest of Haryana it was 1.81 percent per annum. |
Pages: 736-739 The purpose of the present paper is the study of City as the thematic background in the novels of the Chaudhuri. He can be termed as a revolutionary writer. He dresses his thoughts very conservatively. His hesitant delivery to his innate thoughts is of one who weighs each word carefully before committing it to speech. He uses his language very cautiously. His four novels- A Strange and Sublime Address, Afternoon Raag, Freedom Song and A New World-are slim and sensitive. The author, from the core of his heart wanted to become a poet. Yet it is fiction that has brought him worldwide name and fame. But there is another aspect to the man revealed in his latest two works both of which are non-fiction. The first is a work of literary criticism which reveals him to be a fiercely intelligent and non-conformist critic. The other is a collection of political essays where he comes across as passionate, committed and outspoken. The word “City” has been drawn from civitas city-state, which is probably a synonym of cives citizens. To be precise, City is a society of individuals who donate to an ideal of rational order. Thus it is physical as well as ideational. The physical city is a mere mirror image of the ideal, and the actual societies and institutions are imperfect pictures of it. The city, for the moderns, is seen as descending in values. |
Pages: 740-742 The present study aimed at investigating the role of Type A Behavior Pattern in determining subjective well-being among psychiatrist. The sample size consisted of 100 psychiatrists with (50 male & 50 female) from various Government Psychiatric Centers located in different states of India through purposive sampling. Correlational design was used. Participants completed Psychological Well-Being Scale (Ryff, 1996); Type A/B Behavioral Pattern Scale (Dhar & Jain, 2001). The results of the study revealed that psychological well-being of psychiatrist significantly negatively correlates with Type A Behavior Pattern (-.568 with P<.01). |
Pages: 743-746 The motivation behind the study was to recognize the level of Life Satisfaction and Resilience among the separated ladies in Rajasthan, India. This study aims to distinguish the relationship between Life fulfillment and strength. Life Satisfaction Scale and Connor Davidson Scale were utilized to gauge Life fulfillment and Resilience, among 60 separated ladies, all matured between 30-50 years. The outcomes were broke down utilizing t-test and Pearson r. The measurable examination recommended a positive connection between's Life Satisfaction and Resilience. The outcomes likewise showed that there is no critical contrast between the level of life fulfillment and strength among the Group 1 and Group 2. |
Pages: 747-751 Personal life of an individual as an employee is being largely affected by his or her quality of life. Therefore, intentions of the researchers in the field of organizational psychology is to focus on the association between personality factors of employees who are responsible for executive decision making (for e.g., assistant managers, managers, executives, etc.) and impact of personality factors i.e. optimism on quality of life. Thus, the identified factor could be affecting the level of employee's quality of life are their life orientation. The present investigation was carried out with the main aim to establish the relationship between life orientation (optimism) and quality of life. A sample of 300 employees working in various multinational IT companies located in NCR Delhi, Gurgaon, and Noida were selected for the presents study. Life Orientation Questionnaire (LOQ; Schier, Carver, & Bridges, 1994) and world health organization - quality of life (WHO QOL BREF; World Health Organization, 1996) was administered on the sample. The descriptive statistics was calculated which includes the mean and range for each scale. Relationship between life orientation and Quality of life and their domains (physical, psychological, social & environmental) were computed by using Pearson's Product Moment Correlational Method. Results clearly shows the significant positive correlation between life orientation and Quality of life. The obtained coefficient of correlation between life orientation and domains of quality of life (physical, psychological, social & environmental)ranges between 0.187 0.264.The highest correlation value was found between psychological QOL and life orientation (r = 0.264; p ≤ .01) whereas, the lowest value of correlation coefficient was reported between physical QOL and life orientation (r = 0.187; p ≤ .01). No significant correlation was reported between life orientation and social QOL Results reveals that individuals with an optimistic orientation leads better physical , psychological, and environmental QOL . |
Pages: 752-754 The question of author's intent behind writing a literary work hadn't been more scintillating than in the twentieth century when Wimsatt and Beardsley thwarted its agency over the act of interpretation of a text. They disqualify the role of authorial intent in gauging the merit and “judging the success” (Wimsatt & Beardsley, 29) of a literary work. 'The Intentional Fallacy' published in The Verbal Icon: Studies in the Meaning of Poetry does not investigate into the point in question but states its position and seeks out to convince the reader about it. In this essay I have also attempted to look at the question of a critic's or interpreter's authority over the interpreted meaning of the text. This question has been a point of debate for ages and Wimsatt and Beardsley have very objectively tried to decode its complexity. My attempt would be to look at all these pertinent questions in light of Wimsatt and Beardsley's original text. I have supplemented my arguments by inputs from a wonderfully curated and composed essay called 'Wittgensteinian Intentions' by Colin Lyas. The essay helps me rope in engaging arguments regarding the text and the authors' external memoirs to substantiate their point of view in the essay. |
Pages: 755-757 The present study aimed at investigating the role of emotion work in determining psychological well-being among psychiatrist. The sample size consisted of 100 psychiatrists with (50 male & 50 female) from various Government Psychiatric Centers located in different states of India through purposive sampling. Correlational design was used. Participants completed Psychological Well-Being Scale (Ryff & Singer, 1996); Emotion Work Scale (Zapf et al., 1999). The results of the study revealed that psychological well-being of psychiatrist significantly negatively correlates with emotion work (-.975 with P<.01). |
Pages: 758-760 Present study is trying to attempt, identified the association between self-control and emotional maturity among adolescents as this is the age of emotional turmoil and huge emotional changes. A random sample of 100 Adolescence from both genders was selected for the study on the basis of availability. The age range of the participants was 14 to 18 years. To achieve the purpose of the study The Emotional Maturity scale (Singh & Bhargav, 1990) and Self-control Scale (Tangney, Baumeister & Boone, 2004) were used. Results of intercorreltion matrices show that self-control ability have significantly positive correlation with emotional stability (r= +.343, p ≤ .01), emotional progression (r= +.439, p ≤ .01), social adjustment (r=+.497 p ≤ .01), personal integration (r= +.588, p ≤ .01), independence (r= +.401, p ≤ .01), and emotional maturity (r= +.593, p ≤ .01). Low level of self-control in adolescents connects to many emotional problems and leads to emotional immaturity. |