IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review


The social, legal and religious perspective of Indian Society on Euthanasia Pages: 352-355 Vrinda Rochlani (Delhi Public School, RK Puram, New Delhi) Euthanasia is the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or an irreversible coma (oxford). It is also known as 'mercy killing' 'assisted suicide,' 'physician-assisted suicide' etc. (Britannica, 2019). It is a controversial topic with influential opinions in India, where it is believed that birth and death are spiritually governed. The paper will seek to understand Euthanasia from an Indian perspective. It will also throw light on perception based on social, religious, and legal aspects Read more Get Access
Executive functioning among fine art students with and without cannabis use Pages: 356-359 Vivekanand Kumar (Department of Clinical Psychology, RINPAS, Ranchi, Jharkhand) Vidya Bhardwaj (Department of Psychology, VKS University, Ara, Bihar) Millions of humans have been using Cannabis for smoking since long. It has been very common among people for thousands of years. It is a derivative of the Hemp plant (Cannabis Sativa). It originally flourished in China and was used in India and the Middle East. Based on the 2003 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), an estimated 90.8 million adults (42.9%) aged 18 years or older had used marijuana at least once in their life time. Cannabis users who are engaged in creative endeavors report that usage of the substance facilitates executive functioning, While certain researches report that it causes deficit in executive functioning over prolonged period of use. The present study was designed to assess and compare the executive functioning among fine arts students measured by Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Stroop Test. It was a cross-sectional study carried out at RINPAS, Kanke, Ranchi. A total of sixty students attending Fine Arts courses were chosen as participants for the study through purposive sampling method. Among them thirty were cannabis users and rest thirty were non- users. Sample was taken from Fine Arts courses of educational institutions from West Bengal &Bihar. Results suggested that there is no significant relationship between cannabis and executive functioning deficit in Fine Arts students Read more Get Access
Problem and solution of Pisciculture in Samastipur disrtrict of Bihar Pages: 360-373 Ranjita Kumari (Maulana Mazharul Haque Teacher's Training College Samstipur, Bihar) The paper describes the Problem and Solution of Pisciculter in Samastipur District of Bihar. Fish culture is the Primary occupation of fisherman community. At present the number of fish farmers in Samastipur District are 47058 respectively. Samastipur is the 11th largest inland fisheries producing District of Bihar. Yet per capita fish consumption in the District is less than 6 kg per year. There is an urgent need to focus attention on the development of Pisciculture in the District. There are two requirements for fish farming, availability of water and the retraction of water in tanks which are abundantly available in the study area, these are gift of nature. However, more capital investment and technological innovation is required. There is a need for better resource management community intervention in all place where fish culture is practiced or can be practiced. RAS, BIOFLOC or CATFISH breeding technique are also came into existence. Fish Farmers Development Agency ( FFDA) provides training programme, lone facilities and subsidy to fish farmers fish culture has been adopted by 90% fish farmer of Samastipur Thus, it is clear that full possibilities and potentialities are existed in the Samastipur for the development of Pisciculture. There was a great economic loss to fish farmer due to spread of fatal disease Epizootic Ulcertativ Syndrome (EUS) in fishes. Marketing costs and marketing margins in fish retailing have been computed. Different constraints are categorized of which technological constraint have highest percentage. Ultimately the problem has been presented and their suggestion has been given so that there may emerge an era of progress and prosperity in the region under study. Read more Get Access
शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में योग का महत्व Pages: 374-377 कुमारी आरती (मनोविज्ञान विभाग, टी.एन.बी. महाविद्यालय, भागलपुर, बिहार) शिक्षा का आशय मानव के सर्वांगीण विकास से है। शिक्षा वास्तव में परिवर्तन का मुख्य साधन है जिसके द्वारा मनुष्य के जन्मजात शक्तियों ज्ञान एवं कौशलों का विकास होता है। शिक्षा व्यक्ति ही नहीं राष्ट्र के विकास में भी अहम भूमिका निभाती है जिसे योग जैसे प्राचीन कला के माध्यम से और भी संवारा जा सकता है। योग एक ऐसा उपकरण का काम करता है जो व्यक्ति में सकारात्मक विचारों एवं व्यवहारों के रूप में परिणत होता है। योगाभ्यास का विशेष महत्व जीवन के प्रारंभिक काल से ही स्पष्ट दिखने लगता है। बाल्यकाल या विद्यालय काल से ही योग की शिक्षा या योगाभ्यास बच्चों में अनुशासन एवं आत्म नियंत्रण जैसे सद्गुणों का विकास करती है जो पूर्ण जीवन काल में उनके लिए सफलता का मार्ग प्रशस्त करने में गति प्रदान करती है। आधुनिक युग में बढ़ते हुए प्रतियोगिता तथा भागदौड़ की जिंदगी तनाव का रूप लेता जा रहा है जिससे हमारे बच्चे भी अछूते नहीं है। बाल मनोविज्ञान में इसी अवधारणा को ध्यान में रखते हुए बढ़ते हुए शैक्षणिक क्रियाकलापों के दबाव को कम करने के लिए नई शिक्षा नीति के तहत स्कूली शिक्षा में योग का समावेश किया है। सरकार का यह उत्ष्ट प्रयास बच्चों को कच्ची मिट्टी मानकर उसे सकारात्मक गुणों से सवारने की तैयारी है ताकि राष्ट्र के लिए सभ्य, सुसंस्त एवं योग्य नागरिक तैयार किए जा सके। पतंजलि योग में कहा गया है “चित्तवृत्तिनिरोध” अर्थात योग ही मात्र एक ऐसा साधन है जिसमें चित्त शुद्ध किया जा सकता है। योग लिंग भेद,धर्म भेद से मुक्त होने के कारण सभी के लिए और हर क्षेत्र में लाभदायक है। योगः कर्मशु कौशलम अर्थात योग के माध्यम से कर्म में दक्षता प्राप्त किया जा सकता है। योग विशेषकर हठयोग जिसमें शारीरिक एवं श्वसन क्रियाओं पर विशेष अभ्यास कराया जाता है, का सापेक्ष प्रभाव देखा गया है। सिस्टम ऑफ एक्सेलेरेटेड लर्निंग एंड ट्रेनिंग (ै।स्ज्) ने शिक्षा और योग का समायोजन करते हुए स्कूली बच्चों पर अध्ययन किया और पाया कि योगाभ्यास से प्रारंभ किया गया शिक्षा बच्चों पर विशेष प्रभावकारी रही जिसमें बच्चों में ग्रहणशीलता, रचनात्मकता, इच्छाशक्ति, स्मृति आदि में काफी सुधार हुआ उनका ध्यान केंद्रित तथा स्वभाव में निश्चलता एवं शांति की झलक मिली। वह अपने तथा समाज के प्रति जागरूक दिखे उनमें आत्मविश्वास आत्मसम्मान जैसे गुणों का विकास हुआ। इस तरह शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में योग का मुख्य उद्देश्य मानव के विकास एवं संतुलन से है जो व्यक्तित्व विकास एवं चरित्र निर्माण के साथ-साथ राष्ट्र विकास की अवधारणा की भी संपुष्टि करती है। Read more Get Access
धार्मिक स्थल के भोजन (प्रसादम) के आर्थिक पहलुओं का अध्ययन: इस्कॉन और हरेकृष्णा मूवमेंट-अक्षय पात्रा के परिप्रेक्ष्य म Pages: 378-384 आरसी प्रसाद झा (अनुसंधान सहयोगी, भारतीय मानव विज्ञान सर्वेक्षण, प्रतापनगर, उदयपुर, राजस्थान) वर्तमान अध्ययन के माध्यम से इस्कॉन और हरेकृष्णा मूवमेंट-अक्षय पात्रा में प्रसादम के आर्थिक पहलुओं को जानने का प्रयास है। वर्तमान अध्ययन मूल रूप से उदयपुर व कच्छ-भुज का इस्कॉन सेंटर, उज्जैन, मायापुर, वृंदावन व अहमदाबाद का इस्कॉन मंदिर और तुलनात्मक अध्ययन के लिए उदयपुर मुख्यालय के महादेव मंदिर, बालाजी मंदिर, साईं मंदिर व गुरूद्वारा का चयन किया गया। आंकड़े संग्रहण की विधि सहभागी अवलोकन, असंरचित साखात्कार, केस हिस्ट्री व ऐतिहासिक विधि रहा। अध्ययन के परिणाम इंगित करते हैं कि इस्कॉन व हरेकृष्णा मूवमेंट में नव-अनुयायी धार्मिक क्रिया-कलाप के साथ-साथ निःशुल्क प्रसादम के लिए जाते हैं। इन स्थलों पर कुछ अनुयायी की संख्या बढते ही बर्थ डे, मैरेज यूनिवर्सरी व मृतक के पुण्य वर्सी के अवसर पर प्रसादम हेतु स्पोंसर खोजा जाता है। अनुयायी व स्पोंसर की संख्या और अधिक बढ़ते ही इनका लक्ष्य प्रसादम व अन्य प्रयोजन हेतु अधिक-से-अधिक धन देनेवाले स्पोंसर को खोजा जाता है ताकि इनका विशालकाय मंदिर, रेस्टोरेंट, होटल व धर्म के नाम परव्यवसायिक संस्थान खुल सके। यही कारण है कि इस्कॉन के भक्तों में धनवान अधिक लेकिन सीमित हैं वहीं मध्यम सामाजिक-आर्थिक स्तर के लोग भीड़ बढाने व किसी धनवान के द्वारा स्पोंसर नहीं होने की स्थिति में ये स्पोंसर करते हैं। अर्थाभाव के कारण गरीब व भिखारी को इस्कॉन का अनुयायी नहीं बनाया जाता है। नव-अनुयायियों को प्रसादम के लिए केवल प्रभुपाद को प्रमाणिक गुरू व श्रीकृष्ण की ही पूजा करने व अन्य स्वपरंपरागत देवी-देवता को छोड़ने की शर्त व वचन लेने की बाध्यता इनके संख्या को सीमित करती है। इस्कॉन व हरेकृष्णा मंदिर के गोविंदा रेस्टोरेंट, मंदिर, सेंटर परिसर में अवस्थित स्टॉल, व्यास पूजा, आदि में प्रसादम बेचे जाते है। निःशुल्क से सशुल्क व प्रसादम स्पोंसर की यह प्रक्रिया अचानक नहीं होकर इस्कॉन के सिद्धांतानुसार पूर्व सुनियाजित योजना के अंतर्गत होती है। Read more Get Access
संताल एवं उनकी रचनात्मकताः एक विश्लेषण Pages: 385-387 कुमारी रश्मि एवं लक्ष्मी पाण्डेय ( मनोविज्ञान विभाग, तिलकामांझी भागलपुर विश्वविद्यालय, भागलपुर, बिहार) समाजवैज्ञानिक स्तर पर आदिवासीयों को सूक्ष्म स्तरीय दृष्टि से समझने के लिए कई अध्ययन हुए हैं, पर वे अध्ययन आदिवासियों की समस्त विशेषताओं पर पर्याप्त प्रकाश नहीं डाल पाते हैं। इस अध्ययन का मुख्य उद्देश्य संताली आदिवासियों में रचनात्मकता का निर्धारण करना है तथा इन विभिन्न आयामों के संदर्भ में गैर-आदिवासियों के साथ उनके तुलनात्मक विश्लेषण से प्राप्त परिणामों का लेखा-जोखा प्रस्तुत करना है। अध्ययन-उद्देश्य को ध्यान में रखते हुए सरल यादृच्छिकी प्रतिदर्थ पद्धति द्वारा 200 संताली (प्रयोगात्मक समूह) तथा 100 गैर-संताली (नियंत्रित समूह) छात्रों का अध्ययन किया गया। अध्ययन में संलग्न रचनात्मकता तथा उसके विभिन्न आयामों के मापन के लिए पासी (1979) द्वारा हिन्दी में विकसित रचनात्मकता परीक्षण का उपयोग किया गया। प्राप्त परिणाम से यह स्पष्ट होता है कि रचनात्मकता एवं उसके विभिन्न आयामों पर संताली छात्र, गैर-संताली छात्रों से निम्न अंक प्राप्त किये तथा इन दोनों समूहों के बीच का अन्तर रचनात्मकता तथा उसके विभिन्न आयामों पर सार्थक भी है। अतः प्राप्त परिमाण के आधार पर निष्कर्ष निकाला गया कि संताली छात्र, गैर-संताली छात्रों की अपेक्षा कम रचनात्मक थे। Read more Get Access
