International Journal of Education and Management Studies (IJEMS) is an indexed, peer-reviewed and refereed journal published quarterly by the Indian Association of Health, Research, and Welfare (IAHRW). International Journal of
Education and Management Studies likely aims to promote research and
knowledge dissemination in the fields of education and management. Its
objectives include fostering academic discussions on innovative teaching
methodologies, educational policies, leadership strategies, human resource
management, and organizational behavior. The journal focuses on areas such as
pedagogy, curriculum development, educational psychology, business management,
entrepreneurship, and corporate governance. Its goals are to publish
high-quality, peer-reviewed research, encourage interdisciplinary
collaboration, and contribute to the practical application of education and
management theories for academic and professional growth. The journal is indexed with ProQuest, ProQuest Central, J-Gate, and National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS) Rating 4.58. IJEMS is being published regularly since 2011. For more details write to us to iahrw2019@gmail.com
Editor-in-Chief: Sunil Saini, PhD, Editorial Office: 1245/18, Moh. Sainian, Hisar, Haryana, India
Email: iahrw2019@gmail.com
Phone: 9255442103, 7988885490
Publisher: IAHRW Publications
ISSN: 2231-5632 (print version)
ISSN: 2321-3671 (electronic version)
Frequency: Quarterly (March, June, September and December)
Indexing: ProQuest, ProQuest Central, Index Copernicus International, J-Gate, Questia Library, Technion Israel Institute of Technology Library, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS) Rating 4.58
CHIEF EDITOR
Sunil Saini, PhD
Indian Association of Health, Research and Welfare, Hisar, Haryana, India
EDITORS
David Bennett, PhD, Charisma University, USA S. C. Kundu, PhD, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar
B.K. Punia, PhD, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar
Mahesh Thakur, PhD, Karve Institute of Social Sciences, Pune
Jaspreet Kaur, PhD, Punjabi University, Patiala
Vandana Punia, PhD, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana
Munish Nagpal, PhD, Deputy Commissioner, Govt of Haryana
Sangeeta Trama, PhD, Punjabi University Patiala
Sandeep Singh, PhD, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana
Editor-in-Chief: Sunil Saini, PhD, Editorial Office: 1245/18, Moh. Sainian, Hisar, Haryana, India
Email: iahrw2019@gmail.com
Phone: 9255442103
Publisher: IAHRW
ISSN: 2231-5632 (print version)
ISSN: 2321-3671 (electronic version)
Frequency: Quarterly
Indexing: ProQuest, ProQuest Central, Index Copernicus International, J-Gate, Questia Library, Technion Israel Institute of Technology Library
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Author’s guidelines:
International Journal of Education and Management Studies (IJEMS) is a peer-reviewed research journal published quarterly by Indian Association of Health, Research and Welfare. The IJEMS is indexed with ProQuest, J-Gate, etc. The journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of scientific excellence in the area of Education, Psychology and Management Studies and other related fields. IJEMS is published Quarterly (March, June, September and December).
Manuscripts should be submitted in the format outlined in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th edition) and should be sent via email at iahrw2010@gmail.com. The papers are reviewed by professional reviewers who have specialized expertise in the respective area, and to judge the quality of the paper in a time bound and confidential manner. The paper shall be review by double blind review process.
Permission
Authors wishing to include figures, tables, or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Online Submission
Please follow the hyperlink “Submit online” on the right and upload all of your manuscript files following the instructions given on the screen.
The title page should include:
• The name(s) of the author(s)
• A concise and informative title
• The affiliation(s) and address(es) of the author(s)
• The e-mail address, and telephone number(s) of the corresponding author
Abstract
Please provide an abstract of 150 to 250 words. The abstract should not contain any undefined abbreviations or unspecified references.
Keywords
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Main Text
Manuscripts should be submitted in Word.
Tables
Tables should be as per APA format
References
References should be as per APA format as follows
• Journal article
Panda, T., Lamba, V., Goyal, N., Saini, S., Boora, S., Cruz. (2018). Psychometric Testing in Schools. Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, 8(2), 213–245.
