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Pages:426-428
Harpreet Kanwal Chhabra and Sharanpreet Kaur (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

Mindfulness involves a voluntary, fluid regulation of attention. It is the ability to 'stay on strategy' (Zeidan et al., 2010). Mindfulness helps to stay focused on the present, thus keeping out distressful thoughts (e.g., Emmerling & Goleman, 2003) and by promoting adaptive emotion regulation. This study aimed at exploring mindfulness in relation to emotional intelligence and stress. The initial sample comprised of 200 males and 200 females in the age range of 15 to 19 yrs. (mean age=16.51 yrs. for males and 16.42 yrs. for females) drawn from various Government Model Senior Secondary Schools of Chandigarh, India. Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale by Brown & Ryan (2003), Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test by Schutte et al. (1998) and Adolescent Stress Questionnaire by Byrne et al. (2007), were used for the study. Results highlighted interesting trends in relation to mindfulness, emotional intelligence and stress.

Pages:426-428Harpreet Kanwal Chhabra and Sharanpreet Kaur (Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

Pages:429-433
Shubhdip Kaur and Damanjit Sandhu (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala)

India has the world's largest number of sexually abused children. Child sexual abuse is the involvement of a child in a sexual activity that he or she does not comprehend, is unable to give informed consent to, or for which the child is not developmentally prepared and cannot give consent, or that violates the laws or social taboos of society. Childhood sexual abuse carries long-term behavioral consequences for the victim such as post-traumatic stress, conduct problems, anxiety, withdrawal, fear, sexual behavior, poor physical and mental health, greater substance abuse, poorer parental relationships, and various cognitive distortions. These consequences make the psychological adjustment of victim harder during adolescence. Still, these adolescents can be made to come out of past trauma for getting better adjusted psychologically in future, with the use of effective interventions. Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is one such intervention, which has been proved to be effective in reducing the psychological distress and thus, behavioral problems of the sexually abused victims, in the course of this study.

Pages:429-433Shubhdip Kaur and Damanjit Sandhu (Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala)

Pages:434-442
Pareek S. and Mathur N. (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Considering the religious faith and scientific healing attached with the practice of forgiveness, the present paper explored the concept of forgiveness as articulated and theorized in ancient and contemporary literature. Specifically, the objective was to delineate the cross culturally ingrained common vision and practical orientations on forgiveness as documented in reviewed texts. The systematic review of the ancient documentation and recent researches indicates the conceptual and practical commonalities with regards to forgiveness and its correlates.

Pages:434-442Pareek S. and Mathur N. (Department of Psychology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan)

Pages:443-445
Alpna Agarwal (Department of Psychology, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, UP)

In the present study an attempt has been made to study the effect of Type A- Type B behavior pattern on coping strategies of cardiovascular patients. In order to pursue the above objective Type A/B behavioral pattern scale and coping strategies scale were used to collect the data. The sample considered of 120 patients selected from various hospitals and clinics. 60 patients were those who have Type A behavior pattern 60 patients were those who have Type B behavior pattern. In each group there were equal numbers of male and female. Data were analyzed by using 2x2 ANOVA. Findings of the study revealed that patients of Type A behavior pattern use more approach coping strategies than patients of type B behavior pattern. However there is no difference in the using of avoidance coping. Female patients use more emotion focused coping than male patients while male patients use more problem focused coping than female patients

Pages:443-445Alpna Agarwal (Department of Psychology, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, UP)

Pagese:446-448
Poonam R. Das and Anjum F. Shah (Department of Psychology, St. Johns College, Agra, UP)

The present study aims to find out gender difference regarding assertiveness among young male and female subjects. Assertiveness inventory constructed by Dr. Tasneem Naqvi was administered on 150 subjects (75 girls and 75 boys) selected from different Intermediate and degree colleges of Agra. Data was statistically analysed by using Chi-square. The study concludes that there is significant gender difference with regard to assertiveness, boys were found to be more assertive than girls.

Pagese:446-448Poonam R. Das and Anjum F. Shah (Department of Psychology, St. Johns College, Agra, UP)

Pages:449-452
Anjali Malik and Sarvdeep Kohli (Department of Psychology, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana)

Individual well being represents people's evaluation of their lives, and includes happiness, pleasant emotions, life satisfaction and a relative absence of the unpleasant moods and emotions. Well being depends not only on subjective factors but objective factors as well which include, among other things, the socio-political milieu in which the individual finds himself. Since governance is the process of decision-making and the process by which decisions are implemented, an analysis of governance focuses on the formal and informal actors involved in decision-making and implementing the decisions made. Democratic decentralization is said to enhance governance, citizens' empowerment, and the quality of democracy, creating a virtuous cycle to improve the well-being of the citizens. Effective political institutions and decentralized decision making play crucial roles in enhancing happiness or well being of people.

