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Pages:299-302
Nidhi Singh (Clinical Psychologist, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana)
Vibha Sharma (Department of Clinical Psychology, IHBAS, New Delhi)
Ravinder Singh (Department. of Medical Anthropology, IHBAS, New Delhi)

The present study is an attempt to study the caregiver burden and level of hope among the primary caregivers of the patients diagnosed with epilepsy for more than one year. Study was exploratory in nature. A sample of 30 primary caregivers of patients with epilepsy was selected. Both males and females between age ranges of 25 to 55 years were selected from neurology OPD of IHBAS, Delhi by using purposive sampling technique. Zarit Burden Interview and Adult Hope Scale were administered on the participants to study their caregiver burden and levels of hope. All participants were psycho-educated about their family members' illness. Results showed that caregivers had poor perceived social support and mostly they were experiencing moderate to severe levels of care giving burden and average levels of hope. Results are discussed in the light of the need of such studies which can professionally help caregivers to deal with their physical, mental and social problems and thereby also help patients with epilepsy in many ways.

Pages:299-302Nidhi Singh (Clinical Psychologist, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana)Vibha Sharma (Department of Clinical Psychology, IHBAS, New Delhi)Ravinder…

Pages:303-305
Mohd. Altaf Paul and Mudassir Hassan (Department of Psychiatry, Govt. Medical College, Srinagar)
Waheeda Khan (Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi)

Happiness is a concept which means many things to many people. Sources of happiness again vary from person to person. So in order to understand the phenomena from the perspective of research scholars, the present study was conducted on a sample of 60 research scholars in a central University, equally divided in two groups of male (n=30) and females (n=30). The Subjective Happiness Scale developed (Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999) was administered along with few open ended questions on sources of happiness. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the data revealed that mean happiness scores were not statistically significant between male and female scholars. Content analysis of open ended questions yielded main sources of happiness for females in terms of importance of friends, family support, achieving goals, positive thinking, success, money, peace of mind and entertainment. While males reported belief in almighty, religious activities, honest work, achieving goals, family support, positive thinking, money, good health, friends and less responsibility as main sources of happiness. Some unique sources of happiness for females were internet surfing, going out to restaurants, self confidence, on the other hand, sports, less family burden, and accepting change easily were reported by males. The findings of the present study highlight the importance of directing more systematic research, particularly in the context of cross cultural understanding of happiness in youth

Pages:303-305Mohd. Altaf Paul and Mudassir Hassan (Department of Psychiatry, Govt. Medical College, Srinagar)Waheeda Khan (Department…

Pages:306-308
Salma Kaneez (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

Adolescence is a pivotal period between childhood and adulthood. The adolescence years are crucial for life course development because this time individuals make choices and engage in a variety of behaviors influencing rest of their lives. It is a critical period for achieving optimal progress in respect of psychological, physical, cognitive and emotional realms of life. Family is the foremost in determining psychological health of its members. The influence of other agencies is built upon the ground work furnished by the family enabling individuals to cope with normal stresses of life, work productively and make a fruitful contribution to the community. The objective of the present investigation was therefore to examine the association between family environment and psychological well-being of adolescents. A sample of N=60 adolescents (30 male; 30 female) in the age of 16 to 19 years was designed. Family Environment Scale (FES) by Bhatia and Chaddha (1993) and Psychological Well-being (PWB) Scale of Bhogle and Prakash (1995) were administered to the subjects. Results revealed a positive and significant association between psychological well-being and cohesion, expressiveness, acceptance and caring, and active recreational dimensions of family environment. Gender differences were also observed in PWB. The conclusions highlight the importance of child-parents-educators relationship for all-round growth of adolescents.