• Article by DOI
Slifka, M. K., & Whitton, J. L. (2000) Clinical implications of dysregulated cytokine production. Journal of Molecular Medicine, doi:10.1007/s001090000086
• Book
Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal publication. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
• Book chapter
O’Neil, J. M., & Egan, J. (1992). Men’s and women’s gender role journeys: Metaphor for healing, transition, and transformation. In B. R. Wainrib (Ed.), Gender issues across the life cycle (pp. 107–123). New York: Springer.
• Online document
Abou-Allaban, Y., Dell, M. L., Greenberg, W., Lomax, J., Peteet, J., Torres, M., & Cowell, V. (2006). Religious/spiritual commitments and psychiatric practice. Resource document. American Psychiatric Association.
https://web.archive.org/web/20100308014645/http://www.psych.org:80/edu/other_res/lib_archives/archives/200604.pdf. Accessed 25 June 2007.
Copyright form
Authors will be asked to transfer copyright of the article to the Publisher (or grant the Publisher exclusive publication and dissemination rights). This will ensure the widest possible protection and dissemination of information under copyright laws.
Proof reading
The purpose of the proof is to check for typesetting or conversion errors and the completeness and accuracy of the text, tables and figures. Substantial changes in content, e.g., new results, corrected values, title and authorship, are not allowed without the approval of the Editor. After online publication, further changes can only be made in the form of an Erratum, which will be hyperlinked to the article.
Ethical Guidelines for the author
• Authors should adhere to publication requirements that submitted work is original and has not been published elsewhere in any language. Work should not be submitted concurrently to more than one publication unless the editors have agreed to co-publication. If articles are co-published this fact should be made clear to readers.
• Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) should be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement.
• Relevant previous work and publications, both by other researchers and the authors’ own, should be properly acknowledged and referenced.
• Data, text, figures or ideas originated by other researchers should be properly acknowledged and should not be presented as if they were the authors’ own
• All sources of research funding, including direct and indirect financial support, supply of equipment or materials, and other support (such as specialist statistical or writing assistance) should be disclosed.
• Authors should disclose the role of the research funder(s) or sponsor (if any) in the research design, execution, analysis, interpretation and reporting
• The research literature serves as a record not only of what has been discovered but also of who made the discovery. The authorship of research publications should therefore accurately reflect individuals’ contributions to the work and its reporting.
• In cases where major contributors are listed as authors while those who made less substantial, or purely technical, contributions to the research or to the publication are listed in an acknowledgement section, the criteria for authorship and acknowledgement should be agreed at the start of the project.
• Researchers should ensure that only those individuals who meet authorship criteria (i.e. made a substantial contribution to the work) are rewarded with authorship and that deserving authors are not omitted. Institutions and journal editors should encourage practices that prevent guest, gift, and ghost authorship.
• All authors should agree to be listed and should approve the submitted and accepted versions of the publication. Any change to the author list should be approved by all authors including any who have been removed from the list. The corresponding author should act as a point of contact between the editor and the other authors and should keep co-authors informed and involve them in major decisions about the publication (e.g. responding to reviewers’ comments).
• Authors should work with the editor or publisher to correct their work promptly if errors or omissions are discovered after publication.
• Authors should abide by relevant conventions, requirements, and regulations to make materials, reagents, software or datasets available to other researchers who request them. Researchers, institutions, and funders should have clear policies for handling such requests. Authors must also follow relevant journal standards. While proper acknowledgement is expected, researchers should not demand authorship as a condition for sharing materials.
• Authors should follow publishers’ requirements that work is not submitted to more than one publication for consideration at the same time.
• Authors should inform the editor if they withdraw their work from review, or choose not to respond to reviewer comments after receiving a conditional acceptance.
• Authors should respond to reviewers’ comments in a professional and timely manner.
• Appropriate approval, licensing or registration should be obtained before the research begins and details should be provided in the report (e.g. Institutional Review Board, Research Ethics Committee approval, national licensing authorities for the use of animals).
• If requested by editors, authors should supply evidence that reported research received the appropriate approval and was carried out ethically (e.g. copies of approvals, licences, participant consent forms).
• Researchers should not generally publish or share identifiable individual data collected in the course of research without specific consent from the individual (or their representative). Researchers should remember that many scholarly journals are now freely available on the internet, and should therefore be mindful of the risk of causing danger or upset to unintended readers (e.g. research participants or their families who recognise themselves from case studies, descriptions, images or pedigrees).
