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Pages:250-254
Gauri Kadam and Yogita Ubhe (Department of Psychology, Pad Dr. D. Y. Patil ACS College, Pimpri, Pune)

The study was aimed at studying resilience and self concept among police officers in Pune City. A sample of 84 Police Officers (46 Males and 38 Females) with ranks of Police Inspector, Assistant Police Inspector and Police Sub Inspector who were selected by purposive sampling method. Their age range was 24 years to 58 years. One group consisted of senior police officers with more than 20 years of service. While the other group consisted of police officers with upto 10 years of service. These officers were drawn from various police stations in Pune city, Maharashtra. They responded to the Resilience Scale by Wagnild & Young (1987) and Self concept Questionnaire by Saraswat (1999). Statistical tool Anova was used to find differences on resilience and self concept among police officers.The results showed that there was no difference found on resilience (F=0.02), physical self concept (F=3.27), social self concept (F=3.64), temperamental self concept (F=0.24), moral self concept (F=2.44) and intellectual self concept (F=0.38) among police officers with more than 20 years of service and police officers with upto 10 years of service. The results also showed that there was no gender difference found on resilience (F=3.40) among police officers. There was significant gender difference found on physical self concept (F=8.18), social self concept (F=5.88) and intellectual self concept (F=4.95) among police officers at 0.05 level of significance. Whereas there was no gender difference found on temperamental self concept (F=0.02) and moral self concept (F=1.26) among police officers.

Pages:250-254Gauri Kadam and Yogita Ubhe (Department of Psychology, Pad Dr. D. Y. Patil ACS College…

Pages:255-259
Himani Anand (Dayalbagh Educational Institute, (D.E.I), Agra, UP)

Consciousness is one's awareness of mental activities and processes going on in one's mind at any given moment, as well as one's awareness of objects and events in the external world. It includes awareness of sensations, perceptions, thoughts, feelings and memories. Meditation is a process of employing mental exercises to achieve a highly focused state of consciousness. It is a Vedic exercise which can be used as a powerful instrument to restrain sense organs, control autonomic nervous system and also to attain higher state of consciousness. Through meditation a person is expected to get mental peace. Electroencephalograph (EEG) and Galvanic skin Response (GSR) can be used as indicator of an alteration in an individual's state of consciousness. So the present researcher was interested in investigating the effect of meditation (Om Chanting) on EEG and GSR, an altered state of consciousness, under scientifically controlled conditions. This experimental research measures the effects of Meditation (Om Chanting) on EEG and GSR of female university students (graduates and post graduates). The sample consisted of 20 subjects in the age range of 18 to 24 years through purposive sampling technique. The daily practice time of Meditation session was 20 minutes for one month. Pre test- Post test data was recorded before and after intervention of Meditation session by using single group pre-post research design. Recordings of Electroencephalograph (EEG) and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) were made on a computerized polygraph (Model Physiopac, PP 4, Medicaid Systems, Chandigarh, India) test. To test the significance of difference between means of pre test and post test scores of alpha EEG and between means of pre test and post test of GSR scores t test was applied. Results showed that mean score of alpha EEG for pretest is 10.41 and for posttest is 11.63. Similarly, for GSR mean score of pretest is 580.72 and for posttest is 700.78. Obtained t value for alpha EEG is 5.08 which is significant at .01 level and for GSR t value is 3.16 which is also significant at .01 level. The present study revealed a significant increase in Alpha EEG and GSR values as an effect of meditation which suggests the positive effect of psychophysiological relaxation. Increase in Alpha EEG and GSR values show the relaxation and decrease in stress level. It gives a stable and consistent measure of the involvement of the subjects. Alpha EEG and GSR also indicate the level of concentration during the practice of meditation. Today, meditation is a form of relaxation and a means of alleviating stress in our everyday lives.

