Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing

Pages: 1210-1212
Shirish K. Shitole (Department of Psychology, Mahavir Mahavidyalaya, Kolhapur, Maharashtra)

This research aims at finding out gender difference in parenting style for adolescents in urban setting and its relationship with their social maturity. Two scales namely, Parenting Scale by Bharadwaj Sharma and Garg (1998) and A Comprehensive Scale for Social Maturity by Pal Roma (1986) were used for this purpose. The sample was taken from Kolhapur city in Maharashtra and the number was 80 (40 Males and 40 Females). From observations, it is found that mother's perceived parenting style is significantly different in case of urban adolescent boys and girls (z = 2.59). But in case of father's perceived parenting style, there found no significant difference (z = 1.63). For urban adolescents, the correlation between social maturity and mother's parenting style was .6 (p<.01). The correlation coefficient between father's parenting style and urban adolescents' social maturity was .52 (p<.01). In case of boys, the correlation between their social maturity and mother's parenting style was .63 (p<.01) and for father's parenting style, it was .58 (p<.01). In case of girls, these respective values were .47 (p<.01) and .41 (p<.01). The correlation between mother's parenting style and father's parenting style for urban adolescents was also calculated. In case of all urban adolescents, it was .38 (p<.01). In case of urban boys, the value was .2 and was non-significant. In case of urban girls, this value was .54 and was significant at .01 level.

Pages: 1216-1218
Azara Parveen and Kiran Joshi (Department of Psychology, M.B.P.G. College, Haldwani)

The present study is aimed to explore about the personality differences between boys and girls. The areas of children's personality questionnaire are 14 dimensions. Here we are watching Comparison of Boys and Girls on Measure of children's Personality questionnaire. Sample of the Study: The sample consists of 120 students (60 male and 60 female) younger and older children various school of Kumoun region for the present investigation. Simple statistical techniques are employed for the analysis of data collected for the study. We can say that there is significant difference in personality of boys and girls. In CPQ A we got the higher score of girls in comparison of boys. CPQ B we got the higher score of girls in comparison of boys. CPQ D we got the higher score of boys in comparison of girls. CPQ E we got the higher score of boys in comparison of girls. CPQ F we got the higher score of boys in comparison of girls. CPQ G we got the higher score of girls in comparison of boys. CPQ H we got the higher score of boys in comparison of girls. CPQ I we got the higher score of boys in comparison of girls. CPQ O we got the higher score of boys in comparison of girls. CPQ Q3 we got the higher score of girls in comparison of boys. CPQ Q4 we got the higher score of boys in comparison of girls.

Pages: 1222-1224
Archana Shukla and Deepti Mehrotra (Department of Psychology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, U.P.)

The present study endeavourers to cast a glance at the Quality of Life among Female Sex Workers in CREATE (Centre for Rural Entrepreneurship and Technical Education) at Lucknow, with the help of WHO QOL-BREF 1996 questionnaire. Sample comprised of 30 female sex workers selected on the basis of purposive sampling (age ranged 20-30 years). Results revealed poor quality of life of FSW further in terms of domains they were high on psychological and environmental domains of quality of life as compared to physical and social domains.

Pages: 1229-1231
Anita Moral (Department of Psychology, S.V. Degree College, Aligarh, U.P.)
Raj Kumar (Department of Physiology NRI Medical College, Vishakhapatnam, A.P.)
Manisha Sharma ( Department of in Psychology, C.C.S. University, Meerut)

Meditation is the state of skillful awareness. Now a days, immense effects are studied by researcher about this state, which have various psychological, neurological and physiological effects. Rob Nairn (1989) explains meditation as a highly alert and skillful state of mind. The present study attempts to assess the effect of meditation and gender on well being on 80 subjects who were divided into two groups, one was Experimental and second was Control. Each group consists of 40 subjects (20 male and 20 female). To measure the status of well being the P.G.I. general well being measure (PGIG, WBM, Verma & Verma, 1989) was used. The results of study clearly define significant difference (f-value 83.70) on the status of well being between meditators and non-meditators. Results also indicate the significant difference of gender (f-value 17.66) on well being. Concluding results highlight the significant effect of meditation and gender on well being.

Pages: 1236-1239
Bimal Singh and Vismita Paliwal ( Amity University, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Over the last few years, India's economy has been on a high growth trajectory creating unprecedented opportunities for its banking sector. Most banks have enjoyed high growth and their valuations have appreciated significantly during this period. To maintain this growth, proper training and development of the employees is required In order to meet up with the growing demands of the customers and the market. With change in the economic scenario of India, change in the level of training and development has also been observed. In the present study the changes and challenges in the training and development process of the employees of public and private sector banks is been reviewed. With the help of studies conducted in this field it is concluded that private sector banks are more conscious about the level of training provided to their employees and the rate of the development of their banks to meet up with the latest standards as compared to the public sector banks. Implications and limitations of the study are stated.