समाज में बढ़ते हुए अपराध का मनोवैज्ञानिक विश्लेषण Pages: 388-393 कुमारी आरती (मनोविज्ञान विभाग, टी.एन.बी. महाविद्यालय, भागलपुर, बिहार) अपराध एक प्रकार की सामाजिक विषमता है और यह व्यक्तिगत मानसिकता का परिणाम है । बचपन में प्रेम और प्रोत्साहन के अभाव में उत्पन्न हीनता के भाव मानसिक ग्रंथियों के रूप में उभरकर अपराध का रूप धारण कर लेती है। साथ ही आज के भौतिकवादी एवं आर्थिक युग में व्यक्ति का बहुत कम समय में भौतिक सुख सुविधाओं को प्राप्त कर लेने की इच्छा है, जो उसे विचलित कर सामाजिक मानदंडों के विरुद्ध व्यवहार करने को प्रेरित करती है और यही अपराधिक व्यवहार में परिणित हो जाती है। इसके पीछे बहुत सारे पारिवारिक, सामाजिक और मनोवैज्ञानिक कारण के साथ-साथ आधुनिकीकरण औद्योगिकरण विज्ञान और सभ्यता का विकास तथा प्रतियोगितावादी प्रवृत्ति भी है। नेशनल क्राइमरिकॉर्डब्यूरो के अनुसार अन्य देशों की अपेक्षा भारत में अपराध कम होता है और साथ ही पुरुषों की अपेक्षा महिलाओं में अपराधिक प्रवृत्ति कम पाई जाती है, किंतु आधुनिक समय में प्रति मिनट की दर से पहले की अपेक्षा बढ़ती जा रही है। कारण भारत में नैतिकता तथा जीवन में मूल्यों को विशेष स्थान प्राप्त होने से अपराध के प्रति कम संवेदनशीलता का होना है। अपराध शास्त्रियों ने इसके संबंध में विभिन्न सिद्धांतों की जैसे क्लासिकल, शारीरिक रचना संबंधी, जैविक, भौगोलिक, आर्थिक सिद्धांतों की चर्चा की है । अपराधियों के स्वरूप के आधार पर इस के वर्गीकरण का भी प्रयास किया है। विभिन्न अध्ययनोंमें अपराध के साथ-साथ अपराधियों के प्रवृत्तियों में भी भिन्नता पाई जाती है। अपराध की बढ़ती हुई दर आज पुलिस और समाज के लिए ही नहीं बल्कि देश की अखंडता के समक्ष भी प्रश्न चिन्ह की तरह उभर रहा है। इसके लिए इसके रोकथाम को देखते हुए विभिन्न प्रयासों को किए जाने की आवश्यकता है, जिसके लिए दण्डों की कठोरता को बढ़ाने के साथ-साथ इसके मानसिक स्थिति में बदलाव और पुनर्वास की व्यवस्था सुनिश्चित करना आवश्यक है। अध्ययनोंऔर विभिन्न प्रयासों को देखते हुए पाया गया कि अगर व्यक्ति के लिए संस्कार सम्यक शिक्षाजिसमें आधुनिक शिक्षा के साथ-साथ नैतिक शिक्षा पर बल दिया जाए तथा कानून को आवश्यकतानुसार कठोर एवं अनुपालन की प्रक्रियाको सरल एवं समयवध किया जाए तो अपराधिक प्रवृत्ति में कमी भी लाई जा सकती है और सामाजिक एवं राष्ट्रीय नैतिकता के स्तर को भी और ऊंचा बनाया जा सकता है जिसके लिए प्रयास जारी है एवं सहयोग की आवश्यकता है। ध्यान देने योग्य बात यह है कि इस प्रयास को हमें अपने ही परिवार से समाज और राष्ट्र स्तर तक ले जाने की आवश्यकता है। Read more Get Access
An overview of urban poverty, migration and distribution of slum households in India Pages: 2131-2135 S. M. Jainuddin (Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka) India's population is 1.28 billion with an average growth rate, from 2010-2015, at 1.3 percent per annum. The 21.9 percent of the Indian population live below the national poverty line (GOI, 2013). According to a 2001 census, India's cities have a slum population of 42.6 million (23.7 percent of the urban population). The secondary data related to poverty, migration, slum population were collected from report of the Expert Group to review the Methodology for measurement of Poverty, Government of India, Planning Commission-June, 2014 and A statistical compendium on urbanization and poverty in India, 2010 published from ministry of housing and poverty alleviation, national building organization. The percentage share of population BPL in rural area is 56.44 percent and in urban area is 49.01 percent during 1973-74 which was decreased to 25.70 percent and 13.70 percent, respectively. The percentage of slums in western region drastically increased from 24.50 percent to 33.45 percent and where as marginally increased in central region. The highest migration of male was noticed from rural to urban (39.00%) followed by urban to urban (24.80%). The study indicates that 53.20 percent of slum peoples have availed the banking services and more than 45 percent of slum peoples have not availed the banking services in India. Read more Get Access
Impact of transactional analysis on emotional intelligence and the influence of certain demographic variables Pages: 2136-2141 M. Kanchana (Department of Psychology, Womens Christian College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu) C. Suriyaprakash (Jansons School of Business, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) Vaishali Bajaj (Department of Psychology, Womens Christian College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu) Haseena Abdulla (PTSTA Director, Efficacy Development Lifelab, International Mangalore, Karnataka) The present study examined the effectiveness of TA101 course (an internationally recognized course in Transactional Analysis) on emotional intelligence among 101 participants who attended the two day course held across seven centres. The TA101 course is an introduction to Transactional Analysis (TA) and provides accurate information about TA concepts that can be applied for personal growth and development. A quasi-experimental before-and-after without control research design was used. The Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT) was used to measure the