Pages:255-259Himani Anand (Dayalbagh Educational Institute, (D.E.I), Agra, UP)

Pages:267-272
Vipasha Kashyap (Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, Himachal Pradeh)

It is important to explore the potential role of 'resilience' and 'happiness' in Tibetan refugees which helps them to cope with refugee-hood. It is also necessary to highlight the impact of 'social isolation' and 'emotional isolation' in their life. The aim of this work is to focus on these variables, amongst the Tibetan refugees born and nurtured in exile (India) and the ones born and raised in their homeland (Tibet). A sample of 90 participants (45 in each group) completed the measures of resilience, happiness, social isolation and emotional isolation. Using Correlation and t-test analysis, the magnitude and direction of relationships among the variables and the difference among the Tibetan refugees in the two groups were calculated respectively. The correlation results for the Tibetan refugees born and raised in exile and in Tibet (till their mid/late teens) show, that emotional isolation is significantly and negatively correlated with resilience. Social isolation is negatively and significantly correlated with resilience amongst the Tibetan refugees born and raised in exile. Resilience is significantly and positively correlated with happiness in both the groups. t-test results depict significant differences between the Tibetan refugees born and raised in exile and in Tibet on the variables except resilience. Happiness and resilience (personal attitudes and beliefs) act as promoters of adjustment and stress buffer amongst refugees. They are inversely proportional to social isolation and emotional isolation.

Pages:267-272Vipasha Kashyap (Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, Himachal Pradeh)

Pages:273-279
Bharat H. Mimrot (Department of Psychology, NKSPTs Arts, Sci & Comm College, Badnapur, Jalna, Maharashtra)

In this age of marketing and competition it is a must to maintain and develop human relationship by understanding others emotions and trying to adjust our nature with the people we can uplift elves and our nation as well. Today it is important to know people nature, temperament and emotions and to make necessary changes in our behavior. What is the impact of emotional intelligence in correct recognition of emotions from facial expressions? Is there any difference in correct recognition of emotions from facial expressions between the people whose emotional intelligence is high & whose emotional intelligence is low or not that much good? The main objective of study was to understand the recognition of emotions from facial expressions of high emotionally intelligent and low emotionally intelligent Ss. It was two hypotheses formulated that, the high emotional intelligent people would recognize more emotions correctly from facial expressions than low emotional intelligent people and Females would recognize more emotions correctly from facial expressions than males. The 200 students, in which 100 students (50 males & 50 females) were high emotional intelligence and 100 students (50 males & 50 females) were low emotional intelligence in covered in the study. The emotional intelligence scale by Hyde, Pethe and Dhar was used for data collection. Finally with help of two way- ANOVA, first hypothesis was rejected and second is accepted. Results and conclusion discussed highlighted on full length of paper.

Pages:273-279Bharat H. Mimrot (Department of Psychology, NKSPTs Arts, Sci & Comm College, Badnapur, Jalna, Maharashtra)

Pages:280-285
Imran Khan (Psychologist at Drug De-addiction Centre and Stress Management, Helpline, Police Control Room Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir)
Showkat Ahmed Shah (Department of Psychology University of Kashmir Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir)

The present study compared substance dependents who go for de-addiction with those who don't go for de-addiction on the basis of subjective wellbeing. The sample consists of (N=100) drug addict males taken from district Srinagar. One group of subjects (N=50) include those drug addicts who were attending drug de-addiction centers. Another group of drug addicts (N=50), taken from different areas of district Srinagar include those drug addicts who don't go for drug de-addiction. Alcohol smoking and substance involvement screening test was first used to screen the individuals for substance dependence and then Subjective Wellbeing Inventory by Nagpal and Sell (1992) was used to assess the subjective wellbeing of the participants. The results in this study showed that t-values of the two factors of the subjective wellbeing, i.e., confidence in coping (t=2.402*) and perceived ill health (t=2.096*) were found significant beyond 0.05 levels of significance. However the t-values of the all other factors like General wellbeing positive affect (t=0.853), Expectation achievement congruence (t=0.977), Transcendence (t=0.073), Family group support (t=0.000), social support (t=0.922) Primary group concern (t=1.922), Inadequate mental mastery (t=0.826), Deficiency in social contacts (t=1.034) and general wellbeing negative affect (t=1.006) were found as insignificant even at 0.05 level of significance.