Pages:306-308Salma Kaneez (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

Pages:309-310
Nutankumar S. Thingujam (Department of Psychology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim)

Happiness which is an important component of wellbeing is an important aspect of every individual and business students are not exception. The present study investigated if an individual's happiness is related to his/her personality patterns. One hundred and eighty nine students (males = 139; females = 50) enrolled in post graduate diploma in business courses responded to Orientation to Happiness Scale (Peterson, Park, & Seligman, 2005) and NEO-Five Factor Inventory (McCrae & Costa, 1992). Age of the students ranged from 20 to 35 years (M = 22.70; SD = 1.55). Results showed that certain aspects of orientation to happiness were associated with personality. Specifically, life of meaning was positively correlated with extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Life of engagement correlated negatively with neuroticism but positively with extraversion. Life of pleasure was not significantly correlated with any personality dimensions.

Pages:309-310Nutankumar S. Thingujam (Department of Psychology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim)

Pages:311-314
Chandrani Sen and Himangini R Hooja (Department of Psychology, IIS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

In the 1980's and the 90's, it was not common for individuals to leave their current jobs and opt for a career change. They were dependent on their organisation to create new opportunities and guide them towards career goals. With globalization, the current scenario has seen a change in such attitudes and orientations. The individuals have come to realise that they have their own goals regarding their career and how they see their lives with a long term perspective and satisfaction. Such career orientation requires an intrinsic positive push for the individual with makes him/her reach the goals. This positive approach (psychological capital) may help them to orient themselves for the challenges that may come their way in order to achieve their career goals. Keeping this in mind, the research paper looks to build a relationship between protean career orientation and psychological capital. The paper will be focusing in the importance of these two variables in the Indian context, where the status and remuneration of the job still holds a lot of importance over the satisfaction of achieving one's career goals. The population of India is very young, with around 48% of the population between 15-45 years (Census, 2011). It is important that such individuals be guided and directed towards carving the path towards a fulfilling career.

Pages:311-314Chandrani Sen and Himangini R Hooja (Department of Psychology, IIS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Pages:315-317
Saima Hafiz and Meenakshi Chouhan (Department of Psychology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab)

The present study intends to investigate the impact of emotional intelligence on life satisfaction among university employees in which each group is divided in to high and low group. A sample of 40 employees (20 males and 20 females) in the age group of 25-50yrs, was taken from the central university of Jammu and were administered the emotional intelligence scale by Singh and life satisfaction scale by Diener, Emmans, Larsen, and Griffen (1985). A 2×2 ANOVA was used for data analysis. The results revealed that those who scored higher on emotional intelligence have higher life satisfaction than the low scorers. Moreover the results reported that the main effect of gender on life satisfaction was also significant, i.e., males scored higher on life satisfaction scale than females. The interactive effect of gender and emotional intelligence on life satisfaction was statistically non-significant.

Pages:315-317Saima Hafiz and Meenakshi Chouhan (Department of Psychology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab)

Pages:318-320
Sana Akhter (Department of Psychology, Kolhan University, Chaibasa, Jharkhand)
MD. Firoz Ibrahimi (Department of Psychology, Karim City College, Jamshedpur, Odisha)

Some people are more anxious than others. Is there any role of personality traits? Personality is a dynamic organization of different traits in a person. Anxiety is an emotional state arising in situations of impending danger and manifested in expectation of unfavorable events. Anxiety manifests itself as a feeling of helplessness, uncertainty of oneself, lack of sufficient strength in the face of external factors and exaggeration of their potency and strength. The aim of this study is to examine the traits of personality (Neuroticism and Extraversion) on anxiety whether personality is associated with anxiety among college students. The sample consisted of 40 college students of class 11 to graduate both males and females from different college in Jharkhand. Students from all streams (science, commerce and Arts) have considered for the study. NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), originally developed by Costa and McCrae (1992), and Sinha Anxiety Scale (Sinha’s Self-Analysis Form) is used to assess personality and anxiety. Statistical technique and the data are computed with correlation. Results have showed that neuroticism is significantly positively correlated with anxiety whereas Extraversion is significantly negatively correlated with anxiety and Neuroticism play an important role in anxiety and who have got Neuroticism Personality Traits there are more anxious.

