Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing

Pages: 1165-1172
Soamya and Sandeep Singh (Department of Applied Psychology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana)

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a complex disorder with diverse challenges arising at each new phase of a child's developmental span. The clinical presentation of ADHD consists of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. The American Psychiatric Association 2013 documented ADHD as “impairing disorder”. There is a growing body of research on the effectiveness of mindfulness for children and adolescents with psychopathology reported by Black et al. (2009); Burke (2010). Jon Kabat Zinn (2003) described mindfulness as the awareness that emerges through paying attention on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmental to the unfolding of experiences moment by moment. The rationale for using a mindfulness therapy with ADHD is built on several levels of potential impact, that the mindfulness based therapy focuses on the ability to enhance, control attention and to reduce automatic responses Teasdale et al. (1995). The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of six months mindfulness therapy on attention deficit of adolescents manifesting symptoms of ADHD. Sample: The target sample of the study comprises of 33 adolescent with the age group of 13 to 16 years of private schools. The sample in the present study was assessed for attention deficit by different measures. The D2 Attention by Brickenkamp and Zillmer (1998) was administered to measure sustained and focuses attention. The symptom of inattention was measured by Conner's 3 parent rating scale by Conners (2008) and further attention again was assessed with Brown's ADD Scales by Brown (2001). The outcome of the present study was analyzed by applying paired t- test on [pair 1 (baseline and middle phase), pair 2 (middle and post) and pair 3 (baseline & post)]. The finding of the present study indicates the considerable improvement on the alertness, attention, concentration and focus. The practice of mindfulness based therapy strengthens the ability to sustain and monitor the attention. The outcome of the present study is also consistent with the findings of Heeren and Philippot (2011); Semple (2010), that the mindfulness therapy enhances performance on the executive functioning such as attention, working memory and cognitive control. The evidence suggesting the potential benefits of mindfulness interventions with adolescents manifesting symptoms of attention deficits.

Pages: 1177-1180
Sandeep Panchal and Updesh Kumar (Defence Institute of Psychological Research, (DRDO), Delhi)
H. L. Joshi (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra)<

Mental health problems are an important public health concern for all age groups, but especially for married professionals. The objective of the present study was to explore the role of mental health and depression in suicidal ideation among married professionals. The sample consisted of 200 married professionals in the age range of 25 to 40 years. Symptom check list -90 (Derogatis, et al., 1973), Beck Depression Inventory (Beck et al., 1996), and Adult Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (Reynolds, 1991) were administered to the respondents. Results of the Pearson product moment correlation revealed that depression and mental health found to be positively correlated with suicidal ideation among married professionals. Stepwise regression analysis revealed two potent predictors of suicidal ideation i.e. Depression and phobic anxiety which account 29% of the variance.

Pages: 1184-1187
Shriparna Singh (Department of Psychology, The IIS University, Jaipur)
Deepika Rathore (Department of Psychology, ICG, The IIS University, Jaipur)

Many individuals are concerned with meeting high standards for performance. In recent time there has been extensive support for a two dimensional structure of perfectionism emphasizing maladaptive and adaptive aspects of the construct. Therefore present study attempts to explore defense mechanism utilized by different types of perfectionists and non-perfectionists and to compare psychological distress among the different group of perfectionists and non-perfectionists. Sample comprised of 100 female college students in the age range of 21-24 years. The scales utilized for the study were The Almost Perfect Scale Revised (Ashby &Trippi et al., 2001), Defense Style Questionnaire-40 (Andrews et al., 1993), Hopkins Symptom Checklist-21 (Green et al., 1988). The data obtained was analyzed by using analysis of variance. Results revealed that maladaptive perfectionists tend to employ immature defenses whereas adaptive perfectionist reported highest usage of mature defense mechanism. In addition, results show that maladaptive perfectionist reported highest psychological distress followed by non-perfectionist, and least by perfectionist adaptive group.

