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Page: 262-269
Awgchew Shimelash Yasegnal (Department of Psychology, College of Education and Behavioral Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia)

Examining the influence of emotional intelligence on organizational citizenship behavior. Standard questionnaire was used to gather required data from 205 participant academic staffs selected using stratified random sampling technique. One sample t-test, independent t-test, correlation and linear regression were used as analysis techniques. The level of academic staffs' emotional intelligence and organizational citizenship behavior was found as significantly above average. Significant positive relationship was found between emotional intelligence and organizational citizenship behavior. The regression analysis indicated that emotional intelligence significantly predicts organizational citizenship behavior. There was significance difference on emotional intelligence and organizational citizenship behavior between male and female academic staffs. Academic staffs at BDU have the ability to know and control their emotion, motivate themselves, have empathy for the feelings of others and insight into how others feel and manage others emotions.

Page: 262-269Awgchew Shimelash Yasegnal (Department of Psychology, College of Education and Behavioral Sciences, Bahir Dar…

Page: 270-272
Tapas Pal1 and Ajoy Sarkar2 (Geography and In-charge of Centre for Differently Abled Persons, Raiganj University, West Bengal1 and Sayedpur Babhan Toli High School, Jhitkia, Uttar Dinajpur2)

Lockdown due to Covid-19 pandemic situation had started in India since 24th March 20201 and after that almost two years is going to be passed but it is very difficult to access digital education by the students of India properly though 'Digital India'1 was launched by Prime Minister of India on 1st July 2015.2 Actually Indian education system is not habituated with online education rather world knows Indian education for Ashram education/Tapoban education (Tagorian model of education) 3 and Gurukula education(ancient Indian education system where shisha living near to guru)4 where environment and students are connected with each other. Lockdown has braked this spiritual connection. Lockdown has insisted the students, teachers, and education system of India access education through digital mode where the morality, ethics, values, creativity, quality, practical knowledge, and field-based project work are affected adversely to some extent. Every corner of India may get the education through digital mode but whether the internet is present in every corner of India, whether all the Indian students have the capacity to buy the android phone and laptop, whether the uninterrupted internet high speed (5G or 10 gigabits per second) 5 is available everywhere, whether the teachers of India are habituated in the online education system, whether the Indian students and teachers access online teaching-learning education ethically, whether the controller of examinations to educational institutions is experienced in conducting digital examinations. So, there is a huge number of confusions are present in our contemporary education system to run digital education completely. Again, based on the last two years' teaching and evaluation system during a lockdown of the examination, it is experienced that almost all the students give the answers of the questions during online examination based on the pen-book method and they put the questions in google and take the answers from that. Even there are some students who do not write the answer scripts in their own handwriting rather they engage 2nd party to write it. In some cases, teachers do not check answer scripts properly and give marks just based on the roll numbers or names. In some cases, it is again observed that teacher has mistakenly provided the marks though the candidate has sent the answer-scripts in the relevant emails provided by the institution/department. Later when students saw the mark sheet without the marks on a particular paper, he/they fill up the scrutiny form with proper institutional fees, after that they pass the same paper with relevant marks. Now the question is why students will bear extra scrutiny charges due to the fault of the teacher's careless job during the checking of the answer scripts? Sometimes students join the online examination link to present their assignments but just after starting the presentation candidate leave the link and show the excuse for internet problem. Actually, the candidate has not done the assignment properly, and to hide this truth he/she does this type of malpractice. Thus, the blended learning or hybrid teaching method should be applied to the contemporary Indian education system. Moreover, the concept of 'Sustainable Thinking'6 must be incorporated in the development of moral education of the students and teachers.

Page: 270-272Tapas Pal1 and Ajoy Sarkar2 (Geography and In-charge of Centre for Differently Abled Persons…

Pages:114-117
Shilpa Kamboj and Sarvdeep Kohli (Department of Psychology, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana)

Cheating involves unauthorized utilization of data, resources, products or techniques in performing academic works. Academic dishonesty is a critical issue and generally spread among students. Some pupils cheat since they are extremely centred on external results like good marks; others cheat since they are focused on with sustaining a specific picture to themselves or to their associates; however others cheat simply because they lack the emotional maturity to indulge in complicated responsibilities or due to the forms of attributions they've created. There are many psychological factors behind academic dishonesty. In present study the point of focus is emotional maturity in relation to academic dishonesty among adolescents. For this purpose, a total sample of 150 school students of class 11th and 12th was selected from different schools. Tools utilized were emotional maturity scale and academic cheating scale. Results indicate that there is a significant relationship between emotional maturity and academic dishonesty. The results and implications have been discussed at length in the paper.

