IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review

Pages: 515-518
Pranjul Kathpalia, Radhika Sharma, and Rhea Khetan (Anil Surender Modi School of Commerce, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, Maharashtra)

Increased competition, changing business environment, globalization and the advancement of Information and Communication Technology are the important factors that have forced banking and financial services to change. Development in Information and Technology have given rise to innovations in the product and services designing and their supply in all sphere specially in the banking sector, finance, industries, customer services and satisfaction are their centre point of all the efforts. With the time one of the most important concept of e-banking has got attention in the Indian context. Although most of the banks have already implemented the e-banking facilities, as these facilities are beneficial to both i.e banks as well as consumers, yet banks are facing many challenges and many opportunities available with them .In the years to come, e-banking not only be acceptable mode of banking but will be preferred mode of banking and with networking and inter connection new problems are taking place related to security, privacy and confidentiality to e-banking transactions. This paper is a exploratory study which analyzes the factors influencing the adopt in and less usu age of e- banking services. The result of the study indicated that easily accessibility and convenient to use (68.6%)are the major factors for adoption of e- banking while lack of computer knowledge was one of the predominant reason for less usage of e- banking

Pages: 522-524
Dharmeshwari Lourembam (Department of Psychology, Rajiv Gandhi University, Papum Pare, Arunachal Pradesh)

Life goals are cognitive representations of what is most wanted in one's life and every human behavior is guided, motivated, directed, and made meaningful by one's future goals. Life goals play a major role in an individual's life, especially for youth as most of their thoughts and actions are focused on their future goals. The content of life goals varies across individuals and among the various types of life goals; researchers have highly recognized the importance of autonomous and intrinsic life goals. Pursuing goals which are intrinsically rewarding, fits one's personal interest and autonomous results in well-being and optimal living. With the help of theoretical and empirical studies, the present research attempted to provide an overview of the conceptualization of autonomous and intrinsic life goals and the positive outcomes of such life goals. It further indicates the need for more empirical attention, implementation in various settings, and future possibilities in guiding the youth to have the right type of life goals and live the best possible life with special reference to Indian context.

Pages: 529-531
Mahender Singh (Department of History, Dayanand College, Hisar, Haryana)

It is quite clear from the archaeological excavations that the agriculture and animal husbandry went together. Even the pre-Harappan levels of Kalibangan in western Rajasthan, had domesticated cattle. India was also regarded as the home of Mung and mash. In the vedic and post-Vedic period mash enriched the Indian diet, cookery and religious ceremonies to great extent. It is thought that rice, which is the most extensively cultivated crop in the world and which serves as the staple food for the largest population these days, had its cultivation originated in India, Burma or Indo-China. India had 4000 varieties of rice. Eastern India, was, and is, the true home of rice. Thus the major achievements of the Neolithic revolution was the discovery of agriculture, horticulture, vegetation and animal husbandry. Furthermore, the Vedic literature indicates that the cultivators in the Vedic period possessed a fair knowledge of the fertility of land, selection and treatment of seeds, seasons of sowing and harvesting, rotation and other cultural practices of crops, manuring for increase of production of crops and the like. Jaittiriva Samhita mentions that rice would be sown in summer and pulses in winter on the same field. During the Buddhist period people retained their interest in agriculture. The usefulness of cattle was also fully realised by the people. The evolution of gardening is intimately associated with Buddhist temples and monasteries. The Mauryan period also, laid great stress on the promotion of agriculture, forest produces, pasture lands, cows, horses and elephants.