changes in emotional intelligence across four dimensions. The study also examined the effectiveness of the programme on the basis of age, gender and type of occupation. The data collected across pre- and post-intervention were analyzed using t-tests. The findings showed a significant increase in the post-intervention scores on all four dimensions of emotional intelligence among the participants. Specific to the demographic characteristics, participants who belonged to education and service occupations had higher post-intervention scores on the dimensions of perception of emotion, managing own emotions and utilization of emotions compared to practitioners. Descriptive analysis was conducted to examine the change in mean scores of 29 participants at pre-intervention, post-intervention and one month follow-up intervals. Increases in the mean scores on all four dimensions were observed at the one month interval compared to pre-intervention scores. Read more Get Access
Promotive/protective factors of resilience in empirical literature (2001-2017): Emotional intelligence, critical thinking and family functioning Pages: 2142-2159 S.K. Sahanowas (Department of Education, Narayangarh Govt. College, Rathipur, West Bengal) Santoshi Halder (Department of Education, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal) Resilience is a stress-coping ability, helps individual to face positively and deal with adversity and give strength to get back to normal situation after going through difficulties. It is multidimensional innate as well as developed construct changes over time context to context. A key requirement of resilience is the presence of both risks and promotive factors that either help bring about a positive outcome or reduce/avoid a negative outcome. The promotive factors that can help to avoid the negative effects of risks may be either assets or resources (Fergus & Zimmerman, 2005). Researchers here have tried to explore the effective factors through literature review, especially the effect of emotional intelligence, critical thinking and family functioning on resilience. Eighty research papers were finalised in the year between 2001 and 2019 from 19 countries through inclusive and exclusive criterion. It was revealed that various cognitive, affective and social factors effect on psychological and academic resilience. Furthermore, it was found that in the selected literature emotional intelligence was the stronger predictor than general or spiritual intelligence. The study would help to find the research gaps for further study. Read more Get Access
Study to explore the role of narratives and bibliotherapy for social and emotional skill enhancement in children with ADHD Pages: 2160-2167 Rekha Sapra (Department of Human Development & Family Empowerment, Bharati College, University of Delhi, Delhi) The study was undertaken in three co-educational schools in Delhi with a purpose to suggest ways and means to promote social and emotional competence of children in the age group 6-10 years. The children with behavioural and learning challenges were selected for the study. A sample of 84 children was identified using Purposive Sampling Method. The children who were displaying disruptive and aggressive behaviour in the classroom and were being referred to the school counsellor were chosen to be part of the study. Standardized tests were used to assess children's intellectual and cognitive abilities, home environments to understand the parent child interactions patterns. ADHD symptom checklist-4, and Child Behaviour Check list were administered at the onset of the study. Interventions were developed to enhance skills in the following domains: self-management, social - interpersonal skills and emotional regulation. Activities were developed in the form of narratives and stories, role play, dominos, puzzles, group activities and puppet shows. The data were subject to statistical analysis using was done using SPSS 17.0. Post interventions significant positive improvement were found in children with reference to different dimensions of ADHD behaviours. P value less than 0.05 was taken to indicate a significant difference. Read more Get Access
