International Journal of Education and Management Studies (IJEMS) is an indexed, peer-reviewed and refereed journal published quarterly by the Indian Association of Health, Research, and Welfare (IAHRW). International Journal of
Education and Management Studies likely aims to promote research and
knowledge dissemination in the fields of education and management. Its
objectives include fostering academic discussions on innovative teaching
methodologies, educational policies, leadership strategies, human resource
management, and organizational behavior. The journal focuses on areas such as
pedagogy, curriculum development, educational psychology, business management,
entrepreneurship, and corporate governance. Its goals are to publish
high-quality, peer-reviewed research, encourage interdisciplinary
collaboration, and contribute to the practical application of education and
management theories for academic and professional growth. The journal is indexed with ProQuest, ProQuest Central, J-Gate, and National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS) Rating 4.58. IJEMS is being published regularly since 2011. For more details write to us to iahrw2019@gmail.com
Editor-in-Chief: Sunil Saini, PhD, Editorial Office: 1245/18, Moh. Sainian, Hisar, Haryana, India
Email: iahrw2019@gmail.com
Phone: 9255442103, 7988885490
Publisher: IAHRW Publications
ISSN: 2231-5632 (print version)
ISSN: 2321-3671 (electronic version)
Frequency: Quarterly (March, June, September and December)
Indexing: ProQuest, ProQuest Central, Index Copernicus International, J-Gate, Questia Library, Technion Israel Institute of Technology Library, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS) Rating 4.58
CHIEF EDITOR
Sunil Saini, PhD
Indian Association of Health, Research and Welfare, Hisar, Haryana, India
EDITORS
David Bennett, PhD, Charisma University, USA S. C. Kundu, PhD, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar
B.K. Punia, PhD, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar
Mahesh Thakur, PhD, Karve Institute of Social Sciences, Pune
Jaspreet Kaur, PhD, Punjabi University, Patiala
Vandana Punia, PhD, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana
Munish Nagpal, PhD, Deputy Commissioner, Govt of Haryana
Sangeeta Trama, PhD, Punjabi University Patiala
Sandeep Singh, PhD, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana
Editor-in-Chief: Sunil Saini, PhD, Editorial Office: 1245/18, Moh. Sainian, Hisar, Haryana, India
Email: iahrw2019@gmail.com
Phone: 9255442103
Publisher: IAHRW
ISSN: 2231-5632 (print version)
ISSN: 2321-3671 (electronic version)
Frequency: Quarterly
Indexing: ProQuest, ProQuest Central, Index Copernicus International, J-Gate, Questia Library, Technion Israel Institute of Technology Library
Author’s guidelines:
International Journal of Education and Management Studies (IJEMS) is a peer-reviewed research journal published quarterly by Indian Association of Health, Research and Welfare. The IJEMS is indexed with ProQuest, J-Gate, etc. The journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of scientific excellence in the area of Education, Psychology and Management Studies and other related fields. IJEMS is published Quarterly (March, June, September and December).
Manuscripts should be submitted in the format outlined in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th edition) and should be sent via email at iahrw2010@gmail.com. The papers are reviewed by professional reviewers who have specialized expertise in the respective area, and to judge the quality of the paper in a time bound and confidential manner. The paper shall be review by double blind review process.
Permission
Authors wishing to include figures, tables, or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
Online Submission
Please follow the hyperlink “Submit online” on the right and upload all of your manuscript files following the instructions given on the screen.
The title page should include:
• The name(s) of the author(s)
• A concise and informative title
• The affiliation(s) and address(es) of the author(s)
• The e-mail address, and telephone number(s) of the corresponding author
Abstract
Please provide an abstract of 150 to 250 words. The abstract should not contain any undefined abbreviations or unspecified references.
Keywords
Please provide 4 to 6 keywords which can be used for indexing purposes.
Main Text
Manuscripts should be submitted in Word.
Tables
Tables should be as per APA format
References
References should be as per APA format as follows
• Journal article
Panda, T., Lamba, V., Goyal, N., Saini, S., Boora, S., Cruz. (2018). Psychometric Testing in Schools. Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, 8(2), 213–245.