• The appropriate statistical analyses should be determined at the start of the study and a data analysis plan for the prespecified outcomes should be prepared and followed.
• Researchers should publish all meaningful research results that might contribute to understanding. In particular, there is an ethical responsibility to publish the findings of all clinical trials. The publication of unsuccessful studies or experiments that reject a hypothesis may help prevent others from wasting time and resources on similar projects. If findings from small studies and those that fail to reach statistically significant results can be combined to produce more useful information (e.g. by meta-analysis) then such findings should be published.
• Authors should supply research protocols to journal editors if requested (e.g. for clinical trials) so that reviewers and editors can compare the research report to the protocol to check that it was carried out as planned and that no relevant details have been omitted. Researchers should follow relevant requirements for clinical trial registration and should include the trial registration number in all publications arising from the trial.
Editor-in-Chief: Sunil Saini, PhD, Editorial Office: 1245/18, Moh. Sainian, Hisar, Haryana, India
Email: iahrw2019@gmail.com,
Phone: 9255442103
Publisher: IAHRW
ISSN: 2231-5632 (print version)
ISSN: 2321-3671 (electronic version)
Frequency: Quarterly
Indexing: ProQuest, ProQuest Central, J-Gate, Questia Library, Technion Israel Institute of Technology Library
Peer Review
All content of the International Journal of Education and Management Studies is subject to peer-review. The Editor first checks and evaluates the submitted manuscript, examining its fit and quality regarding its significance, manuscript format, research quality. If it is suitable for potential pubication, the Editor directs the manuscript for Plagiarism check, and the minimum similarity acceptable is below 20% without references. After that, editor directs the manuscript to two reviewers, with both being experts in the field. This journal employs double-blind review, wehre the author and referee remains anonymous througout the process. Referees are asked to avaluate whetehr the manuscript is original, makes a theoretical contribution to the study, methodoogy is sound, follos appropriate ethical guidelines, whether the results are clearly presented and sufficient supporting studies are given and support the conclusion. The time for evaluation is approximately one month. The Editor’s decision will be sent to the author with recommendations made by the referees. Revised manuscripts might be returned to the initial referees who may then request another revision of the manuscript. After both reviewer’s feedback, the Editor decides if the manuscript will be rejected, accepted with revision needed or accepted for publication. The Editor’s decision is final. Regerees advise the Editor, who is responsible for the final decision to accept or reject the article.
Compaint policy
We ain to respond to and resolve all complaints quickly. All complaints will be acknowledged within a week. For all matters related to the policies, procedures, editorial content, and actions of the editorial staff, the decision of the Editor-in-Chief shall be final. The procedure to make a complaint is easy. It can be made by writing an email to editor: iahrw@iahrw.org
Confict of Interest Policy
Transparency and objectiity in research are essential for publication in this journal. These principles are strictily followed in our peer review process and decision of publication. Manuscript submissions are assigned to reviewers in an effort to minimize potential conflicts of interest. After papers are assigned, individual reviewers are required to inform the editor-in-chief of any conflict.