Pages: 1244-1248
Sudha Srikanth and Reeta Sonawat (Department of Human Development, SNDT Womens University, Mumbai)

The aim of this study is to explore the available literature on Emotional Intelligence (EI) and understand it's application in day to day life. This paper is a culmination of various studies in EI which indicate that Emotional Intelligence can add essence to life. To provide greater focus and direction to the readers, the studies have been divided into the following sub-topics: Concept of EI, Models of EI, Skills in EI, Contribution of EI to enhance quality of life. Emotional Intelligence forms the foundation for enhanced learning, optimal relationships and effective decision-making.EI, according to Nancy Gibbs (1995) of TIME magazine “may be the best predictor of success in life.” Believing that cognitive ability plays a rather limited role in accounting for why some people are more successful than others, Daniel Goleman (1995) agreed with Salovey and Mayer's work in the early 1990's. Displaced anger, violence and aggression, failed relationships, crimes, abuses, well, the list seems endless! All these have one thing in common…..emotions.Words uttered in haste, out of place actions, reactions instead of responses, no signs of forgiving and letting go add to the woes. The missing piece in this beautiful puzzle of life seems to be unattended, ignored and repressed emotions. Inspite of theories and models, it can be concluded that EI with regard to application in everyday life has not been researched enough.“Nurturing Values and Strengths in Individuals and Society: Role of Psychology” being the theme for the conference, it is of utmost importance that we at this juncture in life, take a step back and evaluate why are there so many crimes in this world of fast track technology? How can we take a step forward in the area of research to understand EQ-The Essence of Life.

Pages: 1252-1254
Nitin Hosmelkar ( Senior Medical Officer, ART Center Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan)

Moral values are the highest among all natural values. Goodness, purity, truthfulness, humility of man rank higher than genius, brilliancy, exuberant vitality, than the beauty of nature or of art, than the stability and power of a state .Sexual assault and abuse is any type of sexual activity that one does not agree to, including:Inappropriate touching, Vaginal, anal, or oral penetration, Sexual intercourse that one say no to, Rape, Attempted rape, Child molestation.The risk of contracting HIV during sexual assault is low but present.Rape increases the risk of HIV transmission compared to consensual sex, as trauma is more likely and because sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) maybe more prevalent in victims of sexual assault than in the general population. These infections may increase susceptibility to HIV infection.Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is short-term antiretroviral treatment to reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure, either occupationally or through sexual intercourse. Within the health sector, PEP should be provided as part of a comprehensive universal precautions package that reduces staff exposure to infectious hazards at work. To be effective, PEP must begin within 72 hours of exposure, before the virus has time to make too many copies of itself in human body. PEP consists of 3 antiretroviral (ART/ARV/HAART) medications and should be taken for 28 days.Non-occupational PEP (sometimes called “nPEP”), taken when someone is potentially exposed to HIV outside the workplace (e.g., from sexual assault, or during episodes of unprotected sex or needle-sharing injection drug use).Sexual assault not only bring trauma and pain to the victim but it also carries series of such psychological disturbances like quarries & cooperation to the treating Doctor & legal personnel like Police, Judicial & social workers by answering to all such questions , answering to which may sometime will be very difficult & painful. Above all this, finding a solution for this can take many years. Chance of becoming pregnant is another problem need to be taken care of and above all, transmission of sexually transmitted infections & HIV should be taken care. Hepatitis B & C infections are still more dangerous than HIV & chances of getting these infections are much more. These are all stressful factors which trigger the worst condition of the victim. Even victim can go into deep depression & psychological disturbances. Therefore they need regular fallow up for pregnancy, STI's/RTI's, Hepatitis B & C and nPEP should be provided free of cost to stop further health problems of HIV. So this is the moral responsibility of the Government and society to provide free PEP along with fast justice.

Pages: 1263-1272
D. Ravi, K. Ramachandran and Bhhavya (Defence Institute of Psychological Research, Defence Research and Development Organization, New Delhi)

The aim of the study is to develop and validate the Mental Toughness Questionnaire (MTQ). Initially 120 items were generated and finally it reduced 40 items based on item analysis. To establish the reliability, test retest (0.635) and internal consistency reliability (0.912) were identified and to study the latent structure principal component factor analysis carried out and its three factors structure explains 45.4 % of the total variance. To cross validate the latent structure, confirmatory factor analysis carried out, and it supports the three dimensional oblique model. For concurrent validity, it is significantly correlated with mental toughness scale and for convergent validity it is related with the theoretically relevant constructs. For the predictive validity the scale is discriminating the successful and unsuccessful shooters. Finally, Mental Toughness score was positively correlated with the Social desirability score, however its magnitude was relatively small.