• Article by DOI
Slifka, M. K., & Whitton, J. L. (2000) Clinical implications of dysregulated cytokine production. Journal of Molecular Medicine, doi:10.1007/s001090000086
• Book
Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal publication. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
• Book chapter
O’Neil, J. M., & Egan, J. (1992). Men’s and women’s gender role journeys: Metaphor for healing, transition, and transformation. In B. R. Wainrib (Ed.), Gender issues across the life cycle (pp. 107–123). New York: Springer.
• Online document
Abou-Allaban, Y., Dell, M. L., Greenberg, W., Lomax, J., Peteet, J., Torres, M., & Cowell, V. (2006). Religious/spiritual commitments and psychiatric practice. Resource document. American Psychiatric Association.
https://web.archive.org/web/20100308014645/http://www.psych.org:80/edu/other_res/lib_archives/archives/200604.pdf. Accessed 25 June 2007.
Copyright form
Authors will be asked to transfer copyright of the article to the Publisher (or grant the Publisher exclusive publication and dissemination rights). This will ensure the widest possible protection and dissemination of information under copyright laws.
Proof reading
The purpose of the proof is to check for typesetting or conversion errors and the completeness and accuracy of the text, tables and figures. Substantial changes in content, e.g., new results, corrected values, title and authorship, are not allowed without the approval of the Editor. After online publication, further changes can only be made in the form of an Erratum, which will be hyperlinked to the article.
Ethical Guidelines for the author
• Authors should adhere to publication requirements that submitted work is original and has not been published elsewhere in any language. Work should not be submitted concurrently to more than one publication unless the editors have agreed to co-publication. If articles are co-published this fact should be made clear to readers.
• Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) should be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement.
• Relevant previous work and publications, both by other researchers and the authors’ own, should be properly acknowledged and referenced.
• Data, text, figures or ideas originated by other researchers should be properly acknowledged and should not be presented as if they were the authors’ own
• All sources of research funding, including direct and indirect financial support, supply of equipment or materials, and other support (such as specialist statistical or writing assistance) should be disclosed.
• Authors should disclose the role of the research funder(s) or sponsor (if any) in the research design, execution, analysis, interpretation and reporting
• The research literature serves as a record not only of what has been discovered but also of who made the discovery. The authorship of research publications should therefore accurately reflect individuals’ contributions to the work and its reporting.
• In cases where major contributors are listed as authors while those who made less substantial, or purely technical, contributions to the research or to the publication are listed in an acknowledgement section, the criteria for authorship and acknowledgement should be agreed at the start of the project.
• Researchers should ensure that only those individuals who meet authorship criteria (i.e. made a substantial contribution to the work) are rewarded with authorship and that deserving authors are not omitted. Institutions and journal editors should encourage practices that prevent guest, gift, and ghost authorship.
• All authors should agree to be listed and should approve the submitted and accepted versions of the publication. Any change to the author list should be approved by all authors including any who have been removed from the list. The corresponding author should act as a point of contact between the editor and the other authors and should keep co-authors informed and involve them in major decisions about the publication (e.g. responding to reviewers’ comments).
• Authors should work with the editor or publisher to correct their work promptly if errors or omissions are discovered after publication.
• Authors should abide by relevant conventions, requirements, and regulations to make materials, reagents, software or datasets available to other researchers who request them. Researchers, institutions, and funders should have clear policies for handling such requests. Authors must also follow relevant journal standards. While proper acknowledgement is expected, researchers should not demand authorship as a condition for sharing materials.
• Authors should follow publishers’ requirements that work is not submitted to more than one publication for consideration at the same time.
• Authors should inform the editor if they withdraw their work from review, or choose not to respond to reviewer comments after receiving a conditional acceptance.
• Authors should respond to reviewers’ comments in a professional and timely manner.
• Appropriate approval, licensing or registration should be obtained before the research begins and details should be provided in the report (e.g. Institutional Review Board, Research Ethics Committee approval, national licensing authorities for the use of animals).
• If requested by editors, authors should supply evidence that reported research received the appropriate approval and was carried out ethically (e.g. copies of approvals, licences, participant consent forms).
• Researchers should not generally publish or share identifiable individual data collected in the course of research without specific consent from the individual (or their representative). Researchers should remember that many scholarly journals are now freely available on the internet, and should therefore be mindful of the risk of causing danger or upset to unintended readers (e.g. research participants or their families who recognise themselves from case studies, descriptions, images or pedigrees).