Pages: 1191-1193
Ruby Jain and Siddhi Goyal (Department of Home Science, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Adolescence is a period of transition between playful childhood and responsible adulthood with a large number of changes in physical, psychological and social domains of life. Adolescent boys and girls encounter social identity crisis, emotional turmoil, peer pressure and anti social behavior, problems in intimate relationship with opposite sex partners, conflicts with parents on values and morality, academic pressure and uncertainties about future. Life skills education can facilitate adolescent's practices and reinforce psychosocial skills in a culturally and developmentally appropriate way; it contributes to the promotion of personal and social development, the prevention of health and social problems, and the protection of human rights in young peoples. Life skills education promotes mental well-being in young people and equips them to face the realities of life. The purpose of the study was to assess Life Skills among 11th grade girls and boys student of Government Senior Secondary School of Jaipur district. The main reason for selecting only 11th grade students was that Life Skills Education is a compulsory subject in eleventh standard; therefore, 400 students (200 girls and 200 boy's students) were randomly selected from 16 Government Senior Secondary School of Jaipur District. The data were collected by using the LAS scale (Only Problem Solving, Decision Making, Coping with Emotions & Stress variables were taken for the study). Pretest and posttest design was used for data collection. Results show that girls were better on some of the Life Skills as compare to boys, in both pre and post test phases.

Pages: 1201-1205
Anuradha Deshpande and Neelam Pandey (Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, UP)

The present qualitative research was conducted in Delhi-NCR using the Children's Apperception Test to study the Psychological Impact of Parental Divorce on Children. A total sample of 20 was taken with an age bracket of 6-10 years. 10 children out of these belonged to intact families and 10 to divorced parents. A thematic analysis was done of the children's responses based on which common themes were derived under the 2 categories, namely- Adaptive Mechanism Schedule and Story Dynamics (as in the original study by Haworth & Lawton) Overall result showed that children are negatively impacted by the divorce of their parents. It has a massive impact on the internal environment of the child as is visible by the predominant usage of unhealthy mechanisms and the frequency of negative responses to define the theme of a story on the test as compared to children who belong to intact families. The results are therefore in line with the hypothesis.

Pages: 1210-1212
Shirish K. Shitole (Department of Psychology, Mahavir Mahavidyalaya, Kolhapur, Maharashtra)

This research aims at finding out gender difference in parenting style for adolescents in urban setting and its relationship with their social maturity. Two scales namely, Parenting Scale by Bharadwaj Sharma and Garg (1998) and A Comprehensive Scale for Social Maturity by Pal Roma (1986) were used for this purpose. The sample was taken from Kolhapur city in Maharashtra and the number was 80 (40 Males and 40 Females). From observations, it is found that mother's perceived parenting style is significantly different in case of urban adolescent boys and girls (z = 2.59). But in case of father's perceived parenting style, there found no significant difference (z = 1.63). For urban adolescents, the correlation between social maturity and mother's parenting style was .6 (p<.01). The correlation coefficient between father's parenting style and urban adolescents' social maturity was .52 (p<.01). In case of boys, the correlation between their social maturity and mother's parenting style was .63 (p<.01) and for father's parenting style, it was .58 (p<.01). In case of girls, these respective values were .47 (p<.01) and .41 (p<.01). The correlation between mother's parenting style and father's parenting style for urban adolescents was also calculated. In case of all urban adolescents, it was .38 (p<.01). In case of urban boys, the value was .2 and was non-significant. In case of urban girls, this value was .54 and was significant at .01 level.