Pages:129-134 Tarush and Monika Rikhi (Department of Applied Psychology, Sri Aurobindo College (Evening), University of Delhi, Delhi) The pandemic has created an adverse effect in the work environment that has proven detrimental to the work perceptions. The current study aims to determine what factors contribute to workers' perceptions of job dimensions during the negative affect contexts. A total of 40 working participants were chosen, from 25-45-year-olds living in Delhi NCR. Out of which, 20 of the 40 participants were from the 'work from the category' and the other 20 from the 'field workers' category. Open-ended telephonic interviews were conducted. The qualitative analysis of the data revealed fifteen key themes related to possible job dimensions for work-from-home employees and field workers. The study answers the question regarding the impact of the negative affect generated by the COVID-19 lockdown on employees' working lives and job perceptions. The study has provided valuable insights into the various factors that operate in different workplace settings. This research paper also identifies how HR practitioners must think out of the box and bring forth the best strategies and redefine HR roles during the negative affect proposed by the COVID-19 lockdown conditions. Pages:129-134
Tarush and Monika Rikhi (Department of Applied Psychology, Sri Aurobindo College (Evening), University of Delhi… |
Pages:135-141 Amanpreet Kaur and Sarita Saini (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab) Mental health in simple terms is all about how we think, we feel and we behave. It determines our decisions and relations to others. Academic aspiration is also a related concept to mental health which is a big factor of stress in adolescents. 'Level of aspiration' means a standard or goal that a person sets for himself and hopes to reach the given performance. The present study was undertaken to examine the impact of educational aspiration on mental health of rural adolescents. The total sample comprised 200 adolescents studying in class 9th to +2 equally distributed across two genders (males=100 & females=100). The results revealed that, major proportion of the adolescents had good mental health with substantial number of adolescents having good overall educational aspiration. Furthermore, significant gender differences were observed at overall adjustment, security-insecurity and self-concept dimensions of mental health where boys were found to have low sense of safety, lacked harmonious balance but had good self-concept as compared to girls. Whereas, no significant gender differences were observed in educational aspiration. Overall mental health was found to be significantly positively correlated with overall educational aspiration. Also, significant positive contribution of educational aspiration was found on mental health. Pages:135-141
Amanpreet Kaur and Sarita Saini (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural University… |
Pages:142-146 Pushpinder Singh (Department of Sociology, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab) This paper addresses the question of social impact of Agrarian Reforms in Punjab. There has been the highest number of workforce involved in the agriculture sector in India and out of which majority of the people are still living in rural areas. Therefore, the study of agriculture, its development, its structure, its past, present and future holds the most significance. This study is an effort to evaluate the different social impact of major agrarian reforms that have been introduced in India and especially in Punjab through Social Impact Assessment (SIA). The agriculture sector is the largest in terms of people involved in it and contributes around one fifth in the GDP of the country. Accordingly, after the independence various agrarian reforms were introduced in the country and in the state of Punjab. These were related to land, tenants, farmer's income, market, taxes, procurement, rural development, irrigation, food security, co-operative societies, technological advancement and MSP etc. These reforms had brought in the constructive and destructive impacts on the agrarian society. In the state of Punjab the journey of people depended on agriculture has been paradoxical. Initially, the income of farmer's have been increased to a certain extent, which ultimately impacted the society towards more progressive path and afterwards the slowly creeping social negative impacts (mainly indebtedness & farmer's suicide) started emerging. So, in an emerging period of new agricultural Reforms, it is utmost important to assess the impacts of past reforms. Pages:142-146
Pushpinder Singh (Department of Sociology, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab) |
Pages:147-151 Bisman Kaur and Tejpreet Kaur Kang (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab) The study was conducted to explore the correlation of psychological capital and mental health among adolescents. The research was carried on 200 adolescents (Boys=100, Girls=100) in the age group of 14-17 years studying in Government Senior Secondary Schools of Ludhiana. The sample was randomly drawn from 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th grades. A self-structured General Information Sheet was used to gather the information about the demographic data of adolescents. Mental Health Battery by Singh and Sengupta and Psychological Capital Questionnaire by Luthans et al were the research instruments used to assess the status of adolescents' mental health and psychological capital. Significant gender differences existed which revealed that adolescent girls had significantly better mental health and psychological capital than adolescent boys. A significant positive correlation was found between mental health and psychological capital. From these results, it could be implied that these variables can be used as resources to positively impact the mental health of adolescents. Pages:147-151
