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Pages: 442-445
Manju Mishra (Department of Psychology, H. R. PG College, Khalilabad, Uttar Pradesh)

This study was carried out to investigate self esteem happiness level of hosteller and non- hosteller of boys and girls. 120 students studying in undergraduate and post graduate classes were participated in the study, Half of them were hostellers and half of them were non- hostellers. Hostel life has many advantages and disadvantages for the students. Many students adjust themselves in hostel life and do well in their studies and remain happy. While some others hostellers find it difficult to live away from home and are constantly disturbed. They are unable to focus on study and remain unhappy too. This study mental health, happiness and self esteem of hostellers and non- hostellers boys and girls have been investigated. Self esteem is found to be correlated with happiness in earlier researches. Questionnaires were used to measure self esteem, and happiness level of participants. Result sows that self esteem had no significant impact on hosteller and non- hosteller. It was also non significant for gender too but hostellers was found better than non- hostellers. Hostellers were found to be happier that non- hostellers but girls students were more happy than boys in both samples whether they were hostellers or non- hostellers. Thus the effect of residence was not found significant in the study, only the effect of gender was found.

Pages: 442-445Manju Mishra (Department of Psychology, H. R. PG College, Khalilabad, Uttar Pradesh)

Pages: 438-441
Sanjay, Swamy H.M., Sunita Yadav, and Krishan Yadav (Department of Agricultural Economics, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

To access the growth and structural changes taking place in pulses area, production, productivity and trade aspects this analysis was carried out for a period of 10 years ranging from 2007-08 to 2016-17. It was done by calculating compound and simple growth statistics and by developing separate transitional matrix for exports and imports. Results regarding area, production, productivity, collective quantity and value of exports exhibited 1.88 per cent, 3.63 per cent, 1.71 per cent, 5.45 per cent and 3.23 per cent rate of compound growth rate respectively. Markov chain analysis was attempted through linear programming method to assess the transition probabilities for the major pulses export markets of Indian pulses and nations importing pulses to India. The major Indian pulses export markets were categorized as stable market (UAE) and unstable markets (Pakistan & Saudi Arab) based on the magnitude of transition probabilities. The import transition matrix also brought forward Canada and Myanmar as most trusted and Australia & USA as most unstable suppliers of Indian pulses imports. In conclusion, the growth in production (3.63 %) of the world's largest producer was far behind the simultaneous growth in import quantity (17.12 %).

Pages: 438-441Sanjay, Swamy H.M., Sunita Yadav, and Krishan Yadav (Department of Agricultural Economics, CCS Haryana…

Pages: 434-437
Manju (School of Education, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana)

Positive education emphasizes the importance of training the heart as well as the mind in education. A school curriculum that incorporates well-being will ideally prevent depression, increase life satisfaction, encourage social responsibility, promote creativity, foster learning and even enhance academic achievement” (Waters, 2014). The present paper is aimed to investigate how positive education helps in developing creativity among students. The present also reviews on tools and concepts, the characteristics and criteria for positive education in relation to creativity.

Pages: 434-437Manju (School of Education, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana)

Pages: 429-433
Sarah Mehta and Hardeep Lal Joshi (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

Emotion regulation strategies and difficulties in regulating one's emotions have been implicated in the study of depression in the past. The present study aims to extend the existing literature on the link between depression and emotion regulation among adolescents. The objective was to assess the relationship between different emotion regulation strategies and depression. At the same time the study examined emotion regulation strategies as the predictors of depression. The study was conducted on a sample of 400 adolescents with age ranging from 13 to 18 years. Significant correlations were found between depression and eight out of nine cognitive strategies self blame, blaming others, rumination, catastrophizing, positive refocusing, positive reappraisal, acceptance, and refocus on planning. Similarly, a robust positive correlation was found between depression and difficulties in emotion regulation subscales (non acceptance, goals, impulse, strategies, & clarity). The findings of the present study supported the stated hypotheses. Limited access to emotion regulation strategies, self blame, catastrophizing, positive reappraisal, lack of emotional clarity and impulse control difficulties were found to be the potent predictors of depression.

