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Page: 217-220
Harmilan Kaur, Laveena Jain, Gagandeep Banga, and Babita Kumar (School of Business Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

The world can be influenced by consumers in many different ways through their purchasing power. Ethical consumerism is carried out by "positive buying," which favours ethical products, or by "negative buying," which involves boycotting goods that adversely impact the health of consumers or others, harm the environment during production, use, or disposal, use excessive energy, produce unnecessary waste, use materials that inflict unnecessary suffering on animals. The major areas of concern, types and history of ethical consumerism have been discussed in this paper. The key behavioural patterns, factors influencing and decision model of ethical consumers have been taken into consideration. In the last section, motivators, trends and challenges of ethical consumerism are discussed.

Page: 217-220 Harmilan Kaur, Laveena Jain, Gagandeep Banga, and Babita Kumar (School of Business Studies…

Page: 221-224
Kadambini Sharma (Department of Psychology, Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab)

“Genuine feelings cannot be produced, nor can they be eradicated… the body sticks to the facts.”
―Alice Miller.
“If you intend to evaluate how your knowledge is applicable, transfer it to others.”
― Eraldo Banovac.
Psychological assessment is the most powerful tool in an inclusive classroom setting. It is one of the advantageous practices that support children to achieve success in and after completing school. Different challenges faced by parents, teachers, and school administrations can easily be detected through this. Psychological assessment is not only helpful to benefit kids with previously diagnosed conditions but also plays a big role to place children in classrooms by motivating them to grow both intellectually and personally. Based on above-mentioned quote representatives of the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) under the Aegis of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Govt. of India and the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), New Delhi are working tirelessly on the effectiveness of its schools in relation to psychological assessment. Under an inclusive classroom setting Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has provided the best possible ways for screening, diagnosis, intervention, evaluation, selection, and certification that provide support for parents and school administration with the help of teachers, counselors, and special educators. The present research paper is based on the best practices of a CBSE school which highlights the smooth functioning of student screening, identification, accommodation, and real-life experiences. The multidimensional psychological characteristics are through psychological domains Intelligence, Aptitude, Interest, Personality, and Values in relation to psychological tests, interviews, case studies, and observation. It depicts the natural working and achievements of the school in the wide areas of classroom problems held due to environment, behavior, and other psychological issues faced by each and every type of learner including children with special needs. The practical situations and case studies included in this research paper will definitely be a great help for newly developed schools under the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE).

Page: 221-224 Kadambini Sharma (Department of Psychology, Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab)

Page: 225-230
Mohammad Khalid Khawrin (Department of Judgement and Prosecution, Kunduz University, Afghanistan)

Documentation of the last two decades is a history of making progress and the e-services revolution in Afghanistan. New generation services style is called e-services. The qualitative research method was applied for collecting textual data from different sources. It proved that e-services were launched through many governmental and non-governmental organizations in different sectors. That pave the ways to influence and eradicate corruption, enhancing accountability and transparency in sectors of Afghanistan.

Page: 225-230 Mohammad Khalid Khawrin (Department of Judgement and Prosecution, Kunduz University, Afghanistan)

Page: 273-275
Ambika Sangwan (Government College for Girls Sector-14 Gurugram, Haryana)

FDI usually represents a long term commitment to host country and contribute significantly to gross fixed capital formation in developing countries. FDI has several advantages over other types of capital flows, in particular its greater stability and the fact that it would not create obligations for the host country. The ongoing process of integration of the world economy has led to a significant change in the attitudes of the host countries with respect to inward foreign direct investment (FDI). The determinants of the FDI are numerous. Whether particular action of investor or government is responsible for increase or decrease in the investment for a given period is treated as determinant. There is not a single variable which would influence investment to rise or fall but it is comprised of a set of variables. It would be very valuable to review the key determinants and factors of FDI based on the theories of international investment. Through this paper an attempt is made to study the determinants which influence the FDI inflow into India and other nations. The study period ranging between 1991and 2018.

