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Pages: 422-424
Pardeep Kumar (Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, Jagan Nath University, Bahadurgarh, Haryana)
Swati Chaudhary (Department of Education, Jagan Nath University, Bahadurgarh, Haryana)

Developments in information and communication technology along with distance education applications have changed the thinking of educators. Today, especially with the help of web technologies, very rich learning environments and materials are being created. In addition, the constantly growing and transforming structure of knowledge influences the learning mechanism of students and the role of teachers from top to bottom, pushing educational institutions and educational researches into new pursuits. In the most basic definition, MOOCs are online education platforms accessed for free by great masses. Online courses taught by elite academics in elite universities draw a lot of interest, and provide a complete distance learning environment through assignments, presentations, videos and other course materials. As one of the most interesting recent developments among distance education researchers, there is an undoubted expectation that MOOCs will revolutionize the operation of education in the future. This study defines MOOCs, interprets their emergence, interpretations are made regarding its role today and future tendencies, education and various recommendations are provided regarding future development.
Pages: 422-424 Pardeep Kumar (Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, Jagan Nath University, Bahadurgarh, Haryana) Swati Chaudhary…
Pages: 417-421
Meghna Basu Thakur (Department of Psychology, R. D. National College, Bandra West, Mumbai, Maharashtra)

An important theoretical construct that needs significant attention in organizational psychology is work-family balance. This is primarily due to substantial modifications families and work spaces have undergone such as increase in dual-career couples and rise in the percentage of working mothers with young children (Bond, Galinsky, & Swanberg, 1998; Gilbert, Hallett, & Eldridge, 1994; as cited in Allen, Herst, Bruck, & Sutton, 2000). Greenhaus, Collins and Shaw (2003) have conceptualized work-family balance as the degree to which equal engagement and equal satisfaction is experienced in both the work and domestic spheres with respect to one's roles. Other researchers (e.g., Frone, 2003; Quick et al., 2004) conceptualize this variable as indicative of lack of conflict across the two domains. In other words, work-family balance can be seen as the converse of work-family conflict, which reflects incompatibility in role pressures across work and domestic spheres (Greenhaus & Beutell, 1985). Greenhaus and Beutell (1985) reviewed a substantial literature (e.g., Bartolome & Evans, 1980; Burke et al., 1980; Jones & Butler, 1980; Kopelman et al., 1983) and highlighted the role of work-related stressors such as role ambiguity, participation in boundary-spanning activities, communication stress, lack of mental concentration, speed of organizational environment change, task autonomy, coping with a new job, job-related misfit (competence misfit, enjoyment misfit, moral misfit) to be associated with escalation of work-family conflict/ negative spillover.
Pages: 417-421 Meghna Basu Thakur (Department of Psychology, R. D. National College, Bandra West, Mumbai, Maharashtra)
Pages: 408-416
Hina Mohnot and Tania Shaw (School of Management Studies, Ansal University, Gurgaon, Haryana)

The current study investigated academic leadership preparedness and leadership styles of 372 academic leaders of Indian higher education institutes. Data were collected through online survey and through post on printed version of the survey inventories. Results indicate that leadership style of academic leaders was related to their level of leadership preparedness. Leaders with paired leadership styles were found to be more prepared for academic leadership than leaders with single leadership style. It was also found that leaders with diffused leadership style or no clear leadership style were least prepared for their role of leadership in the group. Results have significant implications for designing appropriate leadership development and management training programs. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Pages: 408-416 Hina Mohnot and Tania Shaw (School of Management Studies, Ansal University, Gurgaon, Haryana)
Pages: 403-407
Pardeep Kumar (Department of Psychology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab)
Pavitar Parkash Singh (Department of Business, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab)
Vivek Bhuchar (Department of Psychology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab)

In the present era, individuals are always in a race of grabbing opportunities for growth, looking for demands and to fulfill those demands they face challenges at their workplaces. The demands sometimes work as the stressors and it produces a stress for an individual. A sample of 149 (n = 149) IT professionals were taken from different organizations within tricity, that is, Chandigarh, Panchkula, and Mohali. Four tools namely, Technostress by Ragu-Nathan and Ragu-Nathan (2002) Job Satisfaction Instrument by Mishra, Tiwari, and Pandey (1977) Job Performance Questionnaire by Shokrkon and Arshadi (1990) and Mental Health Inventory by Jagdish and Srivastava (1996) were administered on the sample for the data collection. The findings of the present study have statistically analyzed the data by using correlation, t-test and regression. The t-test has shown a significant difference in technostress (t = 2.070, 0.05 level) and females found to have more technostress than males. There is a significant difference in mental health (t =2.573, 0.05 level) where males are found to have good mental health than females. The result has also shown a significant and negative correlation between technostress and job satisfaction (r = 0.255, 0.01 level) and also a negatively significant correlation between technostress and job performance (r =0.333, 0.01 level). The regression has shown a low level of technostress predicting job satisfaction (R square = 6.5%), job performance (R square = 11.1%) and mental health (R square = 2.2%).
Pages: 403-407 Pardeep Kumar (Department of Psychology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab) Pavitar Parkash Singh (Department of…
Pages: 400-402
Rupika Chopra, Sheela Sangwan, and Krishna Duhan (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, I. C. College of Home Science CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