Bisman Kaur and Tejpreet Kaur Kang (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural… |
Pages:152-157 Jasvir Kaur, Deepika Vig, and Asha Chawla (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab) The present study was conducted to study the family environment as determinant of mental health among rural adolescents. The study was based on 200 adolescents (i.e., 100 boys & 100 girls) .The sample was randomly selected from two Government Senior Secondary Schools of villages Bhaini Baringa and Talwandi Rai of Ludhiana district of Punjab. Adolescents living with an intact family and with at least one sibling and grandparent with them were the final respondents. Mental Health Battery (Singh & Gupta, 2000) and Family Environment Scale (Saini & Kaur, 2017) were used to assess the mental health and family environment of the adolescents, respectively. Results of the study revealed that majority of adolescents had very poor mental health and average level of family environment. Gender differences in the overall data with regards to family environment revealed significant differences at average level where proportion of adolescent girls was significantly higher than adolescent boys indicating that girls perceived their family environment to be average in every aspect as compared to male counterparts. Further, most of the family environment related variables were found to be significantly and positively correlated with the mental health of the adolescents except religious orientation, social connectedness and time spent together. Pages:152-157
Jasvir Kaur, Deepika Vig, and Asha Chawla (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab… |
Pages:158-175 Shazia Hasnain1 and Santoshi Halder2 (Department of Education, Aliah University, Kolkata, West Bengal1 and Department of Education, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal2) Task-based approach of teaching a second language is quite popular for improving the language skills of second and foreign language learners. The present study was conducted to understand the extent to which task-based approach has been implemented in different countries around the world and the age group of learners on whom the approach was applied. The study is a systematic review whereby 88 studies on task-based approach were selected and synthesized to find the trends related to the year-wise studies, the continents and countries where the studies were conducted, the type of studies conducted, and the academic background of the learners. The systematic review adds to the literature by providing an insight into the reasons behind the studies being conducted more in particular countries and on particular learners. Pages:158-175
Shazia Hasnain1 and Santoshi Halder2 (Department of Education, Aliah University, Kolkata, West Bengal1 and Department… |
Pages:176-180 Gurinayat Brar1, Sahreet Kaur2, Aarav Ahuja3, Harman Singh Swani4, Miwan Singh Brar5, and Arnav Kachru6 (BSc Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry, Uk1, Class-12, Hopetown Girls School, Selakui, Uttrakhand2, Class-12, Strawberry Fields High School, Sector 26, Chandigarh3, Class-11, Vivek High School, Sector 38B, Chandigarh4, and Class-12, Mayo College, Ajmer, Rajasthan5, and Class-12, Kodaikanal International School, Tamil Nadu6) Advertisers are expected to alter their focus and spend millions of dollars on internet advertising in the future, rather than on television, print, or other traditional advertising mediums. With the exponential rise of technology, the internet has developed into a critical one-stop shop for customers in terms of purchasing the majority of their necessities. Whether for entertainment, communication, information retrieval, or shopping, the internet fulfils all of their demands. While the majority of consumers are online each day for personal reasons, do they take attention of the advertisements, banners placed on that web page, and most importantly, their memory value? The objective of this study is to identify the various forms of online advertising and to investigate how they influence customers' purchase behaviour. In this paper a survey was conducted by sending a questionnaire to 92 respondents. The aim of the questionnaire was to understand the impact of online advertising towards consumption behavior. Pages:176-180
Gurinayat Brar1, Sahreet Kaur2, Aarav Ahuja3, Harman Singh Swani4, Miwan Singh Brar5, and Arnav Kachru6… |
Pages:181-183 R. Suresh Kumar and K.S. Prasad (Department of Business Management, Sardar Patel University, Anand, Gujarat) The challenge arising from the 'social dimension' is that conceptually it is not prescriptive. It does not describe explicitly what to do. Instead, the notion of social dimension is normative. It sets out a lens from which to view the world. A social dimension is a holistic approach to improving the performance of work life. It postulates that there are intrinsic links among, social, environmental and economic and well-being (Torjman, 2000). Switch in any one dimension will have an influence upon the other dimensions. From a social perspective, consistent performance cannot be sustained without a healthy environment and is equally unlikely in the absence of a fool proof system. While the desired objective of human sound is clear, it is not easy to establish precisely which parts to include in the social sphere. Its relationship to the economic dimension, such as quality of work and level of income, are more prominent. But its relationship to the environment and the environment and economy together is more difficult to articulate (One could argue that environmental challenges are primarily social issues in that they are essentially a function of human behavior). Besides understanding the relations among the environmental, economic and social spheres, there are questions as to whether specific social actions are more consistent with the concept of sustainable development than others. While there are no definitive answers, there appear to be some key directions that arise from a studied interpretation of the concept. Pages:181-183