Pages:280-285Imran Khan (Psychologist at Drug De-addiction Centre and Stress Management, Helpline, Police Control Room Srinagar…

Pages:286-292
Padmavati Maharana, Sanjib Patra, T M Srinivasan, and H R Nagendra (Division of Yoga and Management, SVYASA University, Bangalore)

Leaders are born or made is the debate since centuries. Leadership development is multibillion expenses in the west as well as in the east. There are many leadership development programs but yet the search for the solution is a question. Does leadership development program really work? Can yoga be a solution to this? As answer to these above queries spiritual leadership as the need of the hour is gaining a world-wide attention.

Pages:286-292Padmavati Maharana, Sanjib Patra, T M Srinivasan, and H R Nagendra (Division of Yoga and…

Pages:293-296
Priyanka (Department of Psychology, M.A.C.W, Jhajjar, Haryana)
Promila Batra (Department of Psychology, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana)

Recent years have seen a sudden surge in an array of cognitive dysfunctions such as decline in memory, distraction in attention, lack of concentration, and other attention related disorders. Stressful lifestyle in this competitive world may be the root cause. Modern therapeutics though has a spectrum of drugs for the management of cognitive dysfunctions, but they are having serious side effects and habit forming nature. Therefore, in the last few years, there has been an exponential growth in the field of herbal medicine, and these drugs are gaining popularity in both developing and developed countries because of their natural origin and less side effects. Present study is also aimed at exploring the role of Shankhapushpi, a herbal plant in attentional processes. A pre-post, placebo-controlled, double-blind, two groups design was used. Sample was selected from college going student volunteers, belonging to an age group of 19-25 years. Total 50 subjects were contacted and tested upon their span of attention. 30 subjects having a moderate span of attention were selected and divided into 2 groups of 15 Ss each. One group was experimental group, in which the subjects received Shankhapushpi powder (3.5 gm per day with honey followed by a glass of milk) for 10 days. Other group was the control group, administered with the same dose of ordinary powder (made with coriander, spinach, fenugreek etc.) in the same manner. Two types of attentional processes i.e. Alternating, and Divided were taken. The subjects were tested on these tasks before starting the administration of both powders and immediately after stopping the administration. Obtained scores were analyzed by using 't' test. The results indicated that ten days administration was not sufficient to leave a significant impact of Shankhapushpi on any type of attention. Higher doses need to be tested before drawing any generalization.

Pages:293-296Priyanka (Department of Psychology, M.A.C.W, Jhajjar, Haryana)Promila Batra (Department of Psychology, M. D. University, Rohtak…

Pages:297-300
Himani (Central Institute of Education, University of Delhi, New Delhi)

Youth United for Victory on AIDS- School Life Skills Programme (YUVA-SLP) was launched by Department of Education, Government of NCT of Delhi along with State Council for Educational Research and Training (SCERT). The objectives of the study were to understand the initiatives taken up by Government of India to promote the well-being of youth, to explore the understanding of teachers about the challenges and problems faced by adolescents, to understand the role of YUVA-SLP in students' lives and to examine its implementation in schools. The study conducted with Quasi-Experimental research design using semi-structured interview method; sample of 78 students were selected through purposive sampling. Content analysis was used for finding out results. The results showed that the ideas presented in the YUVA-SLP modules are for ideal conditions. The study concludes that the teachers did not have proper understanding of overall well-being of students. As well as students did not trust their teachers about discussing matters of physical changes they were experiencing. It recommends that YUVA-SLP's content should be reviewed and made suitable for current needs. Teachers should be given proper training and adolescents' well-being need to be the major focus while giving training to teachers.

