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Pages: 99-103
Baskaur, Rashmi Tyagi, Vinod Kumari, and Satpal Singh Baloda (CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

The Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture is a centrally sponsored scheme. The main goal of this programme is to maximise the horticulture sector's potential, which includes fruits, vegetables, root and tuber crops, mushrooms, spices, flowers, fragrant plants, coconut, cashew, and cocoa. The present study was conducted in Fatehabad and Hisar districts of Haryana state. On the whole, 160 respondents were interviewed with the help of well-structured interview schedule. An attempt has been made to study the level of knowledge and adoption of MIDH among farmers and it was found that more than fifty percent of the respondents (56.8%) belonged to 36-50 years age group and had more than 6 lakh annual family income. Maximum number of the respondents (50.6%) had high level of mass- media exposure. The majority (78.1%) of the respondent had full knowledge about the pattern for planting fruit crops. Regarding the adoption of horticultural crops and production technology cent percent (100%) of the respondents had no adoption of crop scouting technology in horticultural crops. Ninety percent agreed that degraded land could be better utilized in horticultural crops. Regarding level of knowledge 70.6 percent of the respondents had high knowledge related to horticultural crops.

Pages: 99-103Baskaur, Rashmi Tyagi, Vinod Kumari, and Satpal Singh Baloda (CCS Haryana Agricultural University…

Pages: 104-107
Fahmeeda Zaidi (Department of Psychology, Shibli Nationl P.G. College, Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh)

In the current research the impact of gender difference on achievement motivation was studied. 200 undergraduate students (100 males & 100 females) taken in the sample. The Achievement Motivation Scale (AMS) by Shah (1986) was administered over the groups. This scale provides integrated score of achievement motivation and separate score for four dimensions of achievement motivation such as need for academic success, need for vocational achievement, need for social achievement and need for skill achievement. The statistical analysis of data was done using the Mean, S.D and t-test. Results revealed that the effect of gender difference on the level of Achievement motivation was found. The finding further affirmed that female students have greater achievement motivation than male students.

Pages: 104-107Fahmeeda Zaidi (Department of Psychology, Shibli Nationl P.G. College, Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh)

Pages: 108-113
Jaspreet Kaur, Asha Chawla, and Deepika Vig (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

The present investigation was conducted to study the school environment as determinant of mental health among rural adolescents. The study was based on 200 adolescents (i.e., 100 boys & 100 girls). The sample was purposively selected from Government Senior Schools of Fazilka District. Self-structured general information sheet was prepared to collect the general information of the adolescents. Mental Health Battery by Singh and Gupta (2000) and School Environment Scale (Misra, 2012) were used to assess the mental health and school environment of the adolescents. Results revealed that majority of adolescents had average mental health and school environment. Boys were found to be significantly better than their counterparts as well as in overall mental health except in the dimension of emotional stability where girls were found to be significantly better than boys at high level. Significant gender differences were observed in creative stimulation and permissiveness dimension of school environment where boys scored better than girls. School environment was found to be positively and significantly correlated with adjustment, autonomy, intelligence dimensions as well as overall mental health of adolescents. Cognitive encouragement of school environment contributed positively and significantly towards the mental health of the adolescents.

Pages: 108-113Jaspreet Kaur, Asha Chawla, and Deepika Vig (Department of Human Development and Family Studies…

Pages: 114-117
Neetu Dalal and Akanksha Sharma (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh University Institute of Applied Management Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

The study at hand explored the role of personal need for structure and leadership style in job satisfaction of IT employees. The sample comprised of 50 employees from IT sector from organisations based in Tricity, i.e., Chandigarh, Mohali, and Panchkula. The sample included both males in females as a part of the study. The subjects were between the age of 25-35 years. The sample was administered with Personal Need for Structure Scale, Leadership Behaviour Description Questionnaire and Job Satisfaction Survey. Data was analysed using correlation and t-test. The results of the study show that there is a significant difference in the job satisfaction of an employee as a result of varying levels of need for structure and the leadership style.

Pages: 114-117Neetu Dalal and Akanksha Sharma (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh University Institute of…

Pages: 118-126
Rohini Thapar and Sherry Brar (Department of Psychology, D.A.V. College, Chandigarh)

The current study attempts to investigate counterproductive work behavior (CWB) in relation to personality traits of police personnel. CWB are group of behaviors that are involved in intentional violation of organizational norms, whereby, an individual deliberately harms organization and co-workers. Consequently, such behavior adversely affects work- efficiency of the organization and damages its reputation. The objective of this study was to investigate CWB in relation to Short Dark Triad personality traits (an important underlying factor of CWB) on police personnel. For this study two hundred police personnel aged between 30-45 years, at the rank of Inspector, Sub-Inspector and assistant Sub-Inspector were selected. To screen counter-productivity, a 32 item CWB-Check-list (Spector & Fox et al., 2006) a multidimensional self-report checklist measuring abuse, production deviance, theft and withdraw had been applied. Also, for measuring personality Short Dark Triad Scale (Jones & Paulhus, 2014) a twenty seven item multidimensional self-report inventory measuring dimensions like machiavellianism subclinical- narcissism and psychopathy had been utilized. The results suggested that although police-personnel were low on dimensions of both counterproductive work behavior tendencies and Short Dark Triad (SD3) yet, there emerged a positive relationship amongst them, indicating that these dark personality traits are important predictors of counterproductive work behavior.