Pages: 429-433Sarah Mehta and Hardeep Lal Joshi (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

Pages: 425-428
Swamy H. M., Sanjay, and Krishan Yadav (Department of Agricultural Economics, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar)

After introduction of cocoa in early half of 20th century, it gained momentum in late 1990s only. Though the growth rates in area, production, export quantity and value were heartening, the actual situation of Indian export sector of cocoa products was disheartening. The paper attempts to quantify the changing structure of Indian cocoa products exports. Data for analysis was taken for a period of 16 years from 2000-01 to 2016-17. The Markov chain analysis was attempted through linear programming method to assess the transition probabilities for the major cocoa markets. The major Indian cocoa export markets were categorized as stable market (USA, China, & others) and unstable markets (Singapore, Netherland) based on the magnitude of transition probabilities. The major export markets for Indian cocoas were USA (14.9 %), Nepal (11.6 %), China (7.71 %), Netherland (6.94 %) and Singapore (5.06 %). The holistic conclusion leads to the need of emphasizing on productivity enhancing research, measures to stabilize existing markets and tapping other markets section for improvement in this sector.

Pages: 425-428Swamy H. M., Sanjay, and Krishan Yadav (Department of Agricultural Economics, CCS Haryana Agricultural…

Pages: 422-424
Pardeep Kumar (Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, Jagan Nath University, Bahadurgarh, Haryana)
Swati Chaudhary (Department of Education, Jagan Nath University, Bahadurgarh, Haryana)

Developments in information and communication technology along with distance education applications have changed the thinking of educators. Today, especially with the help of web technologies, very rich learning environments and materials are being created. In addition, the constantly growing and transforming structure of knowledge influences the learning mechanism of students and the role of teachers from top to bottom, pushing educational institutions and educational researches into new pursuits. In the most basic definition, MOOCs are online education platforms accessed for free by great masses. Online courses taught by elite academics in elite universities draw a lot of interest, and provide a complete distance learning environment through assignments, presentations, videos and other course materials. As one of the most interesting recent developments among distance education researchers, there is an undoubted expectation that MOOCs will revolutionize the operation of education in the future. This study defines MOOCs, interprets their emergence, interpretations are made regarding its role today and future tendencies, education and various recommendations are provided regarding future development.

Pages: 422-424Pardeep Kumar (Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, Jagan Nath University, Bahadurgarh, Haryana)Swati Chaudhary…

Pages: 417-421
Meghna Basu Thakur (Department of Psychology, R. D. National College, Bandra West, Mumbai, Maharashtra)

An important theoretical construct that needs significant attention in organizational psychology is work-family balance. This is primarily due to substantial modifications families and work spaces have undergone such as increase in dual-career couples and rise in the percentage of working mothers with young children (Bond, Galinsky, & Swanberg, 1998; Gilbert, Hallett, & Eldridge, 1994; as cited in Allen, Herst, Bruck, & Sutton, 2000). Greenhaus, Collins and Shaw (2003) have conceptualized work-family balance as the degree to which equal engagement and equal satisfaction is experienced in both the work and domestic spheres with respect to one's roles. Other researchers (e.g., Frone, 2003; Quick et al., 2004) conceptualize this variable as indicative of lack of conflict across the two domains. In other words, work-family balance can be seen as the converse of work-family conflict, which reflects incompatibility in role pressures across work and domestic spheres (Greenhaus & Beutell, 1985). Greenhaus and Beutell (1985) reviewed a substantial literature (e.g., Bartolome & Evans, 1980; Burke et al., 1980; Jones & Butler, 1980; Kopelman et al., 1983) and highlighted the role of work-related stressors such as role ambiguity, participation in boundary-spanning activities, communication stress, lack of mental concentration, speed of organizational environment change, task autonomy, coping with a new job, job-related misfit (competence misfit, enjoyment misfit, moral misfit) to be associated with escalation of work-family conflict/ negative spillover.

Pages: 417-421Meghna Basu Thakur (Department of Psychology, R. D. National College, Bandra West, Mumbai, Maharashtra)

Pages: 408-416
Hina Mohnot and Tania Shaw (School of Management Studies, Ansal University, Gurgaon, Haryana)

The current study investigated academic leadership preparedness and leadership styles of 372 academic leaders of Indian higher education institutes. Data were collected through online survey and through post on printed version of the survey inventories. Results indicate that leadership style of academic leaders was related to their level of leadership preparedness. Leaders with paired leadership styles were found to be more prepared for academic leadership than leaders with single leadership style. It was also found that leaders with diffused leadership style or no clear leadership style were least prepared for their role of leadership in the group. Results have significant implications for designing appropriate leadership development and management training programs. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Pages: 408-416Hina Mohnot and Tania Shaw (School of Management Studies, Ansal University, Gurgaon, Haryana)