Perception on mental illness: Gauging perceptions of 15-65 year olds in Pan-India Pages: 2168-2175 S. Kaushik and Shagun Narang (Member, Research and Development Team, Youre Wonderful Project, New Delhi) Shivangi Khattar and Arushi Chatterjee (Head, Research and Development Team, Youre Wonderful Project, New Delhi) Ambikesh Sharma, Akhilesh Nair, and Akash Saxena (Founder, Youre Wonderful Project, New Delhi) The present study was aimed at assessing the perception of common people on mental illnesses. For the purpose of the study a mixed method design was used. A questionnaire was developed consisting of objective as well as subjective questions. It was built on three factors related to the attitude towards mental illness, namely, authoritarianism, benevolence, and social restrictiveness, which were based on two standardized scales namely CAMI (Cohen, 2010) and OMI (Cohen & Struening, 1962). The data was collected from 422 participants from all over India. Cronbach's alphas were calculated to assess the internal consistency of the dimensions. Further, independent samples t-test was conducted to assess the significance of gender differences across the dimensions and content analysis was conducted to analyse the subjective questions. The results indicated that males had significantly higher authoritarian attitudes towards the mentally ill than females. However, for the other two dimensions no gender differences were discovered. The content analysis of qualitative data revealed that the picture is not entirely bleak as there exists some familiarity with and awareness about mental health and the contingent issues, but there is still immense scope in increasing the sensitisation towards mental health awareness. Hence, this domain demands more research. Read more Get Access
Videogame addiction, pornography craving, sexual attitudes on parental perceptions among adults Pages: 2176-2180 Labdhi Doshi, Janvi Parekh, and Nidah Merchant (Department of Psychology, Maniben Nanavati Womens College, Mumbai, Maharashtra) The world of video gaming, pornography, and attitudes of people towards sex have expanded and subdivided into many categories. The present study investigates the association between parental perceptions, videogame addiction, pornography craving, and sexual attitudes among adults. There is a relationship between mother and father warmth, involvement, and autonomy support and videogame addiction, pornography craving, and sexual attitudes. A convenience sample of 123 adults (M=58, F=65), aged from 18 to 30 years living with both their parental figures, responded to an online questionnaire. The scales for assessment were Game Addiction Inventory for Adults (Wong & Hodgins, 2013); Pornography Craving Questionnaire (Kraus & Rosenberg, 2014); Brief Sexual Attitudes Scale (Hendrick, Hendrick, & Reich, 2006); and Perceptions of Parents Scales-College Student Scale (Robbins, 1997). To verify the hypothesis of the study, the statistical analysis of Descriptive Statistics and Correlational Analysis were carried out. A significant negative relationship was found between pornography craving, video game addiction, and permissiveness sexual attitudes with different parental perceptions among adults. Read more Get Access
Problems and suggestions given by different stockholders regarding agricultural technology and information centre (ATIC) run by Punjab Agricultural University Pages: 2181-2184 Davinder Singh and Rajinder K. Kalra (Department of Extension Education, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab) ATIC is a “single window” support system linking the various units of research institutions with end users (farmers) in decision making and problem solving exercises. An attempt was made to study the problems faced by the different stockholders regarding agricultural technology and information centre (ATIC) run by Punjab Agricultural University. A sample of 200 farmers was selected from the two purposively selected districts (Ludhiana & Fazilka) of Punjab from where the maximum number of farmers had visited ATIC during the period of June 2011 to December 2013. The findings revealed that less quantity of seeds, non-availability of seed/planting material and expensive to visit emerged as major problems faced by the farmers followed by other problems such as expensive farm practices, less quantity of planting material, took long hours in availing services, and busy telephone lines. The experts reported that recommended production and protection measures advised to the farmers were not properly followed by them. Out of four service providers, three reported that there was an inappropriate work environment for them. More than half of the farmers suggested that Soil testing and Water testing service should be provided at ATIC. These findings will provide useful guidance to the ATIC for designing effective extension strategy for delivering the services to the farmers in a better and efficient way. Read more Get Access