Pages: 118-126Rohini Thapar and Sherry Brar (Department of Psychology, D.A.V. College, Chandigarh)

Pages: 127-129
Nayanika Singh1, Aditi Pant2, and Phaguni Kataria3 (Mahatma Gandhi State Institute of Public Administration, Chandigarh1 and Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh2,3)

The age group of 10-19 years which is between the stages of childhood and adulthood can be understood as that of adolescence. This stage includes biological growth as well as crucial social role shifts. The objective for this paper was to study the effect of gender on self-regulation which is to manage and monitor one's energy states as well as the effect of gender on quality of life which can be understood as an individual's perception of their position in life. This research focuses on college students from 17-19 years. This research involved 100 students from Delhi NCR region which were 50 male and 50 female. This research revealed that male have comparatively lower self regulation in comparison to female counterparts.

Pages: 127-129Nayanika Singh1, Aditi Pant2, and Phaguni Kataria3 (Mahatma Gandhi State Institute of Public Administration…

Pages: 130-133
Kuldeep (Department of Education, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affect the children social communication and interaction such as deficits social emotional, nonverbal communication and development, maintaining or understanding relationships), and restrictive / stereotyped, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interest or activities. Purpose of this article is an overview of autism spectrum disorder, causes, diagnostic tools and strength and challenges of children with autism. In India, for diagnosis of autism “Indian Scale for Autism Assessment (ISAA)”, “Chandigarh Autism Screening Instrument (CASI)” and M-CHAT are used.

Pages: 130-133Kuldeep (Department of Education, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

Pages: 134-136
U. Vijayabanu and S. Nandhini (Department of Psychology, Bhaktavatsalam Memorial College for Women, Chennai, Tamil Nadu)

School is the place where a student learns not only language, maths or science, but also value, righteous behaviour, discipline and self-control. When a child sits in the class for 30-40 minutes, he/she learns to delay the gratification of physiological needs and thereby to control the psychological tensions. They also learn societal norms and appropriate social behaviour they learn concepts by interacting with teachers and peer group. During pandemic the children missed out all these interactions. Hence the present study aimed at identifying the impact of pandemic in learning process. Qualitative research design was used in this present study. Children in the age group of 5 to 7 are the sample. Using purposive sampling technique, parents and teachers 15 each was selected and in-depth interview was conducted to elucidate the impact created by pandemic on learning. Thematic analysis of the information collected was analysed and interpreted into major categories as emotional, social, academic and non-academic. It was found that pandemic had resulted in tremendous change in the behavioural pattern of the children, their attention span was reduced, and most of the children had problem in reading and writing in their mother tongue. However, they are excited about going to school as they like to be with their friends. Children developed more interest in extra-curricular activities like drawing, singing and dancing than academics. The present study implied the importance of parent's role in bringing self-control and the need for training the teachers to handle the online classes more effectively.

Pages: 134-136U. Vijayabanu and S. Nandhini (Department of Psychology, Bhaktavatsalam Memorial College for Women, Chennai…

Pages: 137-145
Rohini Thapar and Shubhra Jain (Department of Psychology, D.A.V. College, Chandigarh)

According to Webster Dictionary (2021), addition is defined as a "compulsive, chronic, physiological or psychological need for and use of a habit-forming substance, behaviour, or activity having harmful physical, psychological or social effects characterized by tolerance and typically causing well-defined symptoms upon withdrawal or abstinence". As the penetration of smartphone in this 21st century increases, a highly significant increase in the usage of this device is seen especially amongst the younger generation (Bianchi & Phillips, 2005). Now, with the facility of operating internet-based activity in the Smartphone and with its all-time convenient accessibility, its usage is soon turning into an abuse. Hence, the aim of the present research is to investigate the relationship between internet addiction and big five-personality traits among smartphone addicted female adolescents. For this purpose, Internet Addiction Test by Young (1998); Smart Phone Addiction Scale by Kwon and Lee (2013); and Big Five Inventory by John, Donahue, and Kentel (1991); and SES Scale (Singh et al., revised, 2017) were administered. The study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, Internet Addiction Test by Young (1998) and Socio-economic Status scale was administered and in the second phase, adolescents who scored more than 20 on Internet Addiction Test and those who belonged to middle-class socio-economic status were selected for the further study. A sample of 100 female adolescents in the age range of 15-18 years, studying in various private schools of Delhi and National Capital Regions (NCR) were thereby taken into consideration. Only students coming from two parent intact family and those possessing and using a personal smart phone for at least last 6 months were selected for the study. The students who were using either their parent's or any other family members' phone were not included. Purposive Sampling method was used for this study to ensure the homogeneity of the sample. Adolescent girls were moderately addicted to both internet and their smartphones. Results clearly exhibited that both internet addiction and smartphone addiction were related, but separate forms of addictions, having different personality correlates. Girls who were introverts and were less imaginative, creative or open minded but rather conventional were more prone to both forms of addiction. Whereas those girls who were less conscientious were higher on internet addiction, and perhaps found safe haven there, which may be reduced their anxieties and made them feel secure.