Page: 273-275Ambika Sangwan (Government College for Girls Sector-14 Gurugram, Haryana)

Pages: 81-83
Sayad Amiry and Mohammad Zobair Azizi (Faculty of Education, Herat University, Herat, Afghanistan)

The purpose of the research was to investigate the impact of educational games on the learning rate of mathematical concepts among educable intellectually disabled students. A Pseudo-experiment has taken place. Non-probability sampling was used and the sample size was 14 educable intellectually disabled students of two schools for students with special needs. The sample has been divided into two groups; each group was including 8 students. The experimental group was taught using games but the control group was taught like a normal class. The research instruments included four researcher constructed games and a pre-posttest which also been constructed by the researcher. The findings showed a significant difference in mean (p=0.025) between the experimental and control groups. There is also an increase in the mean of learning chemical and mathematical concepts among the experimental group. It is concluded that educational games can increase the rate of learning chemical and mathematical concepts among educable intellectually disabled students.

Pages: 81-83Sayad Amiry and Mohammad Zobair Azizi (Faculty of Education, Herat University, Herat, Afghanistan)

Pages: 84-86
Monika Devi and Vinay Mehla (Department of Agricultural Economics, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

India is the world's largest producer and consumer of a wide range of various pulses, predominately tropical and sub-tropical crops such as chickpea, black gram and green gram (mungbean) and others, which are high in protein, fibre, and vitamins, as well as high-quality carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. The study is attempted to examine trends and growth pattern of major pulses crops in India based on secondary data collected from various published sources for the period 1980-2020. The major pulses crops: Green gram, Black gram and Chickpea have been taken under consideration and data on area, production and yield of selected crops have been utilized at India level. Standard deviation (SD) and Coefficient of Variation (CV) were used to measure the variability in the collated data. The compound annual growth rates (CAGR) for area, production and yield were estimated and found to have best fitting with the data. The linear model was fitted to estimate the trends of area, production and yield of crop. The study revealed that highest average area in India was under chickpea followed by black gram and green gram and that production and yield follow the same pattern. In terms of area and production, black gram showed largest fluctuations, followed by chickpea and green gram. The most stable yield was found in chickpea among all selected crops.

Pages: 84-86 Monika Devi and Vinay Mehla (Department of Agricultural Economics, CCS Haryana Agricultural University…

Pages: 87-90
Sravani Pasula and G.S. Sreedaya (College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala)

The present research study was conducted in Calicut, Ernakulam, and Thiruvananthapuram districts of Kerala during 2020-2021 to identify sustaining and impeding factors influencing youth to take up agriculture as a primary occupation. Focus group discussions were conducted among ninety youth selected for the study from nine rural panchayats and nine urban wards of the three purposively selected districts. On analysis, it was observed that to protect nature, increased affinity towards natural farming, farming gives peaceful life and staying close to family, to engage in agribusiness and to make profits were major sustaining factors and lack of credit support, lack of minimum support prices, scarcity of labour, poor knowledge on scientific methods of cultivation and low social image were reported as impeding factors influencing their participation in agriculture and allied sectors. Strategies such as credit support schemes for youth, agriculture as compulsory course curriculum in school education, promotion of training schemes facilitated by state and central governments among youth, popularization of urban agriculture through modern cultivation techniques were enlisted.

Pages: 87-90Sravani Pasula and G.S. Sreedaya (College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala)

Pages: 91-94
P. Sreenath and Sreedaya Gopinathannair Sarojini (Department of Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellayani, Kerala)

The village stay module (VSM) of Rural Agricultural Work Experience Programme (RAWEP) of Kerala Agricultural University is intended to give direct exposure to the Agricultural students on the socio cultural settings and the life of the farming community. The study was conducted as expost facto design in the five locations where VSM of RAWEP of KAU was conducted. Respondents were selected through purposive sampling. Data was collected through structured and pretested interview Schedule. Perception index, RBQ, and weighed mean were the statistical tools. Development plan was successful in projecting the entrepreneurial scope of crops/commodities unique to that village. Enhancing the duration of VSM, more involvement of scientists, proper publicity, and soil test results at the location itself and providing solutions to farmers through innovative technologies are to be considered for fine-tuning of VSM. This study is significant in the context that Agricultural Universities has to support to farming community through agricultural education, research and extension. The finding of the study help curriculum developers to make necessary changes in the curriculum of VSM so that the students may get a clear understanding of farming situation.