Pages: 1216-1218
Azara Parveen and Kiran Joshi (Department of Psychology, M.B.P.G. College, Haldwani)

The present study is aimed to explore about the personality differences between boys and girls. The areas of children's personality questionnaire are 14 dimensions. Here we are watching Comparison of Boys and Girls on Measure of children's Personality questionnaire. Sample of the Study: The sample consists of 120 students (60 male and 60 female) younger and older children various school of Kumoun region for the present investigation. Simple statistical techniques are employed for the analysis of data collected for the study. We can say that there is significant difference in personality of boys and girls. In CPQ A we got the higher score of girls in comparison of boys. CPQ B we got the higher score of girls in comparison of boys. CPQ D we got the higher score of boys in comparison of girls. CPQ E we got the higher score of boys in comparison of girls. CPQ F we got the higher score of boys in comparison of girls. CPQ G we got the higher score of girls in comparison of boys. CPQ H we got the higher score of boys in comparison of girls. CPQ I we got the higher score of boys in comparison of girls. CPQ O we got the higher score of boys in comparison of girls. CPQ Q3 we got the higher score of girls in comparison of boys. CPQ Q4 we got the higher score of boys in comparison of girls.

Pages: 1222-1224
Archana Shukla and Deepti Mehrotra (Department of Psychology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, U.P.)

The present study endeavourers to cast a glance at the Quality of Life among Female Sex Workers in CREATE (Centre for Rural Entrepreneurship and Technical Education) at Lucknow, with the help of WHO QOL-BREF 1996 questionnaire. Sample comprised of 30 female sex workers selected on the basis of purposive sampling (age ranged 20-30 years). Results revealed poor quality of life of FSW further in terms of domains they were high on psychological and environmental domains of quality of life as compared to physical and social domains.

Pages: 1229-1231
Anita Moral (Department of Psychology, S.V. Degree College, Aligarh, U.P.)
Raj Kumar (Department of Physiology NRI Medical College, Vishakhapatnam, A.P.)
Manisha Sharma ( Department of in Psychology, C.C.S. University, Meerut)

Meditation is the state of skillful awareness. Now a days, immense effects are studied by researcher about this state, which have various psychological, neurological and physiological effects. Rob Nairn (1989) explains meditation as a highly alert and skillful state of mind. The present study attempts to assess the effect of meditation and gender on well being on 80 subjects who were divided into two groups, one was Experimental and second was Control. Each group consists of 40 subjects (20 male and 20 female). To measure the status of well being the P.G.I. general well being measure (PGIG, WBM, Verma & Verma, 1989) was used. The results of study clearly define significant difference (f-value 83.70) on the status of well being between meditators and non-meditators. Results also indicate the significant difference of gender (f-value 17.66) on well being. Concluding results highlight the significant effect of meditation and gender on well being.

Pages: 1236-1239
Bimal Singh and Vismita Paliwal ( Amity University, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Over the last few years, India's economy has been on a high growth trajectory creating unprecedented opportunities for its banking sector. Most banks have enjoyed high growth and their valuations have appreciated significantly during this period. To maintain this growth, proper training and development of the employees is required In order to meet up with the growing demands of the customers and the market. With change in the economic scenario of India, change in the level of training and development has also been observed. In the present study the changes and challenges in the training and development process of the employees of public and private sector banks is been reviewed. With the help of studies conducted in this field it is concluded that private sector banks are more conscious about the level of training provided to their employees and the rate of the development of their banks to meet up with the latest standards as compared to the public sector banks. Implications and limitations of the study are stated.

Pages: 1244-1248
Sudha Srikanth and Reeta Sonawat (Department of Human Development, SNDT Womens University, Mumbai)