Pages: 1281-1286
Pavitra Vasudevan, Shoma Chakrawarty and Dhanalakshmi, D. (Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry)

The study undertook a rare challenge of exploring the protective factors in middle adulthood as most research in this area looks at these factors in the context of the young or the elderly population. The study was aimed at exploring the relationship between optimism, health, coping and social support. A sample of hundred middle-aged participants (51 women and 49 men) were surveyed using the General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg &Williams, 1978), Life Orientation Test (Carver & Scheier, 1994), Ways of Coping Questionnaire (Folkman & Lazarus, 1985) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet, et al, 1988). The results indicated that people with a more optimistic outlook enjoyed better social support and utilized more adaptive coping strategies. There were no gender differences in optimism, social support and general health, although men manifested a tendency to use more escape avoidance and positive reappraisal. Teachers tended to have poorer health outcomes and used more avoidant coping strategies. In the model predicting health, planful problem solving emerged as the strongest predictor, followed by optimism, escape avoidance and social support from a significant other. The study reinforces the value of adaptive coping strategies for the health and wellbeing of individuals under stress. It also highlights the role of personal and social resources like optimism and social support, respectively, in fostering resilience in the face of the stressors of life.

Pages: 1291-1295
Vithoba Mhalkar (Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal University, Karnataka)
Linu Sara George (Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, MCON, Manipal University, Karnataka)
Asha Nayak (Department of Mental Health Nursing, MCON, Manipal University, Karnataka)

Over the years man's ability to perform has been judged by the intelligence he possesses, but it is evident intelligent quotient accounts only for about twenty percent of our success. The major attributes called Emotional Intelligence is critical to personal and professional success. Salovey and Mayer (1990) first coined the term emotional intelligence (EI), referring emotional intelligence as an ability to recognise the meaning of emotions and their relationship and to reason out and solve problems on the basis of the understanding. They further stated that EI develops with age and emotional skills can be learned. Nursing as a profession demands greater deal of understanding as we work with humans .Navigating through all emotions takes tact and cleverness especially if they hope to succeed in life. This is where emotional intelligence becomes important and integral part of their professional and personal life. This study aimed at assessing the EI of nursing students as well as the coping strategies used by them by using emotional intelligence inventory (EI) by Immanuel Thomas and coping strategies scale respectively at Manipal College of Nursing ,Manipal . Out of 74 participants, those having low and very low emotional intelligence(27) were subjected to emotional intelligence enhancement programme covering different facets of EQ of 10 hours divided into 5 days and post test was carried out after one month of intervention. The study group had significantly better improvement on overall emotional intelligence (p<0.001), personal efficacy (p<0.001), interpersonal efficacy (p<0.001), intrapersonal efficacy (p<0.001) and coping strategies (p<0.001). The Pearson correlation co-efficient also showed a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and coping strategies(r=0.504, p<0.001). It was also evident that students adopted better coping strategies like positive re-appraisal and seeking social support post EI enhancement programme.

Pages: 1302-1305
Amit Kumar (Ashoka Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital & De-addiction Centre, Jalandhar, Punjab)
Jai Prakash (Department of Clinical Psychology, RINPAS, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand)

Speech is the verbal means of communicating. Speech consists of articulation, voice and fluency. In mania speech is rapid and loud that is difficult to interrupt. In extreme cases speech may become so disorganized that it is incomprehensible. The present study aims at to compare the dysfunction in receptive and expressive speech in patients with Bipolar Affective Disorder, Mania and Single Episode Mania. The sample consists of 30 bipolar manic and 30 single episode manic patients selected from different wards of Ranchi Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Allied Sciences (RINPAS) Kanke, Ranchi. Scales of receptive speech and expressive speech from Luria Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery were administered individually. The findings revealed that there is significant difference between two groups on both receptive and expressive speech scale. Patients with BAD (mania) showed more dysfunction in receptive speech and expressive speech in comparison to patients with single episode mania.

Pages: 1312-1315
Dipti Arora (Department of Psychology, GHS Palra, Gurgaon, Haryana)
Promila Batra (Department of Psychology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana)

Processing of different stimuli or attention has widespread psychological consequences in one's life. Without attention, perceiving, thinking, learning, deciding and acting is not possible as it is the gateway to all these processes. But in this era of high workload, stress, competition and technological advances attention capacities are deteriorating a lot. Decline in attention can have far-reaching effects on one's ability to function adequately and efficiently in everyday life at work home and elsewhere. Thus, it is important to enhance attention. Various techniques are available for enhancing other cognitive processes such as memory, learning etc. but, the techniques for enhancing attention are yet not well established in the existing literature. Moreover, the techniques available for enhancing attention are very few and require a lot of training, time, effort and experience for implementing them. Negative air ion therapy could be one such technique that does not require much training, is easy and economical to handle the attention disorder and has been shown to exert a positive effect memory and learning. If this therapy can enhance memory and learning, it is quite possible that it can also affect attention and if it shows same impact on attention, it can have wide implications. Keeping this in mind, present work was designed to study the impact of Negative air ion exposure on Selective and Sustained attention. A two group pre post design was employed. A sample of 30 students (n=15) studying in class 8th and 9thin the age range of 14-16 years, with an average span of attention was selected. Experimental group was given an exposure of 1000-1200 ions/cm3 for 10 days and no exposure was given to control group. Subjects were tested on two simple tasks i.e. Selective and Sustained attention before and after the ionic exposure. The results revealed that negative air ion therapy enhances the Selective and Sustained attention of adolescents.