Pages: 535-540
Tushar Singh (Faculty of Manageme, Manav Rachna International University, Faridabad, Haryana )
Namita Pande (Dean, Faculty of Behavior and Social Sciences, Manav Rachna International University, Faridabad, Haryana )

Marital conflicts have harmful effects on mental, physical, and family well being, and three decades of research have shown the behaviours that differentiate happy and unhappy couples. Review of this work shows that the singular emphasis on issues and challenges in marital results has given an inadequate image of its role in marriage. In recent years, researchers have tried to give a more detailed image of marital conflict by in dept study of the married couples childhood, families and attributes, probing conflict areas in the situations that provoke issues and challenges to handling those situations with maturity of emotional intelligence and life skills of the couples in their given environment. Every marriage comes with its own wonderful benefits offering life satisfaction, physical and mental health and well being, and also with marital issues and challenges. These challenges can bring in stress and strain in the married couples, as the couples work through them it might result either into a break through resulting a stronger marital bond or their marriage can break down. This complete depends on how the married couple handles the challenges marriage offers. Working on the marital issues and challenges in a harmonious and healthy manner can be very difficult as source of stress and problems in a marriage emerge from varied sources. Basis of marital issues begin when the couples argue rather than communicating. Communication is the key to stronger marital bond giving them harmonious happy marriage. Clear, compassionate and effective communication, balances emotions and wards off arguments. Healthy and harmonious communication comes with emotional intelligence and life skills. Love isn't a state of being, it's a state of doing, by adding random acts of warmth, spark and passion into the marriage.

Pages: 547-550
सीमा (पत्रकारिता विभाग,जयपुर नेशनल यूनिवर्सिटी, जयपुर, राजस्थान )

पत्रकारों की सामाजिक-आर्थिक स्थिति विषय शोध इसलिए आवश्यक है कि वर्तमान समय में किसी भी कार्य से जुड़ने से पहले आर्थिक स्थिति में ढ़लना पहली माँग होती है। क्योंकि मंहगाई की दौड़ में पत्रकार का अपने कार्य से संतुष्टता व कर्तव्यो के प्रति कितना जागरूक है। इत्यादि कुछ ऐसे प्रश्न हे। जो कहीं न कहीं पत्रकार को भी सोचने पर मजबूर करते हैं। ऐसे में पत्रकारिता के लिए ऐसे लोगांे की जरूरत होती है जो पत्रकारिता के पेशे की प्रस्तुति जो मुल्य से भलीभांति परिचीत है। इस श्शोध के लिये प्रश्नावली विधि का प्रयोग किया गया है। शोध में पाया गया कि वर्तमान में पत्रकारों की शै़क्षणिक स्थिति ठीक है। तथा अधिकतर पत्रकार अपने वेतन व सरकार की तरफ से मिलने वाली सुविधाओं से संतुष्ठ नही है।

Pages: 555-557
Naveen (Teacher at Laksay Institute Rohtak, Haryana)

Impoverishment is the state or process of being impoverished. What causes this awful and growing impoverishment of the Indian people? Said John Bright, “If a country be found possessing a most fertile soil, and capable of bearing every variety of production, and, notwithstanding, the people are in a state of extreme destitution and suffering, the chances are there is some fundamental error in the government of that country.” The present paper reviews different factors of impoverishment of India.

Pages: 98-102
Madhavi Menon (Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL )

Experiences with peers constitute an important developmental context for children within which children acquire a wide range of skills, attitudes, and experiences that influence their adaptation across the life span. Educational research has begun to explore the impact of children's sense of belonging in their classrooms and schools. Feelings of relatedness tapped by measures of school climate and quality of school relationships, have been linked to important academic outcome indices including academic achievement, academic self-efficacy, and school grades. This review paper explores the links between peer relations and school adjustment and subsequent academic achievement, with a special focus on the school adjustment and academic achievement of children as moderated by peer acceptance categorizations, i.e., popular, rejected, neglected, or victimized.

Pages: 107-109
Anjali Sharma (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

Although empowering women seems to be the manifesto of every political or elective organization as well as its echo can also be seen as a major challenge of societal development and welfare of women who represent mark able space in every sector of life span. There is variety of schemes and plans which aims to bring reforms and changes towards women development. Despite of the fact, the sizable chunk of difference between women's actual state or self evaluation and their capacity of taking challenges can be noted which sometimes become more prevalent as a result of negative outcomes began to occur. Therefore, present study attempts to investigate the role of psychological empowerment of women in context of different type of organization where they work.