Pages:297-300Himani (Central Institute of Education, University of Delhi, New Delhi)

Pages:301-309
Ruchi Singh (Institute of Behavioural Science, Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, Gujrat)

Engagement in sport and exercise are important for maintaining holistic health and enhancing performance in sports. Sports are invaluable in the life of young students. The personality of sportsmen plays a vital role in exhibiting performance in sports. There are numerous evidences suggesting that how different personality dimensions affect sports performance and how the personality dimensions of different sportsmen differ from one another. The link between personality and sports performance helps the sports psychologists to predict about the outcome of the sports and also to select sportsman for different sports on the basis of the personality of athletes. Besides, the present article provides information that how much sports have importance in our life and also provide some suggestions to improve the quality of sports performance through spiritual exercises (i.e. yoga, meditation) and some cognitive-behavioral techniques (positive self-talk, relaxation and visualization) .

Pages:301-309Ruchi Singh (Institute of Behavioural Science, Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, Gujrat)

Pages:310-312
Natesh B., Rajesh S.K. and H.R Nagendra (Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bangalore, Karnatka)

Mindfulness an individual becomes increasingly aware and attentive in the moment has been one of the main focuses of study within the positive psychology movement. The majority of this research has been conducted with adults. The current study aimed to establish the relationship between state mindfulness and working memory in children. Participants were 167 healthy school children (69 girls, 98 boys) who attended Personality Development Camp. Participants age ranged from 12 to 16 years with a mean age of 13.97 years (SD=1.03). The Corsi-Blocks task was used to measure of visuo-spatial Working memory. Further psychological states were measure using state mindfulness attention awareness scale and state anxiety inventory. State mindfulness had a large inverse and significant correlation with the State anxiety (r=−0.49, p<0.01) and a large positive and significant correlation with the Corsi forward (Forward Corrected r=0.35, p<0.01 and forward block span r=0.31, p<0.01). Further state mindfulness had significant positive correlation with Corsi backward (backward corrected r=0.26, p<0.01 and backward block span r=0.26, p<0.01). Higher-order cognitive processes appear to have positive relationships between mindfulness.

Pages:310-312Natesh B., Rajesh S.K. and H.R Nagendra (Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bangalore, Karnatka)

Pages:313-316
Nity Sharma (Defence Institute of Psychological Research, DRDO, Delhi)
C.R. Darolia (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

In last few decades, there has been a burgeoning interest in the construct of temperament, including its relationship with elicitation and expression of emotion. Although there is not a clear consensus on the meaning of the construct, there is a general acceptance that temperament involves individual differences in behavioural and emotional processes during development and is shaped by biological processes. Among the many determinants of individual differences, negative emotions, occupy a special place in research along with temperament. Negative emotionality is a broad construct that is central to most models of temperament. It includes fine-grained constructs/facets of anxiety, sadness, anger and irritability. The present study focuses on the relation of temperamental traits given by Strelau (1974, 1993) while developing Regulative Theory of Temperament (RTT), with negative emotions of fear, anxiety, depression and anger in a non-clinical sample of 403 children. The results of Pearson's correlations indicate a significant relationship between most of the temperamental traits and negative emotions.

Pages:313-316Nity Sharma (Defence Institute of Psychological Research, DRDO, Delhi)C.R. Darolia (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University…

Pages:317-321
Sheema Aleem and Samina Bano (Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi)

The paper attempts to trace the functioning of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) of South Africa as a practical application of the concepts of forgiveness and reconciliation. The paper aims to posit the various aspects of the TRC against the concept of positive affect and provides an insight into how positive affect can help promote individual well being and social harmony in conflict-ridden societies.

Pages:317-321Sheema Aleem and Samina Bano (Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi)

Pages:322-324
Sairaj M. Patki (Department of Psychology, University of Pune, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra)
Shobhana C. Abhyankar (Department of Psychology, Fergusson College, Pune, Maharashtra)

Helping behaviors at the workplace go a long way in contributing towards a healthy work-environment and organizational functioning. The present study aimed at investigating whether employees display interpersonal helping/citizenship behaviors directed towards individuals (OCBI) and organizational helping/citizenship behaviors directed towards the organization (OCBO) equally well. The sample comprised of 325 clerical employees from nationalized and co-operative banks. Results showed a significant difference between OCBI and OCBO, with employees reporting that they indulge in OCBO more often than OCBI. The possible explanation and implications of the study are discussed.