• The appropriate statistical analyses should be determined at the start of the study and a data analysis plan for the prespecified outcomes should be prepared and followed.
• Researchers should publish all meaningful research results that might contribute to understanding. In particular, there is an ethical responsibility to publish the findings of all clinical trials. The publication of unsuccessful studies or experiments that reject a hypothesis may help prevent others from wasting time and resources on similar projects. If findings from small studies and those that fail to reach statistically significant results can be combined to produce more useful information (e.g. by meta-analysis) then such findings should be published.
• Authors should supply research protocols to journal editors if requested (e.g. for clinical trials) so that reviewers and editors can compare the research report to the protocol to check that it was carried out as planned and that no relevant details have been omitted. Researchers should follow relevant requirements for clinical trial registration and should include the trial registration number in all publications arising from the trial.
Editor-in-Chief: Sunil Saini, PhD, Editorial Office: 1245/18, Moh. Sainian, Hisar, Haryana, India
Email: iahrw2019@gmail.com,
Phone: 9255442103
Publisher: IAHRW
ISSN: 2231-5632 (print version)
ISSN: 2321-3671 (electronic version)
Frequency: Quarterly
Indexing: ProQuest, ProQuest Central, J-Gate, Questia Library, Technion Israel Institute of Technology Library
Peer Review
All content of the International Journal of Education and Management Studies is subject to peer-review. The Editor first checks and evaluates the submitted manuscript, examining its fit and quality regarding its significance, manuscript format, research quality. If it is suitable for potential pubication, the Editor directs the manuscript for Plagiarism check, and the minimum similarity acceptable is below 20% without references. After that, editor directs the manuscript to two reviewers, with both being experts in the field. This journal employs double-blind review, wehre the author and referee remains anonymous througout the process. Referees are asked to avaluate whetehr the manuscript is original, makes a theoretical contribution to the study, methodoogy is sound, follos appropriate ethical guidelines, whether the results are clearly presented and sufficient supporting studies are given and support the conclusion. The time for evaluation is approximately one month. The Editor’s decision will be sent to the author with recommendations made by the referees. Revised manuscripts might be returned to the initial referees who may then request another revision of the manuscript. After both reviewer’s feedback, the Editor decides if the manuscript will be rejected, accepted with revision needed or accepted for publication. The Editor’s decision is final. Regerees advise the Editor, who is responsible for the final decision to accept or reject the article.
Compaint policy
We ain to respond to and resolve all complaints quickly. All complaints will be acknowledged within a week. For all matters related to the policies, procedures, editorial content, and actions of the editorial staff, the decision of the Editor-in-Chief shall be final. The procedure to make a complaint is easy. It can be made by writing an email to editor: iahrw@iahrw.org
Confict of Interest Policy
Transparency and objectiity in research are essential for publication in this journal. These principles are strictily followed in our peer review process and decision of publication. Manuscript submissions are assigned to reviewers in an effort to minimize potential conflicts of interest. After papers are assigned, individual reviewers are required to inform the editor-in-chief of any conflict.