The psychology of being religiously integrated in India: An overview of the past and present Pages: 2185-2191 Vandana Gupta (Department of Psychology, Vision Institute of Advanced Studies, IGNOU, New Delhi) When India was a British colony, there existed a total different ideology about being an Indian. So, it's important to re-examine the dynamics of feelings of individuals who were once segregated on the grounds of different caste, class, religions, etc. during earlier times, to the individuals of now. How integrated or secluded do they feel even after our constitution gives each one several rights. Qualitative research was carried out alongside an unstructured interview among majority and minority groups through purposive sampling of their religion. Then content analysis was done among the reviews of now and those of the earlier times. Sample size included 60 people who belong to different religious communities. Findings suggest, minorities and Hindus felt somewhat more integrated in Indian culture. Although, some had different views. It was the British's and other Bhartiya dynasties contributions which united India together. Now, India is divided through caste, religion, atrocities on regional antagonism, cultural in-flight with the issue of reservation in public services. Still, the approach of unity in diversity is keeping Indians united to an extent. Thus, it can be implied that people have different perception about the way experiences occur in their lives. Based on it, they make certain ideologies. Read more Get Access
Experience of shame as a predictor of self-esteem among sexually abused adolescent girls Pages: 2192-2195 Minimol Joseph (The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines) Sexual abuse pains, frightens, and potentially traumatises children. Feelings of shame mediate a child's recovery from abuse and are associated with low self-esteem. Low self-esteem leads children to withdraw from social interactions. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the experience of shame and self-esteem of the sexually abused adolescent girls in Manila, Philippines. The study design was analytic correlation with cross-sectional approach. The experience of shame of the respondents was assessed by Experience of Shame Scale (ESS) and self-esteem was assessed by Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (SES). The results of the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between the experience of shame and self-esteem of the sexually abused adolescent girls with p value (0.001) (r = -0.799). The present study examined the possible predictive effect of the experience of shame on the self-esteem. Higher the experience of shame leads to lower the self-esteem among the sexually abused adolescent girls. Read more Get Access
Self-efficacy: A source of ego-resiliency among students with visual impairment Pages: 2196-2199 Sabah S. Siddiquee and Mahmood S. Khan (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh) The main purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between self-efficacy and ego-resiliency among students with visual impairment and normal students. The data was collected from 220 participants of Aligarh city. SPSS (version 22) software program was used to analyse the data by computing descriptive statistics, Pearson product moment correlation, linear regression, t-test and effect size. The findings provided evidence that self-efficacy was positively correlated to ego-resiliency; and self -efficacy is the significant positive predictor of ego-resiliency. These findings indicate the importance of self-efficacy beliefs in promoting ego-resiliency, thus, enabling individuals to withstand changing circumstances resourcefully. Thus, the findings of the present study suggest the development and implementation of intervention programs to enhance efficacious and resilient behaviour among individuals across societies. Read more Get Access
Social and emotional competence in young children (6-10 years): A module Pages: 2200-2203 Rekha Sapra (Department of Human Development and Family Empowerment Bharati College, University of Delhi, Delhi) Social and emotional skills are the building blocks for the child's mental health and well-being. Social skills or competencies refer to the abilities to get along with peers and other adults in the environment. Problem solving, conflict resolution, self-esteem, academic achievement and success in career and life has been closely associated with the skills developed early in life. There is ample research to support that a child needs to acquire social competence by six years otherwise there is increased risk for various challenges during adolescence and adult life. The single best factor which has been found to be associated with adaptation and success in adult life is the child's ability of getting along with others. Children who display aggressive and disruptive classroom behavior, are not able to form close peer relations or are rejected by their classmates have a high risk of poor mental health, low achievement and academic grades with high risk for delinquent behavior during adolescence. This module is a proactive attempt to develop social skills and emotional regulation skills in order enhance better mental well-being, critical thinking abilities, and empathy and conflict resolution skills. In addition this module will be able to strengthen peer relations and tries to focus on reducing the incidence of bullying behavior in children. The work is based on the research carried out as part of a major research work, funded by UGC. Read more Get Access