Pages:322-324Sairaj M. Patki (Department of Psychology, University of Pune, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra)Shobhana C. Abhyankar (Department…

Pages:325-328
Anupama Sihag and J.S. Bidlan (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

Unhealthy lifestyle is giving way to a multifold increase in the need for healthcare industry in India and worldwide. Healthcare has one of the most stressful working environments for the employees. In order to maintain the professional demeanor and care for the terminally ill patients the healthcare professionals are demanded to be available all the time. Emotionally demanding patients adds to the severity of situation. The healthcare professionals are physically, emotionally and psychologically so drained that it results in occupational stress and hence burnout and adopt different ways of coping to work effectively and efficiently. The present study was conducted on a sample of 600 healthcare professionals from the private hospitals of Delhi, NCR. The sample included nursing, support staff (security, pharmacy, front office, housekeeping and dietetics/food and beverages staff) and doctors with equal number of male and female participants. Ways of Coping Scale-Revised (Folkman and Lazarus, 1985) was the assessment tool used in the present study. It was observed that nursing was most severely affected by occupational stress and burnout as compared to doctors and other support staff and the healthcare professionals use different ways of coping to combat stress.

Pages:325-328Anupama Sihag and J.S. Bidlan (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

Pages:329-331
Pooja Singh (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

Movies may be considered a very powerful medium of entertainment, and at the same time they offer insights into various aspects of human behavior. Psychologists in the West have been observing different aspects of psychology in the movies- social behavior, psychological disorders, etc. Also, the advent of Positive Psychology marks an interesting shift in perspective as far as research in the field of psychology is concerned, and therefore has had some impact in the area of movies as well. Positive psychologists have been doing some research in the area of films, Niemiec, a psychologist practising in St. Louis being the fore runner. The Indian film industry being such a powerful mode of entertainment in the country warrants research in this area, which may pave way for psycho-educational and therapeutic utilization of the information thus obtained.

Pages:329-331Pooja Singh (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

Pages:332-340
Ritu and Madhu Anand (Department of Psychology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana)

In the field of positive psychology, there has been a growing movement toward examining Life Satisfaction. This paper aims to specifically highlight the benefits of positive adolescents Life Satisfaction providing general positive and negative associations between Life Satisfaction and various psycho-social-demographic variables like demographic factors, personality, psychological factors, social factors, physical health and environmental factors etc. The present paper is theoretical in nature; the variables related to Life Satisfaction are theoretically discussed which have already been tested in previous studies. Implications of positive life satisfaction among adolescents and future directions in Life Satisfaction research are briefly discussed.

Pages:332-340Ritu and Madhu Anand (Department of Psychology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana)

Pages:341-343
Prabhat Kumar Mishra (Department of Educational Psychology and Foundations of Education, NCERT, New Delhi)

This article is an attempt to provide the reader with an overview of the field of coping with stress. The term stress occurs not only in our daily conversations but has also attracted widespread media attention. Different people hold different views about it as stress can be from a variety of sources. Although stress is an inevitable part of human life, yet it can also yield positive effects. What we need is to reduce the amount of negative stress (distress), and enjoy and appreciate positive stress (eustress). However, when left unchecked and unmanaged, stress can create problems in performance and affect the health and well-being of a person. Coping refers to cognitive and behavioural effects at mitigating stress. The article has explained the concept and forms of coping, and discussed some strategies to cope effectively with stress. Implications for teachers and counsellors have also been outlined.