Pages: 113-115
Jyoti Rathi and Kriti Vashishtha (Department of Psychology, Manipal University, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Intelligence is the base of mental capacity, a set of abilities which help a person to learn, and perform accurately. Still there is category of children named 'Learning Disability' who have average or above average level of intelligence, but they cannot perform their tasks as quickly and accurately as others can do. The present study is an in depth study of reviews where researchers compared various personality traits, anxiety expressions and adjustment levels of learning disabled children in comparison to non impaired children. There have been researches from decades which found a significant difference in the self-concept, aggressiveness, anxiety levels (Margalit & Zak, 1984; Rodriguez & Routh, 1989) autonomy (Margalit & Shulman, 1986) and academic achievement of learning disabled children as compare to non-impaired children. Rani (1865) compared the personality traits of children with learning disabilities and normal school going children; and found that the personality profile of children with learning disability was significantly different from the normal children. There are studies that show contradicting results too. The present study deeply analyzed and discussed the work of various researchers who have worked on personality traits, anxiety and adjustment of learning disabled children.

Pages: 120-123
Karandeep Kaur (Department of Education and Community Service, Humanities Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab )

The purpose of this study was to examine machiavellianism and aggression among higher secondary school students. A sample of 174 higher secondary school students was selected randomly from various government and private schools of Ludhiana districts. The data was collected using hindi version of Mach IV scale by Rai and Gupta (1987) and aggression scale by Mathur and Bhatnagar (2004). The statistical techniques' such as descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way Annova and post-hoc test was used. The result highlighted that there was no significant mean difference in gender but significant mean difference was seen in family structure and streams in relation to Machiavellianism. Further also, there was no significant mean difference found in gender, family structure and streams in aggression but positive and significant correlation was found between Machiavellianism and aggression among higher secondary school students.

Pages: 128-134
Veena Bhatt, Damanjit Sandhu, and Kirandeep Kaur (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

This paper highlights the role of family communication in adolescent risk-taking. Family communication is defined as the act of making information, ideas, thoughts and feelings known among members of a family unit. Family communication can range from poor to very effective. How family members communicate their thoughts and feelings, particularly at times when they are attempting to resolve a stressful problem or assist one another in achieving personal goals, is important in adolescents' ability to cope with stressful situations and their likelihood of involvement in health behaviours and risk taking. Parent-child communication is an effective way of reducing unhealthy behaviors in adolescents. Children who do not receive warmth or care from their parents and who have disturbed communication patterns are more likely to have lower self-esteem, academic problems, and emotional troubles. They are also more likely to indulge in various kinds of health risk behaviors for example, drug use, eating disorders and participation in risky sexual behaviors. Thus, family communication is viewed as a strong predictor of adolescents' involvement in health risk behaviours.

Pages: 140-144
Gouri Sharma (Department of Education, Pt. Sundarlal Sharma (Open) University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh)

Present study aimed to review the studies and research on classroom environment. Studies related to classroom environment were searched for different dimensions of classroom environment from 1980 onwards. A total of 30 studies concerning classroom environment were considered for the present research paper. In this study an attempt is made to survey the earlier works done in India and abroad. This study provides a review of the literature on classroom environment and will help to the researchers for further research work regarding classroom environment.

Pages: 148-153
Harprit Kaur and Aastha Verma (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

The present study was conducted to explore the link between emotional intelligence and personality. It also examined the relationship of basic socio-demographic data with personality and emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence is a concept of huge importance in terms of understanding the emotional aspect of people and for enhancing their self-awareness, work life, and social relations. The study was conducted on the sample of 60 adults (37 Females & 23 Males) within the age range of 21 to 56 years. Data was collected using Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (Myers & Myers, 1998) and Emotional Intelligence Test (Chadha & Singh, 2001). The statistical analysis used were the coefficient of correlation and student's t-test. The results indicated that T-F (Thinking-Feeling) dichotomy had a significant correlation with Emotional Sensitivity and Emotional Intelligence; E-I (Extraversion-Introversion) dichotomy had a significant correlation with Emotional Competency. Results also showed a significant relationship of age with S-N (Sensing-Intuition) dichotomy and Emotional Maturity. Gender differences were found to be non-significant in personality and emotional intelligence. Detailed results and their implications have been discussed in the paper.