Pages:449-452Anjali Malik and Sarvdeep Kohli (Department of Psychology, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana)

Pages:453-456
Pravakar Duari and Surendra kumar Sia (Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry)

Happiness is a holistic ideal. It speaks to the person that his/her life is complete in the sense that his/her reasonable desires are fulfilled over his/her life time. According Mayer and Diner (1995), happiness may be defined as the experience of frequent positive affect, infrequent negative affect and overall senses of satisfaction with life as a whole. Gandhiji mentions that “the people became happy when what they think, what they say and what they do is a harmony situation”. Workplace happiness is not just a feel good thing- it really matters in hard, financial term. Workplace happiness is a key factor in motivation and productivity. It's hard to get much dynamism, efficiency and enthusiasm from someone who is unhappy. However, workplace happiness is even more important in retaining key people within an organization. Happy at work is crucial both to the employee and to the company. People will spend more of their adult life on their job than on anything else. People's work will take up more of their time than their families, friends and hobbies combined. It would be nicer if that time is spent at a job that actually makes them happy. Happy people and happy company can create a lot of good things such as increasing productivity, quality, sales, customer satisfaction, creativity, innovation, adaptation, flexibility, and decreasing loss, absenteeism, stress of workers, accidents and occupational diseases. So, quality organization starts with quality personnel, not quality machine or quality office. Quality personnel are personnel with knowledge, competence, creativity, virtue and happiness.

Pages:453-456Pravakar Duari and Surendra kumar Sia (Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry)

Pages:457-459
Tarundeep (GGDSD College, Sector 32,Chandigarh)

Spirituality and religion have been seen as beneficial, harmful, and irrelevant to health. An effort was made to examine the recent research on this topic. The focus was on: defining spirituality and religion both conceptually and operationally. The rapidly accumulating evidence on spirituality further confirmed that personal spirituality has important influences on healthcare outcomes however it is difficult to integrate into daily medical practice. However medical spirituality was studied as a distinct interdisciplinary with its own well-developed body of clinical evidence, clinical skill and with well-defined clinical boundaries. An effort was made to integrate the new knowledge, and help anticipate developing "turf issues."

Pages:457-459Tarundeep (GGDSD College, Sector 32,Chandigarh)

Pages:460-463
Md. Firoz Ibrahimi (Department of Psychology, Karim City College, Jamshedpur)

Psychology is an academic and applied discipline that involves the scientific study of mental functions and behaviors. It has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases and by many accounts it ultimately aims to benefit society. In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist and can be classified as a social, behavioral, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and neurobiological processes that underlie certain cognitive functions and behaviors. Positive clinical psychology, has an integrated and equally weighted focus on both positive and negative functioning in all areas of research and practice. Positive characteristics can uniquely predict disorder beyond the predictive power of the presence of negative characteristics, and buffer the impact of negative life events, potentially preventing the development of disorder. Increased study of these characteristics can rapidly expand the knowledge base of clinical psychology and utilize the promising new interventions to treat disorder through promoting the positive. Responding to criticisms of the Positive Psychology movement Positive psychology has been implemented in business management practice, but has faced challenges. Wong and Davey noted managers can introduce positive psychology to a workplace, but they might struggle with positive ways to apply it to employees. Furthermore, for employees to welcome and commit to positive psychology, its application within an organization must be transparent.

Pages:460-463Md. Firoz Ibrahimi (Department of Psychology, Karim City College, Jamshedpur)

Pages:464-467
Bhavya Nain (Independent Professional, Patiala House Courts, New Delhi)

This article gives certain general reasons as to why Maslow's Theory/Hierarchy of Needs is inaccurate and/or wrong. It also gives certain specific reasons why the same is inaccurate in an organizational perspective and why the use of the same as a theory for motivation of employees is incorrect. The author also gives an alternative model of hierarchy of needs, namely the Nain Model, which is particularly applicable in an Organizational perspective. The author has also surveyed some existing literature to find support for the proposed Nain Model. The said article further advocates that instead of blindly applying Maslow's Theory of Motivation to all employees alike, there should a personalised approach to employee motivation.

Pages:464-467Bhavya Nain (Independent Professional, Patiala House Courts, New Delhi)

Pages:468-471
Amat-u-Sami and Touseef Rizvi (Department of Psychology, University of Kashmir, J&K)

