IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences Review

Pages: 12-16
Neeru Bala (Department of Sociology, Govt. Sr. Sec. School Chakkan, Sirsa, Haryana)
Darpan Saluja (Junior Programmer, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana)

The study attempts to examine the nature and extent of farm mechanization in relation to changes occurred in socio-cultural and economic life of the rural people as caste relationship, The study in no way suggests that all social changes are caused by farm mechanisation, nor it does claim that a certain proportion of such changes are due only to farm mechanization. What is attempted here is the way farm mechanization has affected social change. The study was conducted in rural agricultural Haryana following the criteria of advancement and backwardness of the agricultural area. For the purpose two districts were selected, one in which certain forces of changes and development were present and other where they were absent. A block was randomly selected from each district i.e. Asandh block from Karnal district and Bawani Khera block from Bhiwani district. From the selected cluster of -villages a list of all the farmers of the village was prepared and from that list 150 respondents were selected randomly keeping in proportion farmers to the total population of the villages identified in the cluster. So on the whole a total of 300 respondents were selected from the identified clusters. The study therefore, assumes that the technology and society are interdependent in the sense that former causes change in the latter which in turn affects the former.The study resulted that the attitude towards untouchability showed that more of tractor owners than bullock owners were against it and found more liberal in caste relations. Further there was greater reduction in dependence on differen t servicing castes in case of tractor-owners than bullock owners. Likewise inter caste relations have also undergone change more in case of tractor-owners than bullock owners. There were more tractor owners than bullock owners who were willing to enter into different kinds of social relationship with other castes of different standing, even to the extent of interdinning. However, resistance towards intermarriage is still strong among people irrespective of their caste background.

Pages: 22-29
Sribas Goswami (Department of Sociology, Serampore College, West Bengal, India)

A slum is a compact area of overcrowded population, poorly built congested dwelling condition, unhygienic environment usually with inadequate infrastructure and lacking in proper sanitary and drinking water facilities. Living conditions in slums have a direct impact on people's health. One of the major challenges that face urban planners globally is the proliferation of slums in urban areas and the host of health hazards that they bring along with their wake. However, the prolific spread of slums has been a rampant problem in urban areas worldwide. Eventually, the extent and spread of slums in India not only help us to recognize that they are not anomalous and pathological phenomena on the urban landscape but also a manifestation of urban poverty that is still predominant in the urban economy. This study is an attempt to unfold the underlying problems of development of slums.

Pages: 33-37
Thokchom Lakshmibai (Asst. Prof., Lilong Haoreibi College, Manipur)
Thokchom Bidyalakshmi (Lect. AIMS Hr. Sec. School, Imphal)
Thokchom Motilal (Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACP) in Central Reserve Police Force )

Labour is the very highest professional skill of all kinds. It can be considered as a technical term which is usually defined from economical consideration relating with any work manual or mental. Labour makes it possible to have our lives matter, to use our energy in ways that change our environment. Many people who truly enjoy their work would rather work than play. Women were regarded as the agents of change and the index of any society. Therefore, to accelerate economic development of the society, women must engage themselves in economic or gainful activities as distinct from household or non-market activity. For a full integration in economic development, they must enter the labour force. Women covered two-third of all the labour in the world. Though women covers majority of the work participation rate, they were paid less than men all over the world. However, whatever work they did in the formal sector was also considered as supplementary work. Therefore, if women's unpaid work were properly valued, it would be quite possible that women would emerge in most societies as the major breadwinners. So, ILO and State govt. has up various assistance and developmental programmes for the welfare of women labourers for engaging in certain gainful economic activities.

Pages: 43-45
Jyoti (Department of Psychology, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, UP)
Beer Singh (Prof., Ch. Charan Singh University, University Campus, Meerut, UP)

The present research paper has been focused on the study of depression among male and female arthritis patients. The data collected from an accidental sample of 100 persons in which 50 Arthritis patients (i.e. 25 females and 25 male) and 50 from normal population (i.e., 25 females and 25 male) residing at Bhiwani and Rohtak, were analysed using 2 x 2 analysis of variance. The obtained results indicated that arthritis and gender had significant effect on depression. The arthritis patients were found to be more depressive as compared to normal persons. The females were found to be more depressed as compared to males. The interaction effects of both of the independent variables were found to be non-significant.