Homosexuality: A psychological perspective Pages: 2204-2209 Shreya Singh (Kasturaba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka) Veena Singh and Vinod Kumar (Haryana State AIDS Control Society, Health Department, Haryana) Since long back, homosexuality was the major subject of research for various Psychologists and Physicians and after the various research carried out in the field of behavioral, medical, and social sciences, it is matter of subject for various psychologists and physicians either homosexuality is a medical disability or it is cause of social development. Moreover, the scientist has envisaged that the classification of homosexuality is neither a cause of medical illness nor deficiencies of psychological development. Most of scientist has emphases on the matter and tried to describe the issue on based of various researches and studies. Read more Get Access
Impact of GST on Indian economy Page: 2210-2212 Karan Singh Govt. College Bhiwani, Haryana Traditionally India's tax regime relied heavily on indirect taxes. Revenue from indirect taxes was the major source of tax revenue till tax reforms were undertaken during nineties. The major argument put forth for heavy reliance on indirect taxes was that the India's majority of population was poor and thus widening base of direct taxes had inherent limitations. But the Indian system of indirect taxation is characterized by cascading, distorting tax on production of goods and services which leads to hampering productivity and slower economic growth. There are endless taxes in present system few levied by Centre and rest levied by state, to remove this multiplicity of taxes and reducing the burden of the tax payer a simple tax is required and that is Goods and Service Tax (GST). This paper throws an insight into the Goods and Service Tax concept and its impact on Indian economy. Read more Get Access
Stable marriages: Are these man made? Page: 2213-2218 Ravneet Chawla (Human Development, Government College of Education, Panjab University, Chandigarh) Marriage is a relationship of sanctity. Challenging situations are faced by not only the two individuals in a marriage, but their families too, as Indian marriage set up has had rituals and strings more closely knit than a legal sanction of the two. It is observed that things have changed in the last couple of decades faster than ever before. Traditionally, the timeline of life has a beautiful journey through planning a life around marriage. The positive side of the story has preserved our culture, unquestionably. The present qualitative research is an outcome of interviews from 10 couples who have had marriage of 30 years or more, and at present are a happy living couple. The objective was to understand the success stories and the reasons that helped their togetherness go on for this length, as compared to much short-lived marriages these days. Aspects of life were covered in the interviews touching upon financial, emotional, intimacy, family and extended family, household work and responsibilities, children, leisure and all other aspects they wished to share. The negative experiences and the way those were dealt with were also understood. The study shares interesting findings that point at strong behavioural aspects that can keep behind small issues. Traditional wisdom, positive assertiveness, courteous male behaviour, extended families, equalitarian trends were some of the strengths that kept the marriage of most stable. Some had a pleasant parallel positive engagement in their occupations and there was a deliberate space given but the family life was peaceful. Can we keep out violence from marriage? The study confirms it, and can be included in much required pre-marital counselling. The polite recommendations can go a long way to not go into legal battles and animosity towards the other one in an unsuccessful marriage. Read more Get Access
Psychology of intrinsic stereotyped behavioral patterns resulting in gender related issues: Special reference to the character of Uma in Fasting Feasting Page: 2219-2221 Nitika Rani (Department of English, Government College, Hisar, Haryana) Gender bias is an offshoot of behavioral patterns that create role obligations for a particular gender. This has resulted in typical stereotypes of which we are sometimes not even conscious. The so-called gracious womanhood is a tricky instrument used by the social system to marginalize and suppress women. The self-image of a woman is sealed and fixed by the socio-cultural imperatives that restrict her progress. A proper concept of the self is required to empower women to fight against discrimination and oppression. The fight against gender discrimination cannot be confined to time limits rather, it is a process that grows with time. The need is to move within the system continually with an open mind. A gradual change in the mindset of the individual and the society at large can bring improvement in gender dichotomy. Read more Get Access