A small group of similarly aged, fairly close friends and sharing the same activities is known as peer group. The present study was conducted on 500 adolescents i.e., 250 adolescents form urban area and 250 adolescents from rural area studying in 10th, 11th and 12th classes. Peer Relationship Questionnaire (PRQ) developed and standardized by Rigby and Slee (1993) was used to assess the peer relationship among adolescents. Results revealed that male adolescents were more involved in bullying and victimization than female adolescents whereas female adolescents reported more pro-social skills than male adolescents. Results also highlighted the significant differences in bullying and victimization across academic class as adolescents go from higher classes to senior secondary classes, the level of bullying and victimization decreases.
Pages: 400-402 Rupika Chopra, Sheela Sangwan, and Krishna Duhan (Department of Human Development and Family Studies…
Pages: 396-399
Jenis Chauhan (G.H. Patel institute of Business Management, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat)
Gautam Parmar (ASPEE Agribusiness Management Institute, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Nagar)

The consumer behaviour dealt with how consumer buy and behave towards the product. The Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) is the fourth largest sector in Indian economy. In India around 70 percent population reside in rural area where as other population lives in urban area. The population of the different region may have difference in the behaviour. The present study try to understand the consumer behaviour towards FMCG products. There are four FMCG products (Shampoo, Bath soap, Detergent Powder, & Tooth paste) were selected for the current study. For the present study 75 respondents were surveyed comprises of rural and urban place of residence. The study found that 76 % respondents use same brand of shampoo for less than 1 year. In case of bath soap 50.7 % respondents use same brand for 1-2 years. In case of detergent powder 42.7 % respondents' use same brand for 1-2 years and in case of toothpaste it was found that 58.7 % respondents use same brand for less than 1 year. The study also found relationship between place of residence and duration of single brand of shampoo, detergent powder and toothpaste used. There is no relationship found between place of residence and duration of single brand of bath soap used. The study also depict that the price is the most influencing factor followed by availability, quality of product, brand image. The least influencing factor is hording for FMCG products.
Pages: 396-399 Jenis Chauhan (G.H. Patel institute of Business Management, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand…
Pages: 392-395
Atipreet Kaur (Department of Psychology, Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab)
Agyajit Singh (Former Head, Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

The aim of the study was to study personal growth initiative among students studying in a public and private school of Ludhiana in Punjab. Personal growth initiative scale by Robitschek (1998) was administered individually to 100 adolescent with equal number of male and female students selected purposively from public and private school. Results were computed using standardized scoring key and spss software. Results indicate that personal growth initiative is higher in females as compared to males and higher in students studying in private school as compared to public school students.
Pages: 392-395 Atipreet Kaur (Department of Psychology, Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab) Agyajit Singh (Former Head…
Pages: 387-391
Rachna Rani, Asha Chawla, and Deepika Vig (Department of HDFS, COHSc. Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

The present study was aimed to find out the gender differences in personality traits altruistic adolescents. The study was carried out in Government urban and rural schools of Ludhiana District of Punjab. The total sample comprised 240 adolescents (120 boys & 120 girls) in the age group of 14-16 years who belonging to low and middle socio-economic status. Socio Economic Status scale, Altruism Scale and 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire was used to collect the data. The results showed that boys with moderate altruism were found more in medium level of personality traits. Which indicated that neither they were humble, expedient, shy, tough minded, trusting, group dependent, undisciplined and relaxed nor they were assertive, conscientious, venturesome, tender minded, suspicious, self-sufficient, controlled and tensed as compared to girls. Boys with moderate altruism were found more outgoing, socially aware, free thinkers and less sober. Whereas, more number of girls with high altruism were found to have medium level of these personality traits as compared to boys. Boys with high altruism were found outgoing, tender minded, socially aware and were found less intelligent and humble.
Pages: 387-391 Rachna Rani, Asha Chawla, and Deepika Vig (Department of HDFS, COHSc. Punjab Agricultural University…
Pages: 384-386
Uma Rani (Department of Psychology, SPW Degree & PG College, Tirupati, Uttar Pradesh)