Pages: 50-51
Pawan Kumar (Department of Geography, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi)
Dinesh Kumar (Independent Scholar, Geography, Ch. Dadri, Haryana)

FDI could be valuable and important alternate for the development of infrastructure and other basic structure of the Indian economy. Its have the potential for helps any country to create job opportunity, and supporting facilities. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an important component for achieving the economic boost and maintains the pace of growth and development of the developing economy like India. But the sectoral and regional bias in the composition and pattern of the foreign direct investment could be the important obstacle in the path of equal and health development of India.

Pages: 54-55
Poonam Rani (Department in Commerce, CRM Jat P. G. College, Hisar, Haryana)

A good capital marked in required for industrial and commercial development of a country. Supply of credit is for long term while money market meet the short term needs. Capital Market is central coordinating and directing mechanism for free and balanced flow of financial resources into the economic system of a country. Good Capital Market development is based on availability and organization of funds. Before independence, capital market of India was ill-developed. But, after introduction of various reforms in capital market have helped the capital market to grow.

Pages: 60-67
Sachin Kumar (Research Scholar, Singhania University, Rajasthan, India)

Existing studies reveals that the huge surge in international capital flows since early 1990s has created unprecedented opportunities for the developing countries like India to achieve accelerated economic growth. International financial institutions routinely advise developing countries to adopt policy regimes that encourage capital inflows. Since the introduction of the reform process in the early 1990s, India has witnessed a significant increase in capital inflows. The size of net capital inflows to India increased from US $ 7.1 billion in 1990-91 to US $ 108.0 billion in 2007-08. Today, India has one of the highest net capital inflows among the EMEs of Asia. Capital inflows, however, not an unmitigated blessing. The main danger posed by large and volatile capital inflows is that they may destabilize macroeconomic management. As evident, the intensified pressures due to large and volatile capital flows in India in the recent period in an atmosphere of global uncertainties has posed new challenges for monetary and exchange rate management. The present paper elaborates on various aspects of the capital inflows to India and their policy implications.

Pages: 71-73
Dipshikha (Research Scholar, Sai Nath University, Ranchi)
Dalbir Singh Saini (District Social Welfare Officer, Hisar, Haryana)

The present study examined the relation in suicidal ideation, attitude towards alcohol and drug abuse; and peer relations among adolescents. The sample was comprised of 400 students (200 boys and 200 girls ) in the age range of 18-23 years studying at UG and PG level in District Hisar and Jind. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Method was used to analyze the results. The findings indicated that there was significant relation in suicidal ideation and attitude towards alcohol and drug use, and peer relation among boys, however, such relations were missing among girls. The results are discussed with empirical findings.

pages: 86-91
Garima Yadav (Dronacharya Govt. College, Gurgaon, Haryana)

Positive emotions were never thought as an important factor in adolescent development. Psychologists, academicians and sociologists for long have been talking about healthy growth and upbringing but the ways to enhance and maintain the same were not thought upon, until now. With changing times variables like satisfaction with life, poitive and negative affect and well being are now being studied in light of adolescents upbringing and development. But who fairs better at these positive variables? Who responds better to healthy development and which sex is more satisfied with life? This paper attempts to peep into the matter.

Pages: 95-98
दिनेश कुमार (एसिस्टेंट प्रोफेसर, रक्षा अध्ययन विभाग, सी.आर.एम. जाट काॅलेज, हिसार, हरियाणा)