Pages:114-117Shilpa Kamboj and Sarvdeep Kohli (Department of Psychology, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana)

Pages:118-123
Wossen Getahun Abera (Department of Psychology, MA in Social Psychology, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia)

The main target of this research article was to know whether body image perception predicts self-esteem of high school adolescent students. To realize this linear regression analysis was computed. Apart from this, the article tried to assess the status of adolescent's body image perception and self-esteem via one samples t-test. Finally, the study identified sex differences among adolescent male and female students regarding body image perception and self-esteem by employing independent samples t-test. Participants of the study were 94 (male= 47 & female= 47) selected through stratified simple random sampling technique. According to results of the study, adolescent students had higher level of body image perception and self- esteem. On the other hand, finding of the study indicated that body image perception predicted self-esteem of adolescent students. Regarding sex disparity on body image perception and self-esteem among male and female adolescent students, there was no significant distinction between the two sex groups.

Pages:118-123Wossen Getahun Abera (Department of Psychology, MA in Social Psychology, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia)

Pages:124-128
Mohit Kumar Anand1, Mridula Bali2, and Pallavi Anand3 (Department of Sociology, University of Jammu, J&K1 Department of Psychology, University of Jammu, J&K2,3)

The Sustainable Development Goal-4 (SDG-4) calls for providing inclusive and quality education to all by 2030. The present research paper is based on the major issues involved in providing and getting quality education in the conflict-torn border areas of Jammu Division in the Union Territory of J&K which have also been exacerbated by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Since cross-border armed conflict has already been a huge challenge to the education system in the border areas, COVID-19 has exposed the system to such a level of non-functionality in those areas that the entire education system has come to the standstill. This can be attributed to a number of reasons including lack of digital connectivity, infrastructure, health issues arising due to the ongoing pandemic, lack of awareness among people, and cross-border disturbances. The study is an attempt to cover all these aspects and has also focused on how these issues have created a challenging situation both for the students and the government thereby posing serious negative impacts on the future of the students in particular and the attainment of SDG-4 in general.

Pages:124-128Mohit Kumar Anand1, Mridula Bali2, and Pallavi Anand3 (Department of Sociology, University of Jammu, J&K1…

Pages:129-134
Tarush and Monika Rikhi (Department of Applied Psychology, Sri Aurobindo College (Evening), University of Delhi, Delhi)

The pandemic has created an adverse effect in the work environment that has proven detrimental to the work perceptions. The current study aims to determine what factors contribute to workers' perceptions of job dimensions during the negative affect contexts. A total of 40 working participants were chosen, from 25-45-year-olds living in Delhi NCR. Out of which, 20 of the 40 participants were from the 'work from the category' and the other 20 from the 'field workers' category. Open-ended telephonic interviews were conducted. The qualitative analysis of the data revealed fifteen key themes related to possible job dimensions for work-from-home employees and field workers. The study answers the question regarding the impact of the negative affect generated by the COVID-19 lockdown on employees' working lives and job perceptions. The study has provided valuable insights into the various factors that operate in different workplace settings. This research paper also identifies how HR practitioners must think out of the box and bring forth the best strategies and redefine HR roles during the negative affect proposed by the COVID-19 lockdown conditions.

Pages:129-134Tarush and Monika Rikhi (Department of Applied Psychology, Sri Aurobindo College (Evening), University of Delhi…

Pages:135-141
Amanpreet Kaur and Sarita Saini (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

Mental health in simple terms is all about how we think, we feel and we behave. It determines our decisions and relations to others. Academic aspiration is also a related concept to mental health which is a big factor of stress in adolescents. 'Level of aspiration' means a standard or goal that a person sets for himself and hopes to reach the given performance. The present study was undertaken to examine the impact of educational aspiration on mental health of rural adolescents. The total sample comprised 200 adolescents studying in class 9th to +2 equally distributed across two genders (males=100 & females=100). The results revealed that, major proportion of the adolescents had good mental health with substantial number of adolescents having good overall educational aspiration. Furthermore, significant gender differences were observed at overall adjustment, security-insecurity and self-concept dimensions of mental health where boys were found to have low sense of safety, lacked harmonious balance but had good self-concept as compared to girls. Whereas, no significant gender differences were observed in educational aspiration. Overall mental health was found to be significantly positively correlated with overall educational aspiration. Also, significant positive contribution of educational aspiration was found on mental health.

Pages:135-141Amanpreet Kaur and Sarita Saini (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural University…

Pages:142-146
Pushpinder Singh (Department of Sociology, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab)

This paper addresses the question of social impact of Agrarian Reforms in Punjab. There has been the highest number of workforce involved in the agriculture sector in India and out of which majority of the people are still living in rural areas. Therefore, the study of agriculture, its development, its structure, its past, present and future holds the most significance. This study is an effort to evaluate the different social impact of major agrarian reforms that have been introduced in India and especially in Punjab through Social Impact Assessment (SIA). The agriculture sector is the largest in terms of people involved in it and contributes around one fifth in the GDP of the country. Accordingly, after the independence various agrarian reforms were introduced in the country and in the state of Punjab. These were related to land, tenants, farmer's income, market, taxes, procurement, rural development, irrigation, food security, co-operative societies, technological advancement and MSP etc. These reforms had brought in the constructive and destructive impacts on the agrarian society. In the state of Punjab the journey of people depended on agriculture has been paradoxical. Initially, the income of farmer's have been increased to a certain extent, which ultimately impacted the society towards more progressive path and afterwards the slowly creeping social negative impacts (mainly indebtedness & farmer's suicide) started emerging. So, in an emerging period of new agricultural Reforms, it is utmost important to assess the impacts of past reforms.