Pages: 114-117 The study at hand explored the role of personal need for structure and leadership style in job satisfaction of IT employees. The sample comprised of 50 employees from IT sector from organisations based in Tricity, i.e., Chandigarh, Mohali, and Panchkula. The sample included both males in females as a part of the study. The subjects were between the age of 25-35 years. The sample was administered with Personal Need for Structure Scale, Leadership Behaviour Description Questionnaire and Job Satisfaction Survey. Data was analysed using correlation and t-test. The results of the study show that there is a significant difference in the job satisfaction of an employee as a result of varying levels of need for structure and the leadership style. Pages: 114-117Neetu Dalal and Akanksha Sharma (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh University Institute of… |
Pages: 118-126 The current study attempts to investigate counterproductive work behavior (CWB) in relation to personality traits of police personnel. CWB are group of behaviors that are involved in intentional violation of organizational norms, whereby, an individual deliberately harms organization and co-workers. Consequently, such behavior adversely affects work- efficiency of the organization and damages its reputation. The objective of this study was to investigate CWB in relation to Short Dark Triad personality traits (an important underlying factor of CWB) on police personnel. For this study two hundred police personnel aged between 30-45 years, at the rank of Inspector, Sub-Inspector and assistant Sub-Inspector were selected. To screen counter-productivity, a 32 item CWB-Check-list (Spector & Fox et al., 2006) a multidimensional self-report checklist measuring abuse, production deviance, theft and withdraw had been applied. Also, for measuring personality Short Dark Triad Scale (Jones & Paulhus, 2014) a twenty seven item multidimensional self-report inventory measuring dimensions like machiavellianism subclinical- narcissism and psychopathy had been utilized. The results suggested that although police-personnel were low on dimensions of both counterproductive work behavior tendencies and Short Dark Triad (SD3) yet, there emerged a positive relationship amongst them, indicating that these dark personality traits are important predictors of counterproductive work behavior. Pages: 118-126Rohini Thapar and Sherry Brar (Department of Psychology, D.A.V. College, Chandigarh) |
Pages: 127-129 The age group of 10-19 years which is between the stages of childhood and adulthood can be understood as that of adolescence. This stage includes biological growth as well as crucial social role shifts. The objective for this paper was to study the effect of gender on self-regulation which is to manage and monitor one's energy states as well as the effect of gender on quality of life which can be understood as an individual's perception of their position in life. This research focuses on college students from 17-19 years. This research involved 100 students from Delhi NCR region which were 50 male and 50 female. This research revealed that male have comparatively lower self regulation in comparison to female counterparts. Pages: 127-129Nayanika Singh1, Aditi Pant2, and Phaguni Kataria3 (Mahatma Gandhi State Institute of Public Administration… |
Pages: 130-133 Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affect the children social communication and interaction such as deficits social emotional, nonverbal communication and development, maintaining or understanding relationships), and restrictive / stereotyped, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interest or activities. Purpose of this article is an overview of autism spectrum disorder, causes, diagnostic tools and strength and challenges of children with autism. In India, for diagnosis of autism “Indian Scale for Autism Assessment (ISAA)”, “Chandigarh Autism Screening Instrument (CASI)” and M-CHAT are used. Pages: 130-133Kuldeep (Department of Education, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, Haryana) |
Pages: 134-136 School is the place where a student learns not only language, maths or science, but also value, righteous behaviour, discipline and self-control. When a child sits in the class for 30-40 minutes, he/she learns to delay the gratification of physiological needs and thereby to control the psychological tensions. They also learn societal norms and appropriate social behaviour they learn concepts by interacting with teachers and peer group. During pandemic the children missed out all these interactions. Hence the present study aimed at identifying the impact of pandemic in learning process. Qualitative research design was used in this present study. Children in the age group of 5 to 7 are the sample. Using purposive sampling technique, parents and teachers 15 each was selected and in-depth interview was conducted to elucidate the impact created by pandemic on learning. Thematic analysis of the information collected was analysed and interpreted into major categories as emotional, social, academic and non-academic. It was found that pandemic had resulted in tremendous change in the behavioural pattern of the children, their attention span was reduced, and most of the children had problem in reading and writing in their mother tongue. However, they are excited about going to school as they like to be with their friends. Children developed more interest in extra-curricular activities like drawing, singing and dancing than academics. The present study implied the importance of parent's role in bringing self-control and the need for training the teachers to handle the online classes more effectively. Pages: 134-136U. Vijayabanu and S. Nandhini (Department of Psychology, Bhaktavatsalam Memorial College for Women, Chennai… |