The aim of this study is to explore the available literature on Emotional Intelligence (EI) and understand it's application in day to day life. This paper is a culmination of various studies in EI which indicate that Emotional Intelligence can add essence to life. To provide greater focus and direction to the readers, the studies have been divided into the following sub-topics: Concept of EI, Models of EI, Skills in EI, Contribution of EI to enhance quality of life. Emotional Intelligence forms the foundation for enhanced learning, optimal relationships and effective decision-making.EI, according to Nancy Gibbs (1995) of TIME magazine “may be the best predictor of success in life.” Believing that cognitive ability plays a rather limited role in accounting for why some people are more successful than others, Daniel Goleman (1995) agreed with Salovey and Mayer's work in the early 1990's. Displaced anger, violence and aggression, failed relationships, crimes, abuses, well, the list seems endless! All these have one thing in common…..emotions.Words uttered in haste, out of place actions, reactions instead of responses, no signs of forgiving and letting go add to the woes. The missing piece in this beautiful puzzle of life seems to be unattended, ignored and repressed emotions. Inspite of theories and models, it can be concluded that EI with regard to application in everyday life has not been researched enough.“Nurturing Values and Strengths in Individuals and Society: Role of Psychology” being the theme for the conference, it is of utmost importance that we at this juncture in life, take a step back and evaluate why are there so many crimes in this world of fast track technology? How can we take a step forward in the area of research to understand EQ-The Essence of Life.

Pages: 1252-1254
Nitin Hosmelkar ( Senior Medical Officer, ART Center Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan)

Moral values are the highest among all natural values. Goodness, purity, truthfulness, humility of man rank higher than genius, brilliancy, exuberant vitality, than the beauty of nature or of art, than the stability and power of a state .Sexual assault and abuse is any type of sexual activity that one does not agree to, including:Inappropriate touching, Vaginal, anal, or oral penetration, Sexual intercourse that one say no to, Rape, Attempted rape, Child molestation.The risk of contracting HIV during sexual assault is low but present.Rape increases the risk of HIV transmission compared to consensual sex, as trauma is more likely and because sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) maybe more prevalent in victims of sexual assault than in the general population. These infections may increase susceptibility to HIV infection.Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is short-term antiretroviral treatment to reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure, either occupationally or through sexual intercourse. Within the health sector, PEP should be provided as part of a comprehensive universal precautions package that reduces staff exposure to infectious hazards at work. To be effective, PEP must begin within 72 hours of exposure, before the virus has time to make too many copies of itself in human body. PEP consists of 3 antiretroviral (ART/ARV/HAART) medications and should be taken for 28 days.Non-occupational PEP (sometimes called “nPEP”), taken when someone is potentially exposed to HIV outside the workplace (e.g., from sexual assault, or during episodes of unprotected sex or needle-sharing injection drug use).Sexual assault not only bring trauma and pain to the victim but it also carries series of such psychological disturbances like quarries & cooperation to the treating Doctor & legal personnel like Police, Judicial & social workers by answering to all such questions , answering to which may sometime will be very difficult & painful. Above all this, finding a solution for this can take many years. Chance of becoming pregnant is another problem need to be taken care of and above all, transmission of sexually transmitted infections & HIV should be taken care. Hepatitis B & C infections are still more dangerous than HIV & chances of getting these infections are much more. These are all stressful factors which trigger the worst condition of the victim. Even victim can go into deep depression & psychological disturbances. Therefore they need regular fallow up for pregnancy, STI's/RTI's, Hepatitis B & C and nPEP should be provided free of cost to stop further health problems of HIV. So this is the moral responsibility of the Government and society to provide free PEP along with fast justice.

Pages: 1263-1272
D. Ravi, K. Ramachandran and Bhhavya (Defence Institute of Psychological Research, Defence Research and Development Organization, New Delhi)

The aim of the study is to develop and validate the Mental Toughness Questionnaire (MTQ). Initially 120 items were generated and finally it reduced 40 items based on item analysis. To establish the reliability, test retest (0.635) and internal consistency reliability (0.912) were identified and to study the latent structure principal component factor analysis carried out and its three factors structure explains 45.4 % of the total variance. To cross validate the latent structure, confirmatory factor analysis carried out, and it supports the three dimensional oblique model. For concurrent validity, it is significantly correlated with mental toughness scale and for convergent validity it is related with the theoretically relevant constructs. For the predictive validity the scale is discriminating the successful and unsuccessful shooters. Finally, Mental Toughness score was positively correlated with the Social desirability score, however its magnitude was relatively small.