Relationship of organizational climate and performance appraisal system facets with job satisfaction in coal mining industry Pages: 1763-1767 Rahul Prasad and Manisha Agrawal (Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh) The current study examined the relationship of organizational climate and performance appraisal system (PAS) facets on the job satisfaction of employees in coal mining sector. A total sample of 200 employees working with one of the Maharatna Company which is C.I.L. (Coal India Limited) participated in the study. The data were collected from coal India limited and its units, using convenient sampling and random sampling techniques with the help of adapted questionnaires. Analysis of the data with the help of S.P.S.S. Pearson's correlation and stepwise regression showed that there is a positive relationship between organizational climate dimensions, performance appraisal system facets and job satisfaction. Read more Get Access
Personality and sources of meaning Pages: 1768-1774 Hasrat (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh) The aim of the present study was to understand the relationship between personality traits and sources of meaning. For this purpose, a sample of 40 individuals were taken between the age range of 30-50 years. The sample was also equally divided on the basis of gender, i.e., total 20 females and 20 males. The scales used for the study were: Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10) by Rammstedt and John (2007) and Personal Meaningful Profile-Brief (PMP-B) by McDonald, Wong, and Gingras (2012). The t test conducted to highlight gender differences in personality traits and sources of meaning indicated statistically significant differences in Extraversion [t (38) = 2.261, p=<0.05] and Neuroticism [t (38) = 3.085, p=<0.01], Achievement [t (38) = 8.204, p=0.001], Relationship [t (38) = 2.165, p=<0.05], Self-Transcendence [t (38) = 2.676, p=<0.05], Self-Acceptance [t (38) = 2.381, p=<0.05] and Total PMP [t (38) = 2.585, p=<0.05]. Correlational analysis indicated significant positive correlation between Agreeableness and Self-Transcendence (0.463), Agreeableness and Self-Acceptance (0.428), Agreeableness and Fair treatment (0.459) and Conscientiousness and Religion (0.450) at p=0.01. A statistically significant positive correlation between Extraversion and Achievement (0.354), Extraversion and Relationship (0.379), Extraversion and Self-Transcendence (0.328), Agreeableness and Relationship (0.328) and Agreeableness and Religion (0.392) at p=0.05 was indicated. A statistically significant negative correlations at p=0.01 were indicated between Neuroticism and Achievement (-0.616), Self-Transcendence (-0.463) and Self-Acceptance (-0.433). Regression analysis was also conducted. Read more Get Access
Moderating effect of social support on the link between acculturation experiences and acculturative stress Pages: 1775-1781 Khan Abrar uz Zaman Khan (Department of Psychiatry Raja Deosharn District Hospital Jashpur, Chhattisgarh) B. Hasan (Psychometrics Laboratory School of Studies in Psychology Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh) Several studies have demonstrated direct effect of social support on acculturative stress, but moderating effect of social support on the link between acculturation experiences and acculturative stress has not yet been ascertained. The objective of the present empirical piece of research work is to examine the moderating effect of social support on the link between acculturation experiences and acculturative stress among north Indian engineering students. 200 North Indian engineering students (Age- 18 to 24 Years) were included from Warangal districts. Correlational research design was employed. Acculturative stress was measured by 16 item acculturative stress scale (Khan & Hasan, 2017). Further, Social support was measured by 14 item social support scale (Khan & Hasan, 2017). In addition, acculturation experience was measured by duration of stay in the host culture. Moderation effect was worked out through hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Social support was significant moderator on the link between acculturation experiences and acculturative stress. It is concluded that there is sufficient empirical and statistical evidence of the moderating effect of social support on the link between acculturation experiences and acculturative stress among north Indian engineering students. The theoretical and practical issues have been discussed. Read more Get Access

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