किसी भी देश की राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा सिर्फ रक्षा तन्त्रों को मजबूत कर लेने मात्र से नहीं हो सकती। रक्षा तन्त्र के अलावा विश्व बिरादरी में मित्र देशों की संख्या भी राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा का प्रमुख तत्व है। जितनी अधिक हमारे मित्र देशों की संख्या होगी, उतना ही कोई देश आक्रमण के पहले सौ बार विचार करेगा। इस तथ्य का सबसे बड़ा उदाहरण इजराइल है। इसके पास रक्षा तन्त्र का अत्याधुनिक भण्डार है फिर भी वह तब तक सुरक्षित नहीं है जब तक उसके ऊपर अमेरिका का हाथ नहीं है। मिश्र व अन्य देश अमेरिका की वजह से ही अत्यन्त छोटे भू-भाग वाले इजराइल पर कभी सम्पूर्ण युद्ध नहीं छेड़ते। मेरे कहने का तात्पर्य यह है कि आज भारत के पास मित्र देशों की संख्या न के बराबर है। अफगानिस्तान दक्षिण एशिया का एक महत्वपूर्ण भाग है। यह एक पहाड़ी मुस्लिम राज्य है जो पूर्णतया स्थलबद्ध हैं। इसके उत्तर में सोवियत संघ, पश्चिम में ईरान, दक्षिण में पाकिस्तान दक्षिण पूर्व में पाकिस्तान तथा भारत के कराकोरम पर्वत मालाओं और जम्मू कश्मीर राज्य से घिरा हुआ है। अफगानिस्तान बहुत दिनों तक भारत का अंग था। प्राचीन काल में उसके पूर्वी भाग को गान्धार कहते थे। अफगानिस्तान में प्राकृतिक संसाधन जिसमें प्रमुख रूप से गैस व तेल बड़े पैमाने पर मौजूद हैं। इसके साथ ही साथ अफगानिस्तान एक बड़ा बाजार भी है। यदि भारत अपने सम्बन्धों को अफगानिस्तान से और मजबूत करता है तो भारत की सबसे बड़ी आवश्यकता जो तेल और गैस है उसे कुछ हद तक दूर किया जा सकता है। मित्र देश होने के नाते हम अफगानिस्तान से तेल और गैस रिफाइनरी के लिए लाइसेन्स प्राप्त कर सकते हैं। साथ ही साथ हम अपने यहां उत्पादित वस्तुओं के लिए अफगानिस्तान जैसे बड़े बाजार को भी प्राप्त कर सकते हैं। दूसरी तरफ पाकिस्तान चाहता है कि भारत व विश्व शक्तियाँ इस देश से निकल जायें ताकि वह अफगानिस्तान को पुनः तालिबानियों के हाथों में डाल दे और अपनी मनमानी पहले की तरह कर सके। वास्तव में पाकिस्तान अफगानिस्तान को आतंकवादियों की राजधानी बनाना चाहता है ताकि इन आतंकवादियों का प्रयोग वह भारत के विरुद्ध कर सके और जेहाद का नारा बुलन्द कर सके। एक खूफिया रिपोर्ट में दावा किया गया है कि अफगानिस्तान में 34 जिलों में से 17 जिले अभी भी तालिबानियों के प्रभाव में हैं। अगर अफगानिस्तान में पुनः तालिबानियों का प्रभाव बढ़ता है तो यह भारत की राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा के लिए एक खतरा है क्योंकि आतंकवादियों की खेप तैयार करने में पाकिस्तान को पुनः अवसर मिल जाएगा और भारत को पुनः संसद हमला, मुम्बई धमाका जैसे अनेक आतंकवादी घटनाओं का सामना करना पड़ सकता हैं। इसलिए हम अफगानिस्तान से होकर मध्य एशिया से भी अपने सम्बन्धों को जीवन्त कर सकते हैं। यह विदित हो कि दुनिया के तेल व गैस भण्डारों का 70 प्रतिशत मध्य एशिया में विद्यमान है। अतः हम निष्कर्श रूप से यह कह सकते हैं कि यदि हम तालिबान व पाकिस्तान के गठजोड़ को अफगानिस्तान की मदद से तोड़ देते हैं।

Pages: 113-117
Khushgeet Kaur (Department of Education and Community Service, Punjabi University, Patiala)

The study focused on exploring attitude towards use of computers, computer related anxiety and computer related self-efficacy among college students in relation to gender, stream and social class. The data were collected from 300 government and private degree college students of Sangrur district of Punjab. The results of the study revealed significant stream-wise differences in attitude of college students towards use of computers and computer related anxiety, respectively. Further, arts, commerce and professional students possessed significantly more favourable attitude and significantly more computer related anxiety towards use of computers as compared to their science counterparts, respectively. Significant differences were reported in computer related anxiety among college students in relation to social class. On the contrary, no significant gender differences were found in attitude of college students towards use of computers, computer related anxiety and computer related self-efficacy. Also, no significant stream-wise differences were found in computer related self-efficacy among college students. Non-significant differences were also reported in attitude of college students towards use of computers and computer related self-efficacy in relation to social class, respectively. These results of the study have implications for counsellors, teachers and parents.