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Pages: 88-90
Nila Majied and Mahmood. S. Khan (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh)

Kashmir valley has been witnessing killing, strikes, protest demonstrations, curfews, human right violations and many other forms of violence from last few decades. Past literature has confirmed that one of the main outcomes of exposure to violence is the increase in the level of aggression. Aggression can be defined as any behaviour intended to hurt or harm someone. In adolescent girls aggression is not a unitary construct: it can be physical, verbal or relational. Emotions that adolescent girls internalise frequently emerge as anger and this anger is then acted out as aggression towards self or others. The present study tries to compares the level of aggression among girls of Jammu and Kashmir Regions. The sample of 100 students studying in 11th and 12th standard with age range between 15-19 years was taken. The data was collected from two groups living in two regions; Kashmir (considered to be high affected region) and Jammu (considered to be relatively low affected region).Aggression scale developed by the researcher ,was used to assess the level of aggression of both the groups of girls. Students t-test was used to compare the groups. The findings suggest that two groups of girls differ significantly in terms of their aggression level, with girls from Kashmir region showing significantly higher level of aggression as compared to girls from Jammu region.

Pages: 88-90Nila Majied and Mahmood. S. Khan (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh)

Pages: 84-87
Anju Walia (Sant Nischal Singh College of Education for Women, Santpura, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana)

Education should be about more than just information giving, storing and regurgitating, if it to prepare us for a fast moving , ever changing world and lives which will see futures we can currently hardly predict. It is probably fair to say that there are few challenges and crises in the human situation which are to do with a lack of information, we are creating it at an incredible, exponential rate. Human happiness however, will be much more to do with our ability to build relationship, to cooperate with others to work effectively, to solve problems, to think and act independently and responsibly, to predict and plan to take decisions and manage consequences to continue learning, especially from experience, to accept and welcome diversity, to manage change, to mature through life stages, to maintain our health and well being and support others to do the same. The focus of this paper is to create the awareness of positive life skills and to find out the opinions about implementation of positive life skills education, positive life skills curriculum, issues & challenges for B. Ed. students.

Pages: 84-87Anju Walia (Sant Nischal Singh College of Education for Women, Santpura, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana)

Pages: 78-83
Anjana Bhattacharjee (Department of Psychology, Tripura University, Tripura)

The present study was designed to compare male and female school students on the basis of their self esteem and level of aggression. The study also attempted to find out the difference among tribal and non-tribal school students in regard to their self esteem and aggression. Therefore, the study was carried out at Agartala, the capital of Tripura, a small state in the North Eastern part of India where people of different religion, caste, and community live together. Overall 200 school students (100 male and 100 female students) from both tribal and non tribal community were selected purposively and data were collected from them using Basic Information Schedule, Self Esteem Inventory and Aggression Scale. The findings revealed significant difference among male and female school students in regard to both the mental health variables, indicating that male school students possessed high self-esteem as well as high aggression in comparison to their female counterparts. Again tribal school students possessed low self-esteem but high aggression than their non-tribal counterparts. The paper suggests that for mainstreaming the culturally and socially isolated tribal population proper counseling services should be provided to them particularly to the female tribal school students to enhance their self esteem which will in turn help them to achieve academic success as well as to adjust more adequately with the outer world.

Pages: 78-83Anjana Bhattacharjee (Department of Psychology, Tripura University, Tripura)

Pages: 75-77
Sudha Katyal (Department of Human Development and Family Relations, Govt. Home Science College, Sector-10, Chandigarh)

The present investigation was conducted to get an insight into gender difference in burnout of employees working in non-nationalized banks. The study was carried out in Chandigarh and its satellite towns, Panchkula and S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, on a sample of 100 male and 100 female employees having minimum of 1year of job experience from 5 non-nationalized banks (20 from each bank). Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), developed by Maslach and Jackson (1996) was used to measure burnout. The findings revealed that employees working in non-nationalized banks had moderate followed by high level of burnout. It was also found that female employees as compared to their male counterparts had higher emotional exhaustion and total burnout, whereas male employees as compared to female employees had higher level of depersonalization and personal accomplishment.