Pages: 137-145 According to Webster Dictionary (2021), addition is defined as a "compulsive, chronic, physiological or psychological need for and use of a habit-forming substance, behaviour, or activity having harmful physical, psychological or social effects characterized by tolerance and typically causing well-defined symptoms upon withdrawal or abstinence". As the penetration of smartphone in this 21st century increases, a highly significant increase in the usage of this device is seen especially amongst the younger generation (Bianchi & Phillips, 2005). Now, with the facility of operating internet-based activity in the Smartphone and with its all-time convenient accessibility, its usage is soon turning into an abuse. Hence, the aim of the present research is to investigate the relationship between internet addiction and big five-personality traits among smartphone addicted female adolescents. For this purpose, Internet Addiction Test by Young (1998); Smart Phone Addiction Scale by Kwon and Lee (2013); and Big Five Inventory by John, Donahue, and Kentel (1991); and SES Scale (Singh et al., revised, 2017) were administered. The study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, Internet Addiction Test by Young (1998) and Socio-economic Status scale was administered and in the second phase, adolescents who scored more than 20 on Internet Addiction Test and those who belonged to middle-class socio-economic status were selected for the further study. A sample of 100 female adolescents in the age range of 15-18 years, studying in various private schools of Delhi and National Capital Regions (NCR) were thereby taken into consideration. Only students coming from two parent intact family and those possessing and using a personal smart phone for at least last 6 months were selected for the study. The students who were using either their parent's or any other family members' phone were not included. Purposive Sampling method was used for this study to ensure the homogeneity of the sample. Adolescent girls were moderately addicted to both internet and their smartphones. Results clearly exhibited that both internet addiction and smartphone addiction were related, but separate forms of addictions, having different personality correlates. Girls who were introverts and were less imaginative, creative or open minded but rather conventional were more prone to both forms of addiction. Whereas those girls who were less conscientious were higher on internet addiction, and perhaps found safe haven there, which may be reduced their anxieties and made them feel secure. Pages: 137-145Rohini Thapar and Shubhra Jain (Department of Psychology, D.A.V. College, Chandigarh) |
Pages: 146-149 Menstruation is a natural physiological process that women only experience after they reach puberty. However, it has always been shrouded by taboos and superstitions that restrict women from participating in many socio-cultural aspects of their lives. Until now, menstruation is considered as taboo in India and associated with various myths and restrictions. Menstrual taboos and prohibitions affect girls’ and women's psychological health, perspective, lifestyle and most importantly, reproductive health. Girls' lack of awareness and understanding about adolescence, menstruation and their reproductive health makes it challenging to address menstruation's taboos and beliefs. The aim of this study is to bring attention to widespread menstrual myths/taboos and restrictions in India, as well as their menstrual hygiene practices and their impact on women's lives and health, as well as the importance of addressing these problems in basic care. Pages: 146-149Preeti1, Vinod Kumari2, and Mahak3 (Department of Sociology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana1,2… |
Pages: 150-154 The COVID-19 pandemic impacted almost everyone in the world. So, to prevent the virus from spreading as people were encouraged to self-quarantine in their homes. The lockdown had serious consequences on the mental health of people, causing issues such as stress, frustration, and depression. The psychological reactions of the people have a key role in influencing both the transmission of the disease and the occurrence of emotional anguish and social disorder during and after an infectious disease outbreak. Despite this, adequate resources are rarely provided to manage or mitigate the consequences of pandemics on mental health and well-being. Maladaptive behaviors, emotional distress, and defensive responses are all psychological responses to pandemics. Particularly those are more at risk who are genetically inclined to mental disease. According to surveys, the COVID-19 epidemic has influenced the state of friendship among many adults in the United States. Nearly 60% of young women said they lost contact with a few acquaintances during the pandemic, while 16% said they lost contact with most or all of their pals (Cherry, 2022). The mental health of people has suffered greatly as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The unprecedented level of uncertainty connected with the pandemic could contribute to stress and anxiety, particularly among people who have a high tolerance for uncertainty (Rettie & Daniels, 2021). The current study examined the experiences faced by students in higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic. To explore the effect of Loneliness and Stress among Afghan students in India during COVID-19 Pandemic a correlational study was conducted. 156 Afghan students (Bachelor's, Master's, & Ph.D. students) from age (18-25) years old living in India participated in this study. 7-item COVID-19 Student Stress Questionnaire (CSSQ) and UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3) were used in this study. Correlational analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between loneliness and stress. It was found that the level of stress among Afghan students living in India during a COVID-19 pandemic was moderate. Students reported rising mental health problems related to isolation, anxiety of social gatherings, and changes in connections with teachers and peers. And there was a high positive correlation between the three dimensions (isolation, relationship & academic life, & fear of contagion) of the 7-item COVID-19 Student Stress Questionnaire. It was also found that students were suffering from loneliness and isolation at a moderate level because, on the internet, students were no more able to reveal their "real" or inner self to others than they were in face-to-face settings. Therefore, situational factors like moving to a new place, physical isolation, and divorce can all cause loneliness in this context (David, 2015). Pages: 150-154Lida Mansoori and Yagyima Nehabala (Department of Psychology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab) |