Pages:318-320Sana Akhter (Department of Psychology, Kolhan University, Chaibasa, Jharkhand)MD. Firoz Ibrahimi (Department of Psychology, Karim…

Pages:321-322
Akbar Husain and Shahin Zehra (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)
Musaddiq Jahan (Department of Psychology, Womens College Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)

An employee has his own philosophy of life, values gives direction to his life. The main aim of the present study was to standardize an instrument for assessing spiritual values of the employees. One hundred non-teaching staff and one hundred school teachers from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh served as participants in this study. Principal Axis Factoring method was used to standardize the Employees Spiritual Values Scale (ESVS). The ESVS consisted of 15 items with three factors, namely, Values foster high quality Work, Intrinsic qualities, and Natural Qualities. Factor 1 and 2 comprised of 6 items each and the factor 3 comprised of three items. The numbers of items in ESVS are 15 and it is a 5-point Likert scale. Reliability of the ESVS was determined by Cronbach's alpha and validity of the ESVS was determined by content validity.

Pages:321-322Akbar Husain and Shahin Zehra (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh)Musaddiq Jahan…

Pages:323-325
Saumya Chandra (Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda University, Faculty of Disability Management and Special Education, Coimbatore Campus, Coimbatore)

Although traditionally not an area of service delivered by special educators, the area of spirituality for persons with disabilities is receiving more attention as a quality-of-life outcome. With reference to Indian culture and education system, this particular component was existing in olden times but in a different way. The literature review examined the extent to which ancient educators were given the responsibility of the holistic development of children irrespective of their cast, creed and ability with equal attention. The results indicated that in tune of curriculum adaptation and modification along with bringing changes in the instructional strategies would bring the outcome expected. It has become a need of today to design a framework in which special education professionals may look beyond a sole focus on academic outcomes and they impart the knowledge which is really worthwhile and more global in nature for their students. Many authors have conceptualized spirituality as a personal experience of an individual searching for meaning, a higher quality of life that is accomplished through regular chanting of sacred mantras for their inner peace, harmony and connectedness to others.

Pages:323-325Saumya Chandra (Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda University, Faculty of Disability Management and Special Education, Coimbatore Campus…

Pages:326-330
Shaheen Islam (Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh )
Tanmi Akhter (Department of Educational Psychology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh )

Childhood punishment is a persistent phenomenon of almost every corner around the globe. Existing socio-cultural context and lack of adequate systematic evidence surrounding punishment in Bangladesh left the issue almost unrevealed. This study addressed this gap by exploring the means, extent, reasons of punishment and its effect on psychosocial development of urban and rural school children. 300 children between 7-14 years of age were conveniently selected from four schools located in urban and rural area. A structured checklist related to experience of punishment and Beck Youth Inventories of Emotional and Social Impairment (BYI) were used. Punishment was found to be a universal experience with physical punishment as most common form of punishment. Significant difference in forms of punishment exists between urban and rural area. Urban parents were significantly more punitive than their rural counterparts. Multiple regression analyses shows that all models were statistically significant with varying effect of different forms of punishment on psychosocial development variables. (156 words)

Pages:326-330Shaheen Islam (Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh )Tanmi Akhter (Department…

Pages:331-339
John Jacob (Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas Espana, Manila, Philippines)
Rosalito G. De Guzman (Department of Psychology, University of Santo Tomas Espana, Manila, Philippines)