Pages: 75-77Sudha Katyal (Department of Human Development and Family Relations, Govt. Home Science College, Sector-10…

Pages: 71-74
Kavita Suri (Department of Lifelong Learning, University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir)

Jammu and Kashmir, the northernmost border state of India has reached approximately 1.25 Crore population (Census, 2011) which is an increase of 23.71 percent from the past decade. The sharp increase in population growth and decline in mortality rate has increased pressure on the educational system by way of increasing the demand for access to education. The state which has a literacy rate of 68.74 % has been grappling with many problems including poverty, lack of resources for maintaining the huge educational infrastructure and the continued violence which has hit the education sector badly since past 20 years. Special and inclusive education is in practice in J&K as it is in the other states of the country. But the State Government has not been able to do much for special children in the state. The present paper would try to focus on the Status, Challenges, Responses and Prospectus with regard to Jammu and Kashmir. It would also explore issues like bias against children with special needs, insufficiency of funding, no access to expertise and public services and the parental biases towards children at special needs.

Pages: 71-74Kavita Suri (Department of Lifelong Learning, University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir)

Pages: 66-70
Anubhuti Dubey and Arpita Srivastava (Department of Psychology, D.D.U Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur)
This study examines parental factors and achievement motivation and its relation to performance of adolescents. The sample comprised of sixty students of class 11th. The research is based on their expected and achieved scores of class-10. To assess achievement motivation and parental factors the questionnaires are used. Data was analyzed using two way analysis of variance and multiple regression statistical analysis. Results indicated that High performance group of students have more achievement motivation in comparison to Low performance group of students. The scores on parental factors are also high in High performance group. Amongst the four parental factors, Parental approval emerged as the most significant predictor of achievement motivation and performance followed by resources made available by parents, parental encouragement, and parental pressure. The high performance group girls are more future oriented with high level of aspiration as their expected and achieved scores are less discrepant, however, the same is not true for low performance both boys and girls. They expected more and achieved less than their expectation. These findings imply that in the order to improve children's education, parental approval warrants the future orientation.

Pages: 66-70Anubhuti Dubey and Arpita Srivastava (Department of Psychology, D.D.U Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur)

Pages: 62-65
Ahmad Ali (Department of Education, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh)

The research aims to compare language-delayed children enrolled in kindergarten and their peers who did not enrol in kindergarten in receptive and expressive language development. Descriptive approach used; Sample included 376 Syrian bilingual children drawn from first-grade of the 6 years primary school stage. “The receptive and expressive language test “ prepared by the researcher " was used to identify language delayed children and After diagnosis the researcher selected 73 children who were suffering from language delay. t-test was used to find out significance of difference between the groups.No significant differences in receptive language between children who were enrolled in kindergarten and their peers who did not enrol in the kindergarten. Significant differences were found in expressive language. No significant difference was obtained between males and females in receptive and expressive language.

Pages: 62-65Ahmad Ali (Department of Education, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh)

Pages: 57-61
Paulinus Okey Uju-Echemnu and Michelline Zonia Manalastas (Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas)

Drawing upon the Job Characteristics Model (Hackman & Oldham, 1975) and the fact that employees can be motivated without necessarily spending money, the study focused on proposing a program for an enhanced intrinsic motivation in the workplace by highlighting, articulating and assessing the job characteristics and job satisfaction of the 228 respondents in the four Catholic institutions within Metro Manila. Job Diagnostic Survey (JDS, 1976) and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaires (MSQ, 1977) were used to measure the Job Characteristics and Job Satisfaction of the respondents, respectively. The respondents were only those on regular employment and non-academic. Results indicated that although there is some remarkable difference in the job characteristics and job satisfaction of the respondents (the two measurable variables) yet there is a 2-tailed correlation between them. A program for the enhancement of an intrinsic motivation was proposed from the analyzed results.

Pages: 57-61Paulinus Okey Uju-Echemnu and Michelline Zonia Manalastas (Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas)

Pages: 51-56
U. Vijayabanu and S. Karunanidhi (Department of Psychology, University of Madras, Chennai)

Today, teams and organizations face rapid change ever before. Globalization has increased the markets and opportunities for more growth and revenue. However, increasingly diverse markets have a wide variety of needs and expectations that must be understood if they are to become strong customers and collaborators. Most organizations don't know how to prepare their employees to handle these changes effectively and thereby increase the organization effectiveness. The role of leaders plays an important role in bringing change initiatives in the organizations. The present paper aimed at explaining the importance of leadership effectiveness in bringing organizational change by exploring various theories and research studies.

Pages: 51-56U. Vijayabanu and S. Karunanidhi (Department of Psychology, University of Madras, Chennai)

Pages: 48-50
B. Prasad Babu (Indira Gandhi National Open University, Regional Centre, Vijayawada, A.P.)
Sudha Rani Vaitla (Counselling Psychologist, Visakhapatnam, A.P.)