R. Suresh Kumar and K.S. Prasad (Department of Business Management, Sardar Patel University, Anand, Gujarat) |
Pages: 59-60 Wossen Getahun (Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia) Ian Rothmann is Professor of Industrial Psychology and Director of the Optentia, which is an organization that gives greater emphasis for conducting researches. The organization is situated at the NorthWest University, Potchefstroom, South Africa. Ian's research concern is the appraisal and development of human capacity and flourishing in institutions. He is author/co-author of 165 peerreviewed journal articles and chapters in handbooks. Cooper is respected Professor of Organizational Psychology and Health at Lancaster University Management School, UK. He is the author and editor of more than 125 books and is one of Britain's most quoted business experts. He was honored the CBE by the Queen in 2001 for his input to organizational health and safety; and in 2014 he was gifted a Knighthood for his significant addition to the social sciences. Pages: 59-60
Wossen Getahun (Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia) |
Pages: 56-58 Manpreet Kaur (Haryana School of Business, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana) Traditionally good employees were needed to lead an organization but the scenario has changed now. Today only being good employee is not enough but employees with digital knowledge are considered to be the best employees. With time the competition is increasing day by day. And technological changes have also made each and every process handy of an organization. Likewise currently there are several mobile applications available which are used to regulate and maintain the records of an employee. With the help of this paper, a review has been provided about various mobile applications which are available now days and have made the workings of an organization easy. Pages: 56-58
Manpreet Kaur (Haryana School of Business, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar… |
Pages: 50-55 Shambel Molla Bizuneh (Department of Psychology, College of Education and Behavioral Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia) The purpose of the study was investigating perceptions of teachers and students about teachers' pedagogical content knowledge, teachers' practices of PCK, and correlates of practicing PCK with academic result of students. This research was conducted based on mixed research design (descriptive survey & correlational) and quantitative research approach. 74 Teachers were comprehensively considered and 257 students were selected randomly as respondents of the study. Adapted questionnaires with a five likert scale were administered. Document review was also used to extract Students' cumulative grade point average from the registrar. Data analysis was made by using standard deviations, arithmetic Means, independent t-test, and Pearson correlation and regression coefficients. The result indicated that there was no statistically significant mean difference between teachers self-rating and students rating on teachers' classroom practices of PCK; all the constructs of PCK practices and students cumulative grade point average have statistically significant relationships. And last the cumulative effect of classroom practices of PCK was found to be with R-square=22.9 which accounts 22.9 % effect for students' academic result. This paper argued that provision of continuous and transformative professional training, arranging workshops and subject specific rigorous supervision to teachers on their practices of PCK should be given priority to improve quality of teaching and effective learning. Pages: 50-55
Shambel Molla Bizuneh (Department of Psychology, College of Education and Behavioral Sciences, Bahir Dar… |
Pages: 45-49 Anju Kumari (Directorate of Human Recourse Management, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana) S. Senthi Vinayagam (Education Systems Management, ICAR-National Academy of Agricultural Research and Management, Hyderabad) K. Akhila (Education Systems Management, ICAR-National Academy of Agricultural Research and Management, Hyderabad) Educational institutions have been using different instructional tools for the diffusion of knowledge. In fact, the present crisis has transformed the entire world's higher education system through videoconferencing based online learning since only the option to compensate for the compromised academic activities. This study aims at using the various kinds of instructional tools by students to engage effectively in the learning process, and constraints faced by them under different environments (Rural & Urban) during COVID. This research was carried by using an exploratory study conducted on 60 students, selected from one of the State Agricultural Universities. The questionnaire was prepared and modified into google form for data collection. The “Mann Whitney U” test was used to assess effectiveness of students by using instructional tools between the 2 groups', viz., Rural and Urban, which was computed based on p-values, analyzed by using IBM, SPSS version 25. To ascertain constraints, the content analysis, frequency and percentages were used. The knowledge, attitude and awareness showed urban students were more significant than rural expect extent of use of instructional tools. Constraints faced by the students who are from rural areas are internet connectivity and lack of infrastructure facilities and require more training compared to urban. It can be deduced that compared to rural, the students from urban learning environments were having more effectiveness in use of instructional tools during COVID. Pages: 45-49
Anju Kumari (Directorate of Human Recourse Management, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)
S. Senthi… |