Pages:341-343Prabhat Kumar Mishra (Department of Educational Psychology and Foundations of Education, NCERT, New Delhi)

Pages:344-346
Jyotirmoy Sarkar (Science Graduate, Sreebhumi, Near S.P. more Suri, Birbhum, West Bengal )

What we actually want is peace and this peace comes from mental satisfaction but the definition of mental satisfaction varies from man to man, breaking a good friendship is a reason of mental satisfaction of some people and rebuilding a broken up relationship is a reason of mental satisfaction of some people, so there are two types of people, one who are constructive and another one is destructive, the first one possesses positivity in them and the second one can be called as negative minded. Now the problem is that the people with positivity sometimes suffer from some mental conditions which are root of negativity, such as depression, failure, frustration etc. Our life is so uncertain, even anybody don't know that whether she? he will be alive tomorrow or not, then why spend today with any type of negativity, if we do it we have to regret after leaving this world for not leaving my life with positivity, even we should not do anything negative because one day we will surely be conscious, may at the last period of life

Pages:344-346Jyotirmoy Sarkar (Science Graduate, Sreebhumi, Near S.P. more Suri, Birbhum, West Bengal )

Pages:347-349
K. Purandaran (Nodal Centre of Excellence for Human Rights Education, School of Law, Rights & Constitutional Governance,
Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai)

Meditation has an effective tool that alleviates suffering associated with physical, psychosomatic disorders. Various popular versions of the programs were studied and reported many beneficial effects. The lesser known but original techniques of meditation were not subject to scientific study. The Meaning of Life is an essential ingredient in subjective wellbeing, hence this study. 92 spiritual practitioners who practice - Prasada Para Vidya - a meditation technique were studied along with 54 non meditating controls. Out of 92 the 39 subjects were meditators and 53 were practicing a vow of virtue. The total sample is 146 in this study. The Meaning of Life Scale (Steger, 2009) were used in this study along with additional wellbeing parameters like Satisfaction with life, Self transcendence, Spirituality as other parameters of wellbeing. The results sows that the meditation group and non meditation group are significantly (p < .05) different on meaning of life score. The effect size seems to be higher comparing the meditation group with vow of virtue group for meaning of life (p < .05). The meaning of life is correlated with spirituality score. The Self transcendence scale is correlated with satisfaction with life and spirituality scales but not correlated with meaning of life directly. Self transcendence seems to be working as a moderator by triggering other well being measures and have a bearing on meaning of life.

Pages:347-349K. Purandaran (Nodal Centre of Excellence for Human Rights Education, School of Law, Rights &…

Pages:350-355
Alok Kumar (Department of Sociology, C.C.S. University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh)

Many reform movements in India are going on for the betterment of society as a whole. Such movements are lesser studied and reported in the sociological literature. Therefore they need to be focused on. In this context, the present work is a study of a reform movement i.e., 'Yug Nirman Movement' (Gayatri Pariwar) initiated by a spiritual/charismatic person. Having some religious components, the movement has been going on for some years in different parts of India and has also gone beyond the national boundaries. In the light of this, the present study tries to explore how the followers of this movement are enhancing their status in their families and communities by inculcating values. To study this, impact has been observed on individuals and their families. The present study focuses on a village Shaulana in district Ghaziabad. This village is known for its continuous participation in the activities of 'Yug Nirman Movement'. The newspapers and television reports have also covered the activities of this movement undertaken in this village. This village has become the model village for the activities of the movement in the list of the headquarters, Shantikunj, Hardwar. Thus, so well known for the activities of the 'movement' this village has been selected for empirical study to look into the impact. The Data have been collected with the help of some specific research techniques like observation, interview, interview schedule /guide, case study, etc. The impact of 'Yug Nirman Movement' has been observed on its followers and their families. Through the present study, it may be concluded that 'Yug Nirman Movement' is becoming a powerful agency of socialization through values. Its followers are socializing themselves by performing yagya, meditation and recitation, adopting values, adopting /knowing other arts and skills, and enhancing their status in family and village and enhancing cooperation and unity among their family members by participation in the activities of the movement with their family members.

Pages:350-355Alok Kumar (Department of Sociology, C.C.S. University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh)
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