The present study was conducted to assess the relationship between emotional intelligence and economic status of school teachers in Visakhapatnam District of Andhra Pradesh, India. The emotional intelligence controls the emotions and maintains the cordial relationships with the social setup in the school environment, whereas the economic status is the monthly income of the school teachers in both the government and private schools. The data were collected from 100 school teachers working in elementary and secondary schools located in Visakhapatnam district and they were administered Emotional Intelligence Scale developed by Prasad, S. (2009). The collected data were analysed with mean, standard deviation, critical ratio, analyses of variance tests and coefficient of correlation. The results indicate that all the teachers possessed high level of emotional intelligence and also there is no significant differences found in the areas of gender, type of school, category of school and social status. It is observed that there is a positive relationship between economic status and emotional intelligence of teachers.

Pages: 48-50B. Prasad Babu (Indira Gandhi National Open University, Regional Centre, Vijayawada, A.P.)Sudha Rani Vaitla…

Pages: 43-47
Tilottama Mukherjee, Aditi Patra and Shubhangi Goswami (Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata)

The advent of technology has brought about marked changes in the traditional structure of teams; face- to- face teams are supplemented with another kind of team, which is now known as virtual team. Humans have been collaborating across geographical boundaries for thousands of years, a phenomenon that is bringing the world closer, making work easier yet which is both problematic and complicated. Global organizations see benefits of collaboration across distance as a mean of providing focused attention to complex problems without physically relocating individuals. The objective of this study is to compare the face- to- face teams and virtual teams on the basis of motivation and team effectiveness. The relationship between motivation and team effectiveness, in these two types of set up has also been studied. The total sample size is 100, equally distributed in two types of teams face to face (n=50) and virtual teams (n=50) respectively. Motivational Analysis of Organization Behaviour (2002) and Team Effectiveness Scale (1997) developed by Udai Pareek were administered on the employees belonging to two different types of teams from various IT sector companies in Kolkata. Results revealed a significant difference between face to face and virtual teams on all the dimensions of motivation, except for achievement motivation. Achievement motivation seems to be not affected by the difference in space and time. The location of members and their interaction with each other produce motivation of dependence, control, efferent, affiliation and influence on the team members. A significant relationship between affiliation motivation and team effectiveness in face to face teams was found.

Pages: 43-47Tilottama Mukherjee, Aditi Patra and Shubhangi Goswami (Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata)

Pages: 35-42
Tatik Wijayati, Abin Syamsudin and Hj. Rita Retnowati, M.Si (Program Pascasarjana, Jurusan Manajemen Pendidikan, Universitas Pakuan, Indonesia)

The effect of principals' leadership behavior, organizational culture, and teachers' job satisfaction on organizational commitment of junior high school teachers. (Descriptive Analysis Study on junior high school teachers in the city of Depok 2013). This study aimed to obtain information about the effect of principals' leadership behavior, organizational culture and teacher's job satisfaction on teacher's organizational commitment. This research was conducted by survey on junior high school in the city of Depok, with sample of 142 permanent teachers which was determined by proportional random sampling technique. The instruments of this research are based on content validity. The reliability was calculated using the Microsoft Excel program. Result of the instrument test shows that the reliability variable of principals' leadership behavior is 0.920, organizational culture is 0.901, teacher's job satisfaction is 0.930, and teacher's organizational culture is 0.900. Then the obtained data was analyzed using Path Analysi and the result shows that principal's leadership behavior (X1) has a direct positive effect on teacher's organizational commitment (X4), with a path coefficient of 41 = 0.226 and significance level of t41 = 2,190; organizational commitment (X2) has a direct positive effect on teachers' organizational commitment (X4), with a path coefficient of 42 = 0.214 and significance level of t42 = 2,317; Teachers' Job Satisfaction (X3) has a direct positive effect on teachers' organizational commitment (X4), with a path coefficient of 43 = 0.182 and a significance level of t43 = 2,074; principals' leadership commitment (X1) has a direct positive effect on teachers' job satisfaction (X3) with a path coefficient of 31 = 0.667 and significance level of t31 = 10,592; has organizational culture (X2) has a direct positive effect on teachers' job satisfaction (X3) with a path coefficient of 32 = 0.166 and significance level of t32 = 2.63. Therefore this study found that the following have a direct effect on teachers' organization commitment; principals' leadership behavior, organizational culture, teachers' job satisfaction, principals' leadership behavior and organizational culture also has a significant effect on teachers' job satisfaction.

Pages: 35-42Tatik Wijayati, Abin Syamsudin and Hj. Rita Retnowati, M.Si (Program Pascasarjana, Jurusan Manajemen Pendidikan…
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