Adolescent depression is a severe mental health problem. Depressed female adolescents habitually seek and retain negative experiences. Despite the flourishing national economy and the rapid increase in human development, the Philippines has the highest incidence of depression in South East Asia. The aim of this study is to describe the processes of development and implementation of 'Taking in the Good Based-Bibliotherapy Intervention Program” for female adolescents to reduce depression. As an innovative type of psychotherapy treatment, which utilizes the elements of positive neuroplasticity and the principles of bibliotherapy, the program aimed to help them to build up their inner strengths by experiencing, enriching and absorbing daily events with a positive attitude and installing them in the brain. The process involves two phases: 1) determining the components of the taking in the good based-bibliotherapy intervention through research and survey; 2) the use of multi-disciplinary team of school directress, guidance counselor, teaching staff; team of clinical experts of psychotherapy and psychiatry and literary expert to review, to discuss and to give suggestion to formulate the program. Qualitative (interview), quantitative (survey) and mixed method research was used to obtain an extensive perspective of the intervention program. Empirical findings, theoretical models, and existing facts (testing the effectiveness of the program by implementation to the student participants) were combined to develop this pioneering intervention program. A structured intervention program to reduce the level of depression was developed, consisted of eight modules that are explained in detail. Implementation took place and the evaluation was being carried out. The “Taking in the Good based-Bibliotherapy Intervention” program proved to be effective in reducing depression in female adolescents.

Pages:331-339John Jacob (Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas Espana, Manila, Philippines)Rosalito G. De Guzman (Department…

Pages:340-343
Momina Abid and Shamsa Hussain (Department of Applied Psychology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan)

Forgiveness is the positive characteristic of human nature. Psychological benefits are also the gift of forgiveness. The people who forgive more easily are less psychologically distressed and more likely to be happy. The present study aimed to explore the correlational aspects of forgiveness, psychological well-being and psychological distress among married and single old age women. The sample of research was comprised of 120 women (85 married and 35 single), was taken from Edhi centerof Multan, Muzaffargarh and kabirwala through simple random sampling. Heartland Forgiveness Scale (Thompson et al., 2005) were used to measure dispositional forgiveness and Mental Health Inventory (Viet & Ware, 1983) was used to measure psychological well-being and psychological distress. Data analyze through SPSS 20 version. Result indicated that forgiveness has significant positive correlation with psychological well-being, and negative correlation with psychological distress. Findings of the research revealed that marital status of old age women were significant determinant of forgiveness and psychological distress but no significant differences on psychological well-being. The core component of psychological well-being is forgiveness and psychological distress is due to unforgiving nature.This study implies that embrace forgiveness can lead to peace, happiness and psychological well-being and defeat to negative emotions and psychological distress.

Pages:340-343Momina Abid and Shamsa Hussain (Department of Applied Psychology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan)

Pages:344-348
Mohd. Muzamil Kumar and Shawkat Ahmad Shah (Department of Psychology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J&K)

There is exiguity of research studies that have accentuated the appositeness of the construct of psychological capital among white collar employees like doctors, higher education teachers and bank officers who deliver prodigious service to the society. In this backdrop the present study investigated the dimensionality of psychological capital using a sample of 350 white collar employees working at three major human service organizations operating in Kashmir (University of Kashmir, S.K.I.M.S Hospital Srinagar and J&K Bank).An exploratory factor analysis revealed a three factor structure of psychological capital and the same was substantiated by a confirmatory factor analysis procedure. The model fit indices were found to be well within the acceptable thresholds as indicated by value of CMIN/DF= 2.3 , GFI = .94 , CFI = .95 and RMSEA = .06.Besides this higher order confirmatory factor analysis was also carried out to portray psychological capital as a latent construct formed by hopeful confidence, optimism & resilience. The findings connote that the construct holds well in context of the present study, thereby buttressing the existence and importance of such construct.

Pages:344-348Mohd. Muzamil Kumar and Shawkat Ahmad Shah (Department of Psychology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar…

Pages:349-355
Pooja V. Anand and Savvy Singh (Department of Psychology, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi)

The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between religious orientation, happiness and self esteem as well as to find out the significant predictors of happiness. The sample consisted of eighty undergraduate students of University of Delhi from four religious communities. For data collection Religious Orientation Scale (Gupta & Mishra, 2007), Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (Hills & Argyle, 2002) and Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (Coopersmith, 1967) were used. Data were analyzed using Pearson's Product Moment Correlation and Regression analysis. Results showed high intrinsic religious orientation, high level of happiness and average level of self esteem in the present sample. Significant positive correlations were found between intrinsic religious orientation and happiness, intrinsic religious orientation and self-esteem, and self-esteem and happiness. Extrinsic religious orientation was found to be negatively correlated to happiness and self esteem. Intrinsic religious orientation and self esteem emerged as significant predictors of happiness.