Pages:142-146Pushpinder Singh (Department of Sociology, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab)

Pages:147-151
Bisman Kaur and Tejpreet Kaur Kang (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

The study was conducted to explore the correlation of psychological capital and mental health among adolescents. The research was carried on 200 adolescents (Boys=100, Girls=100) in the age group of 14-17 years studying in Government Senior Secondary Schools of Ludhiana. The sample was randomly drawn from 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th grades. A self-structured General Information Sheet was used to gather the information about the demographic data of adolescents. Mental Health Battery by Singh and Sengupta and Psychological Capital Questionnaire by Luthans et al were the research instruments used to assess the status of adolescents' mental health and psychological capital. Significant gender differences existed which revealed that adolescent girls had significantly better mental health and psychological capital than adolescent boys. A significant positive correlation was found between mental health and psychological capital. From these results, it could be implied that these variables can be used as resources to positively impact the mental health of adolescents.

Pages:147-151Bisman Kaur and Tejpreet Kaur Kang (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural…

Pages:152-157
Jasvir Kaur, Deepika Vig, and Asha Chawla (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

The present study was conducted to study the family environment as determinant of mental health among rural adolescents. The study was based on 200 adolescents (i.e., 100 boys & 100 girls) .The sample was randomly selected from two Government Senior Secondary Schools of villages Bhaini Baringa and Talwandi Rai of Ludhiana district of Punjab. Adolescents living with an intact family and with at least one sibling and grandparent with them were the final respondents. Mental Health Battery (Singh & Gupta, 2000) and Family Environment Scale (Saini & Kaur, 2017) were used to assess the mental health and family environment of the adolescents, respectively. Results of the study revealed that majority of adolescents had very poor mental health and average level of family environment. Gender differences in the overall data with regards to family environment revealed significant differences at average level where proportion of adolescent girls was significantly higher than adolescent boys indicating that girls perceived their family environment to be average in every aspect as compared to male counterparts. Further, most of the family environment related variables were found to be significantly and positively correlated with the mental health of the adolescents except religious orientation, social connectedness and time spent together.

Pages:152-157Jasvir Kaur, Deepika Vig, and Asha Chawla (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab…

Pages:158-175
Shazia Hasnain1 and Santoshi Halder2 (Department of Education, Aliah University, Kolkata, West Bengal1 and Department of Education, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal2)

Task-based approach of teaching a second language is quite popular for improving the language skills of second and foreign language learners. The present study was conducted to understand the extent to which task-based approach has been implemented in different countries around the world and the age group of learners on whom the approach was applied. The study is a systematic review whereby 88 studies on task-based approach were selected and synthesized to find the trends related to the year-wise studies, the continents and countries where the studies were conducted, the type of studies conducted, and the academic background of the learners. The systematic review adds to the literature by providing an insight into the reasons behind the studies being conducted more in particular countries and on particular learners.

Pages:158-175Shazia Hasnain1 and Santoshi Halder2 (Department of Education, Aliah University, Kolkata, West Bengal1 and Department…

Pages:176-180
Gurinayat Brar1, Sahreet Kaur2, Aarav Ahuja3, Harman Singh Swani4, Miwan Singh Brar5, and Arnav Kachru6 (BSc Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry, Uk1, Class-12, Hopetown Girls School, Selakui, Uttrakhand2,
Class-12, Strawberry Fields High School, Sector 26, Chandigarh3, Class-11, Vivek High School, Sector 38B, Chandigarh4, and Class-12, Mayo College, Ajmer, Rajasthan5, and Class-12, Kodaikanal International School, Tamil Nadu6)

Advertisers are expected to alter their focus and spend millions of dollars on internet advertising in the future, rather than on television, print, or other traditional advertising mediums. With the exponential rise of technology, the internet has developed into a critical one-stop shop for customers in terms of purchasing the majority of their necessities. Whether for entertainment, communication, information retrieval, or shopping, the internet fulfils all of their demands. While the majority of consumers are online each day for personal reasons, do they take attention of the advertisements, banners placed on that web page, and most importantly, their memory value? The objective of this study is to identify the various forms of online advertising and to investigate how they influence customers' purchase behaviour. In this paper a survey was conducted by sending a questionnaire to 92 respondents. The aim of the questionnaire was to understand the impact of online advertising towards consumption behavior.

Pages:176-180Gurinayat Brar1, Sahreet Kaur2, Aarav Ahuja3, Harman Singh Swani4, Miwan Singh Brar5, and Arnav Kachru6…
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