Pages: 91-94P. Sreenath and Sreedaya Gopinathannair Sarojini (Department of Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture, Kerala…

Pages: 95-98
Manju Yadav1, Amita Girdhar2, Satyavart3, Phagun Mehta4, and Shruti Sharma5 (National Food Security Mission, Panchkula1, Department of Business Management, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana2, Department of Agriculture, Haryana3, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana4, Haryana School of Business, Guru Jambheshwer University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana5)

The current research was conducted to determine various economic and administrative factors hindering women's participation in Panchayat activities. The score card was prepared and displayed in tables. By adopting random sampling strategies for each sample, research blocks are selected. Data were collected about the economic and administrative challenges women face while performing Panchayat activities. All official leaders are represented by sarpanches, punches, for research purposes. Delays in getting help from provincial and regional governments and greater control of officials are the most important variables. Changes are needed for the problems that women face at different times.

Pages: 95-98Manju Yadav1, Amita Girdhar2, Satyavart3, Phagun Mehta4, and Shruti Sharma5 (National Food Security Mission…

Pages: 99-103
Baskaur, Rashmi Tyagi, Vinod Kumari, and Satpal Singh Baloda (CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana)

The Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture is a centrally sponsored scheme. The main goal of this programme is to maximise the horticulture sector's potential, which includes fruits, vegetables, root and tuber crops, mushrooms, spices, flowers, fragrant plants, coconut, cashew, and cocoa. The present study was conducted in Fatehabad and Hisar districts of Haryana state. On the whole, 160 respondents were interviewed with the help of well-structured interview schedule. An attempt has been made to study the level of knowledge and adoption of MIDH among farmers and it was found that more than fifty percent of the respondents (56.8%) belonged to 36-50 years age group and had more than 6 lakh annual family income. Maximum number of the respondents (50.6%) had high level of mass- media exposure. The majority (78.1%) of the respondent had full knowledge about the pattern for planting fruit crops. Regarding the adoption of horticultural crops and production technology cent percent (100%) of the respondents had no adoption of crop scouting technology in horticultural crops. Ninety percent agreed that degraded land could be better utilized in horticultural crops. Regarding level of knowledge 70.6 percent of the respondents had high knowledge related to horticultural crops.

Pages: 99-103Baskaur, Rashmi Tyagi, Vinod Kumari, and Satpal Singh Baloda (CCS Haryana Agricultural University…

Pages: 104-107
Fahmeeda Zaidi (Department of Psychology, Shibli Nationl P.G. College, Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh)

In the current research the impact of gender difference on achievement motivation was studied. 200 undergraduate students (100 males & 100 females) taken in the sample. The Achievement Motivation Scale (AMS) by Shah (1986) was administered over the groups. This scale provides integrated score of achievement motivation and separate score for four dimensions of achievement motivation such as need for academic success, need for vocational achievement, need for social achievement and need for skill achievement. The statistical analysis of data was done using the Mean, S.D and t-test. Results revealed that the effect of gender difference on the level of Achievement motivation was found. The finding further affirmed that female students have greater achievement motivation than male students.

Pages: 104-107Fahmeeda Zaidi (Department of Psychology, Shibli Nationl P.G. College, Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh)

Pages: 108-113
Jaspreet Kaur, Asha Chawla, and Deepika Vig (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

The present investigation was conducted to study the school environment as determinant of mental health among rural adolescents. The study was based on 200 adolescents (i.e., 100 boys & 100 girls). The sample was purposively selected from Government Senior Schools of Fazilka District. Self-structured general information sheet was prepared to collect the general information of the adolescents. Mental Health Battery by Singh and Gupta (2000) and School Environment Scale (Misra, 2012) were used to assess the mental health and school environment of the adolescents. Results revealed that majority of adolescents had average mental health and school environment. Boys were found to be significantly better than their counterparts as well as in overall mental health except in the dimension of emotional stability where girls were found to be significantly better than boys at high level. Significant gender differences were observed in creative stimulation and permissiveness dimension of school environment where boys scored better than girls. School environment was found to be positively and significantly correlated with adjustment, autonomy, intelligence dimensions as well as overall mental health of adolescents. Cognitive encouragement of school environment contributed positively and significantly towards the mental health of the adolescents.

Pages: 108-113Jaspreet Kaur, Asha Chawla, and Deepika Vig (Department of Human Development and Family Studies…
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