Pages: 403-407
Pardeep Kumar (Department of Psychology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab)
Pavitar Parkash Singh (Department of Business, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab)
Vivek Bhuchar (Department of Psychology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab)

In the present era, individuals are always in a race of grabbing opportunities for growth, looking for demands and to fulfill those demands they face challenges at their workplaces. The demands sometimes work as the stressors and it produces a stress for an individual. A sample of 149 (n = 149) IT professionals were taken from different organizations within tricity, that is, Chandigarh, Panchkula, and Mohali. Four tools namely, Technostress by Ragu-Nathan and Ragu-Nathan (2002) Job Satisfaction Instrument by Mishra, Tiwari, and Pandey (1977) Job Performance Questionnaire by Shokrkon and Arshadi (1990) and Mental Health Inventory by Jagdish and Srivastava (1996) were administered on the sample for the data collection. The findings of the present study have statistically analyzed the data by using correlation, t-test and regression. The t-test has shown a significant difference in technostress (t = 2.070, 0.05 level) and females found to have more technostress than males. There is a significant difference in mental health (t =2.573, 0.05 level) where males are found to have good mental health than females. The result has also shown a significant and negative correlation between technostress and job satisfaction (r = 0.255, 0.01 level) and also a negatively significant correlation between technostress and job performance (r =0.333, 0.01 level). The regression has shown a low level of technostress predicting job satisfaction (R square = 6.5%), job performance (R square = 11.1%) and mental health (R square = 2.2%).

Pages: 403-407Pardeep Kumar (Department of Psychology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab)Pavitar Parkash Singh (Department of…

Pages: 400-402
Rupika Chopra, Sheela Sangwan, and Krishna Duhan (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, I. C. College of Home Science CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

A small group of similarly aged, fairly close friends and sharing the same activities is known as peer group. The present study was conducted on 500 adolescents i.e., 250 adolescents form urban area and 250 adolescents from rural area studying in 10th, 11th and 12th classes. Peer Relationship Questionnaire (PRQ) developed and standardized by Rigby and Slee (1993) was used to assess the peer relationship among adolescents. Results revealed that male adolescents were more involved in bullying and victimization than female adolescents whereas female adolescents reported more pro-social skills than male adolescents. Results also highlighted the significant differences in bullying and victimization across academic class as adolescents go from higher classes to senior secondary classes, the level of bullying and victimization decreases.

Pages: 400-402Rupika Chopra, Sheela Sangwan, and Krishna Duhan (Department of Human Development and Family Studies…

Pages: 396-399
Jenis Chauhan (G.H. Patel institute of Business Management, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat)
Gautam Parmar (ASPEE Agribusiness Management Institute, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Nagar)

The consumer behaviour dealt with how consumer buy and behave towards the product. The Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) is the fourth largest sector in Indian economy. In India around 70 percent population reside in rural area where as other population lives in urban area. The population of the different region may have difference in the behaviour. The present study try to understand the consumer behaviour towards FMCG products. There are four FMCG products (Shampoo, Bath soap, Detergent Powder, & Tooth paste) were selected for the current study. For the present study 75 respondents were surveyed comprises of rural and urban place of residence. The study found that 76 % respondents use same brand of shampoo for less than 1 year. In case of bath soap 50.7 % respondents use same brand for 1-2 years. In case of detergent powder 42.7 % respondents' use same brand for 1-2 years and in case of toothpaste it was found that 58.7 % respondents use same brand for less than 1 year. The study also found relationship between place of residence and duration of single brand of shampoo, detergent powder and toothpaste used. There is no relationship found between place of residence and duration of single brand of bath soap used. The study also depict that the price is the most influencing factor followed by availability, quality of product, brand image. The least influencing factor is hording for FMCG products.

Pages: 396-399Jenis Chauhan (G.H. Patel institute of Business Management, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand…

Pages: 392-395
Atipreet Kaur (Department of Psychology, Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab)
Agyajit Singh (Former Head, Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab)

The aim of the study was to study personal growth initiative among students studying in a public and private school of Ludhiana in Punjab. Personal growth initiative scale by Robitschek (1998) was administered individually to 100 adolescent with equal number of male and female students selected purposively from public and private school. Results were computed using standardized scoring key and spss software. Results indicate that personal growth initiative is higher in females as compared to males and higher in students studying in private school as compared to public school students.

Pages: 392-395Atipreet Kaur (Department of Psychology, Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab)Agyajit Singh (Former Head…
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