Pages: 137-145Rohini Thapar and Shubhra Jain (Department of Psychology, D.A.V. College, Chandigarh)

Pages: 146-149
Preeti1, Vinod Kumari2, and Mahak3 (Department of Sociology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana1,2 and Department of Pathology, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana3)

Menstruation is a natural physiological process that women only experience after they reach puberty. However, it has always been shrouded by taboos and superstitions that restrict women from participating in many socio-cultural aspects of their lives. Until now, menstruation is considered as taboo in India and associated with various myths and restrictions. Menstrual taboos and prohibitions affect girls’ and women's psychological health, perspective, lifestyle and most importantly, reproductive health. Girls' lack of awareness and understanding about adolescence, menstruation and their reproductive health makes it challenging to address menstruation's taboos and beliefs. The aim of this study is to bring attention to widespread menstrual myths/taboos and restrictions in India, as well as their menstrual hygiene practices and their impact on women's lives and health, as well as the importance of addressing these problems in basic care.

Pages: 146-149Preeti1, Vinod Kumari2, and Mahak3 (Department of Sociology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana1,2…

Pages: 150-154
Lida Mansoori and Yagyima Nehabala (Department of Psychology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab)

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted almost everyone in the world. So, to prevent the virus from spreading as people were encouraged to self-quarantine in their homes. The lockdown had serious consequences on the mental health of people, causing issues such as stress, frustration, and depression. The psychological reactions of the people have a key role in influencing both the transmission of the disease and the occurrence of emotional anguish and social disorder during and after an infectious disease outbreak. Despite this, adequate resources are rarely provided to manage or mitigate the consequences of pandemics on mental health and well-being. Maladaptive behaviors, emotional distress, and defensive responses are all psychological responses to pandemics. Particularly those are more at risk who are genetically inclined to mental disease. According to surveys, the COVID-19 epidemic has influenced the state of friendship among many adults in the United States. Nearly 60% of young women said they lost contact with a few acquaintances during the pandemic, while 16% said they lost contact with most or all of their pals (Cherry, 2022). The mental health of people has suffered greatly as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The unprecedented level of uncertainty connected with the pandemic could contribute to stress and anxiety, particularly among people who have a high tolerance for uncertainty (Rettie & Daniels, 2021). The current study examined the experiences faced by students in higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic. To explore the effect of Loneliness and Stress among Afghan students in India during COVID-19 Pandemic a correlational study was conducted. 156 Afghan students (Bachelor's, Master's, & Ph.D. students) from age (18-25) years old living in India participated in this study. 7-item COVID-19 Student Stress Questionnaire (CSSQ) and UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3) were used in this study. Correlational analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between loneliness and stress. It was found that the level of stress among Afghan students living in India during a COVID-19 pandemic was moderate. Students reported rising mental health problems related to isolation, anxiety of social gatherings, and changes in connections with teachers and peers. And there was a high positive correlation between the three dimensions (isolation, relationship & academic life, & fear of contagion) of the 7-item COVID-19 Student Stress Questionnaire. It was also found that students were suffering from loneliness and isolation at a moderate level because, on the internet, students were no more able to reveal their "real" or inner self to others than they were in face-to-face settings. Therefore, situational factors like moving to a new place, physical isolation, and divorce can all cause loneliness in this context (David, 2015).

Pages: 150-154Lida Mansoori and Yagyima Nehabala (Department of Psychology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab)

Pages: 155-159
Nabila Khuram1 and Ravneet Kaur2 (Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab1 and Department of Psychology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab2)

People's reaction to situations or event is affected by perceptions and their cognitive evaluation of those situations. The purpose of this research is to obtain the relationship of depression with attribution styles in the context of the war on Afghan youth. This research is descriptive and correlation study. 250 youth (male & female) in (high school, bachelor's, Master's, & Ph.D. degrees). from age (18-30) years old, who live in Afghanistan during the war and they completed Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ). The correlation analysis finding shows that there was a negative correlation between depression and attribution effort failure, attribution mood failure, attribution ability success, and attribution effort success. Further, the result shows that depression has a significant positive correlation with attribution ability failure and attribution mood success.

Pages: 155-159Nabila Khuram1 and Ravneet Kaur2 (Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab1 and Department of Psychology, Chandigarh…
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