Pages: 155-159 People's reaction to situations or event is affected by perceptions and their cognitive evaluation of those situations. The purpose of this research is to obtain the relationship of depression with attribution styles in the context of the war on Afghan youth. This research is descriptive and correlation study. 250 youth (male & female) in (high school, bachelor's, Master's, & Ph.D. degrees). from age (18-30) years old, who live in Afghanistan during the war and they completed Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ). The correlation analysis finding shows that there was a negative correlation between depression and attribution effort failure, attribution mood failure, attribution ability success, and attribution effort success. Further, the result shows that depression has a significant positive correlation with attribution ability failure and attribution mood success. Pages: 155-159Nabila Khuram1 and Ravneet Kaur2 (Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab1 and Department of Psychology, Chandigarh… |
Page: 01-10 Academic achievement serves as an indicator of student's future and their educational status in society. Underachievement is a major concern for parents and teachers in the intensely competitive world. It occurs due to many factors such as individual, personal, family, school, or socio-economic background. Inefficient teaching and poor school structure in rural places are hardly ever mentioned by parents and/or teachers, and they play a significant role in demotivating students. It is imperative to understand and evaluate the essence of the problem faced by the underachievers, irrespective of the implementation of favourable schemes and educational rules, chiefly related to rural students. Thus, the present study aims at a new perspective, with an earnest attempt to throw light on the most challenging problems faced in the present educational system. For this purpose, 528 rural low socio-economic status students were selected for an IQ screening test, and among them, 292 students (159 achieving students & 133 underachieving students) were selected as final samples for data collection, by using the Judgmental sampling technique. Discriminant functional analysis are used for finding out the predictive factor responsible for underachievement. It was concluded that low self-esteem is one of the vital determinants of underachievement. Page: 01-10Cindhu Menaka (Department of Psychology, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu) |
Page: 11-16 Education is a fundamental requirement of life. It is a crucial instrument that contributes to the overall growth and development of the country. Quality education lays the groundwork for societal egalitarianism.“People may widen all of their attributes and talents via quality education, allowing them to reach their full potential as human beings and members of society”. School Education Quality Index is a very important matter to be achieved. Therefore, researcher has chosen to work on the quality index of top government schools of Delhi. The present paper explains various factors, factors influencing the quality index of schools and assess the quality index of top Delhi government schools. It mentions the list of top Delhi government schools on the basis of their percentage of results and based on their quality index. Since it is important to measure the components to identify the quality index of a school, researcher has done a detailed analysis about teaching and non-teaching faculties, infrastructure of the institution, methods to assess students and other extra-curricular activities of Delhi government schools. Page: 11-16Divya Mann (District Institute of Education and Training, Keshavpuram, Delhi) |
Page: 17-21 For the present study a sample of 80 working women (40 from corporate organizations & 40 from educational institutions) were selected to determine their psychosocial profile differences as shaped by their job structure and also as they play the dual role of managing families and fulfilling job requirements. The variables selected as psychosocial profile factors were anxiety, defense mechanism and locus of control. These variables were considered relevant and applicable since working women have to constantly balance varied ends together, reach job targets, satisfy others at home and at work and also derive a sense of self-fulfillment and appreciation which maybe blended with both success and failure. In addition to this, working women face the transitions in job markets, associated stresses in the positions offered to them and discrimination centering around gender, pay and other facilities/benefits as received. The results obtained from the present study revealed that the two groups of working women did not differ significantly with respect to the variables of anxiety, defense mechanisms and locus of control. However, the mean score of Locus of Control, State Anxiety, Trait Anxiety, Defense Mechanisms of Turning Against Object, Projection and Principalization were higher in case of women working in educational institutions. The mean score of Defemse Mechanisms of Turning Against Self and Reversal were higher in case of women working in corporate organizations. Thus the psychosocial orientations of both the groups, though marginally different in terms of mean scores of the variables, essentially revealed homogeneity of the chosen sample of working women and the overall psyche of women in general. Page: 17-21Sayantani Chatterjee (Department of Psychology, Loreto College, Kolkata, West Bengal) |