Education for disabled children in India is lacking either in its efficacy, infrastructure, implementation and/or other causes. One of the causes is the exact figures of disabled children. It is very difficult to find reliable data about the prevalence of disability in India. Despite India's attempts at inclusive education, schooling for special needs children has usually been a story of lack - of will, infrastructure and personnel. Schools, both private and government, would avoid admitting children with disability. Since the PWD Act of 1995, and the RTE Act of 2009, there has, however, been an improvement in the record of disability education, certainly in terms of its awareness and future challenges, and seeing it as a matter of right for a large section of young India (Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation, 2012). For life to go onchange is inevitable. Change is never easy especially when it involves a large number of individuals and an established system. Yet change is necessary when innovative practices demonstrate greater effectiveness than past services. This paper highlights the vast inter-state variations in responding to the educational needs of children with disabilities. It then concludes by attempting to bring together a range of disparate themes to suggest the fundamental dilemmas faced in planning and providing for children with disabilities and discusses some ways of moving forward. It is important to note here that there is currently a significant lacuna of knowledge in the field of special and inclusive education for Disabled Children in India.
Pages: 384-386 Uma Rani (Department of Psychology, SPW Degree & PG College, Tirupati, Uttar Pradesh)
Pages: 381-383
Parvesh Sood (Guru Dronacharya College of Education, Bhuna, Fatehabad, Haryana)

Attrition in business means the reduction in employees and workforce through means such as retirement or resignation. Companies spend a lot of money and efforts in hiring and retaining the talent for some specialized roles, but the talent loss deeply affects the company's performance and its goodwill in the industry. Employers keep on devising the employee retention policies time to time, but this problem is still prevalent in lot of industries specially in service sector. In the present research paper, the first part discusses on the reason and types of Attrition. The second part of the paper talks about the attrition rate for IT Sector of India. In the last part, the author has suggested some thoughts on how this problem can be tackled.
Pages: 381-383 Parvesh Sood (Guru Dronacharya College of Education, Bhuna, Fatehabad, Haryana)
Pages: 378-380
Debasis Gan Chowdhury (Institute of Advanced Studies in Education, Tripura)

The present study was conducted to critically analyse the issues related to Teacher Education and to find out the remedial measures of those problems and obstacles that are significant enough to disrupt the main objective of the Teacher Training Program. The major issues and problem areas that are coming out are abrasion of values, recognition of constitutional goals, proper operations of teacher-education institutions, constitution of Teacher Training Programme, etc. And after deep study and discussion with educationists, it has been found that improvement in working of teacher education institutions, knowledge of science and technology, realization of constitutional goals, emphasis on value education, healthy discussion on social issues, restructuring of teacher education programme, development of creativity and development of life skills are the major remedies to bring quality and improvement in the teacher education program.
Pages: 378-380 Debasis Gan Chowdhury (Institute of Advanced Studies in Education, Tripura)
Pages: 375-377
Alka Rani (Department of Commerce, Sri Guru Hari Singh College, Sri Jiwan Nagar, Sirsa, Haryana)
Veena Gautam (Department of Commerce, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana)

Corporate governance is about ethical conduct of business. Corporate governance is mechanism to maximize the wealth of owners by optima utilization of resources and managing the organization in more transparent way. Corporate governance is about promoting corporate fairness, transparency and accountability. Since the commencement of liberalization process, economic scenario began to change. Globalization has not only significantly heightened business risk but also compelled Indian economy to adopt good governance. Foreign investment is means for economic growth of developing countries like India. When investors make investment, they consider two variables, capital and risk transparency. Strong corporate governance help to ensure long term success, weak system leads to serious problems. The situations grew from bad to worse in following decades and corruption; inefficiency became the hallmarks of Indian corporate sector. Satyam episode, Harshad Mehta securities scam, UTI scam, Ketan Parikh scam came into light in earlier years. So in current competitive environment, there is need to induct global standards. So that at least while the scope for scams still present, it can be at least reduce to minimum and CG can play a vital role in reducing corruption and decreased corruption enhance country development process because good corporate governance is to ensure commitment in managing the company in transparent ,manner.
Pages: 375-377 Alka Rani (Department of Commerce, Sri Guru Hari Singh College, Sri Jiwan Nagar, Sirsa…
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