Pages:349-355Pooja V. Anand and Savvy Singh (Department of Psychology, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi…

Pages:356-360
Reese Hui and Rhett Diessner (Department of Psychology, Lewis-Clark State College, Lewiston)

The Engagement with Beauty Scale 2.0 (EBS2), designed from the philosophical works of Kant, Hegel, and Aquinas, and the psychological work of Jonathan Haidt was translated into Cantonese and administered, by snowball method, to 106 Cantonese speakers in Hong Kong. Results showed strong internal consistency for the measure, and typical of samples from around the world, women scored slightly higher than men in their engagement with beauty. Contrary to non-Asian samples, but similar to a sample from India, no developmental pattern was found (i.e., there was no significant positive correlations between age and levels of engagement with beauty). Also, contrary to most international samples, the factor structure of the EBS2 was monolithic for this Chinese sample, with most of the variance loading on one factor, rather than the emergence of the anticipated four factors (natural beauty, artistic beauty, moral beauty, and beautiful ideas). This implies that, at least for this sample of Chinese people, their view beauty is considerably different than non-Chinese, and more holistic.

Pages:356-360Reese Hui and Rhett Diessner (Department of Psychology, Lewis-Clark State College, Lewiston)

Pages:361-366
M. Vinoth Kumar (Department of Psychology, St. Agnes Centre for Post-Graduation & Research, Mangalore)

Spirituality is considered as a way of living which predetermines how individuals respond to life experiences, how it influences them to work together and behave more socially and responsibly. The present study hypothesized that there will be a significant relationship between adolescence psychological well-being, spirituality and prosocial behaviour and there will be a significant gender difference. For the purpose of the study a total of hundred and ten data was collected from adolescences belongingto the age range of 16 to 19. Riff's Psychological Well-being Scale, Spirituality Scale by C. Delaney, and Prosocial tendencies Measureby Carlo & Randall were administered. The correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship between psychological well-being and Spirituality and non-significant relationship between psychological well-being and prosocial behaviour. The Implications for interventions and strategies aimed at promoting pro-social and well-being of adolescents are discussed.

Pages:361-366M. Vinoth Kumar (Department of Psychology, St. Agnes Centre for Post-Graduation & Research, Mangalore)

Pages:367-370
Zarina Ahmed (Department of Psychology, Womens Christian College, Chennai)
Sheela Hemalatha Julius (Department of Psychology, Rajiv Gandhi National Institute of Youth Development, Sriperumbudur)

It is a growing concern among educators about the low academic performance of college students and its influence on their mental health. Many university students continue to have low grades, while many manage to turn around their academic fortunes (Martin & Marsh, 2006). Programs aimed at teaching academic resilience have proven highly effective in improving academic performance. The present study aims at finding the relationship between academic performance, resilience, depression, anxiety and stress and also the predictors of academic performance and resilience, namely, depression, anxiety and stress among women college students. Expost facto research design was used for the study. The sample consisted of 446 college going women, currently pursuing their second year of under graduation in city colleges. The tools used were the Connor Davidson Resilience scale (2003), the DASS scale by Lovibond & Lovibond (1995), measuring depression, anxiety and stress and the academic performance, using the marks obtained in the continuous assessment cycle. Correlation was found using the Pearson's Product moment method. Regression analysis was done to study the predictors .Results indicates that academic performance, resilience depression, anxiety and stress were positively correlated among women college students. Regression analysis revealed that academic performance significantly predict depression, anxiety and stress women college students, while depression alone is significantly predicted by resilience.

Pages:367-370Zarina Ahmed (Department of Psychology, Womens Christian College, Chennai)Sheela Hemalatha Julius (Department of Psychology, Rajiv…

Pages:371-375
Soaham Bharti (Sacred Heart Convent School, Ludhiana)
Pragyendu and Shailendra Kumar Sharma (Department of Applied Psychology, Sri Aurobindo College (Evening), Malviya Nagar, University of Delhi, Delhi)

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relation between well being of individuals (in terms of life satisfaction) and their financial risk perceptions. Also, this study attempts to understand the investment behaviour of middle class in India belonging to 3 occupational categories- public sector employees, private sector employees and the self employed (entrepreneurs). Due to the changing demographics, economic and social landscape of the Indian society, it is essential to determine whether the present well-being of the citizens is related to their attitudes towards financial risk. This becomes all the more imperative as the Indian society becomes more risk-tolerant over the years. Financial Risk attitude describes affective feelings of like or dislike towards a scenario involving financial risk that have an influence on financial decision making and behaviour. Well being indicates the level at which an individual is satisfied with the present conditions of his/her life. Investment Behaviour reflects an individual's investment patterns. In our analysis, we divided our sample into 3 groups of self employed, private sector employees and public sector employees and proceeded to study the financial attitudes and investment behaviours of each group. We believe that studying risk perception and investment behaviour in the context of Indian economic environment can offer fresh interesting insights on the changing financial attitudes and responses of citizens of developing India. A strong and statistically significant positive correlation was found between life satisfaction and financial risk-seeking attitude. Certain differences were noted in the magnitude and statistical significance of the correlation of the 2 variables for the 3 occupational categories. Further, differences were noted in the investment behaviour of the 3 groups.

Pages:371-375Soaham Bharti (Sacred Heart Convent School, Ludhiana)Pragyendu and Shailendra Kumar Sharma (Department of Applied Psychology…

Pages:376-379
Sujit R. Tripathi, Pragyendu, Arshiya Kochar and Prakhar Dara (Department of Applied Psychology, Sri Aurobindo College (Eve), University of Delhi, Delhi)

Procrastination appears to be a major problem in the Indian society. Several scientific researches on procrastination have demonstrated it as a personality characteristic far more than time management. It has affected our personal, social and national growth. Thus the present study aims to explore academic procrastinating behaviour among college going students. Researchers suggest that variables like fear of failure, task aversiveness, self-regulation and self-efficacy are related to academic procrastination. This study tries to understand the role of self-efficacy and hope in academic procrastination in the Indian scenario. To fulfil this purpose, a sample of 150 undergraduate students was drawn from Delhi University and academic procrastination, hope and self-efficacy for self-regulation were measured. The findings suggested that there is a predicable relationship between self-efficacy for self-regulation and academic procrastination; and higher the level of hope, lesser is the procrastination.

Pages:376-379Sujit R. Tripathi, Pragyendu, Arshiya Kochar and Prakhar Dara (Department of Applied Psychology, Sri Aurobindo…

Pages:380-384
Pratyush Kumar Srivastava and Ajai Pratap Singh (Department of Applied Psychology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Rajasthan)

Subjective well-being (SWB) as a psychological construct is a relatively new field of positive psychology. This study sought to explore the effect of personality variables on the components of subjective well-being. Personality variables were optimism and self-esteem. This study is based on a sample of 400 trainees under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan. They responded in Hindi to Global Life Satisfaction Scale, Contentment Scale, scale of positive and negative experiences, Optimism Scale and Self-esteem Scale. ANOVAs result indicates that optimism and self-esteem have significant effect on global life satisfaction, positive and negative affect while self-esteem has significant effect on contentment. The results have implications for enhancing subjective wellbeing among specific groups.

Pages:380-384Pratyush Kumar Srivastava and Ajai Pratap Singh (Department of Applied Psychology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur…
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