The present study examined the extent to which Emotional Intelligence and Personality traits predict Life Satisfaction. Secondly, the study investigated the association between i) Emotional Intelligence & Life Satisfaction ii) Personality traits & Life Satisfaction among Adults (102) with mean age of 28. All the participants were chosen from different areas of district, Srinagar by using purposive sampling method. Emotional Intelligence and Personality traits were the predictor variables while Life Satisfaction was the criterion variable in the present study. Instruments used were SWLS (Diener et al, 1985), NEO-FFI-3 (Costa & McCrae, 1992) and MEII (Mangal & Mangal, 2004). Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis revealed that most of the factors of emotional intelligence were positively correlated with life satisfaction whereas most of the personality traits showed significant negative correlations with life satisfaction. The present study also indicated that only E2 (inter-personal awareness) factor of Emotional Intelligence emerged as the significant predictor of Life Satisfaction whereas none of the personality traits emerged as the significant predictor of Life Satisfaction among the Adults. Purchase PDF
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Pages:468-471Amat-u-Sami and Touseef Rizvi (Department of Psychology, University of Kashmir, J&K)

Pages:472-477
Anjali Gireesan, Aneesh V. Kumar and Sibnath Deb (Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry )

Being a child is a gift. It does not matter what differences exist between them individually. Each one of them has a potential to become something important in this world, if they are given proper care and support. Children, who fall prey to hardships like mental retardation, cerebral palsy, autism and other related disabilities, are no different. They also have the right to care and support that other children enjoy and cherish. Rather, they need different and more extensive supportive care to realize their potentials. But they are often neglected, most often because of the lack of understanding in the society as a whole and several misconceptions pertaining to their disabilities. This study aims to understand the various aspects of care of children with special needs. Sources for effective child care, knowledge and understanding of child care measures and programs, expectations of guardians and service-providers and awareness about Government policies were explored. A Semi-Structured Questionnaire was developed by the investigators to conduct interviews with 25 guardians and 25 service providers of children with special needs who currently attend a Special School in Pondicherry. The data was then analyzed qualitatively following content analysis method. Some of the major issues that emerged from the study pertain to lack of implementation of Government policies, prevalence of negative perception in community and importance of effective communication between different people participating in taking care of children with special needs. The results throw light on different aspects like need for more training and resources, support from community, conduction of awareness programs and the need for effective communication between different departments of an organization as well as between guardians and service providers.

Pages:472-477Anjali Gireesan, Aneesh V. Kumar and Sibnath Deb (Department of Applied Psychology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry…

Pages:478-485
Vibhuti Gupta and N.K. Chadha (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi)

Old age is seen as a time when elderly engage in the spirituality to find existential meaning of life, transcend beyond the boundaries of self to realize connection with the larger universe and also to come to terms with death. In this context, the present research aims to understand the development of spirituality from the middle age through the old age. The study also examines the gender differences in spirituality. For this purpose three age cohorts: middle aged (40-45 years), young old (60-65 years) and oldest old (80 years and above) were chosen to assess spiritual development with age. The sample of 171 respondents (95 males and 76 females) were administered Daily Spiritual Experience scale (Underwood, 2006). Two-way factorial ANOVA was computed to examine age and gender differences in spirituality (daily spiritual experiences and perceived closeness to God). The results indicated that spirituality increased consistently with increasing age as middle aged were lowest on daily spiritual experiences and perceived closeness to God and the oldest old respondents were highest on these dimensions. A significant gender and age interaction was observed wherein middle aged females experienced more daily spiritual experiences as compared to middle aged males. This significant difference disappeared with age. The results are discussed in light of recent research and implications of the research are suggested.

Pages:478-485Vibhuti Gupta and N.K. Chadha (Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi)

Pages:486-490
Nupur Bhatnagar and Reetinder Brar (Department of Human Development and Family Relations, Government Home Science College, Chandigarh)

This study was conducted to get an insight into the marital power structure by comparison of the decision making in working and non working women. The study was carried out in Chandigarh and its satellite towns on a sample of 100 urban women of middle high to high S.E.S (50 working women and 50 non working women) belonging to nuclear and joint families. The tool used was a self prepared questionnaire by the investigator which was pretested. 't- test ' was applied to find the differences in working and non working women with regard to decision making, differences in nuclear and joint families and the role of other family members in decision making. The findings reveal working women having a higher decision making status as compared to non working women in their families. Authority in decision making was found more in nuclear families than in joint families of both working and non working women. Findings highlight considerable amount of syncratic decision making both working and non working women in nuclear families and that parents- in-law have more decision making power among families of non working women as compared to their counterparts. Results suggest that parents in law exert considerable influences in religious and some financial matters in a joint family.

Pages:486-490Nupur Bhatnagar and Reetinder Brar (Department of Human Development and Family Relations, Government Home Science…

Pages:491-493
S.S. Nathawat and Meenal Dadarwal (Amity Behavioural Institute and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Jaipur, Rajasthan )

The present research has examined the difference between stress levels of officers having different level of emotional intelligence in a sample of 300 police officers in Rajasthan state. The sample was subjected to 8 emotional state including anxiety, arousal, depression, extraversion, fatigue, guilt, regression and stress and emotional intelligence inventory. The analysis of these of the total stress state revealed that individual with high emotional intelligence would have low negative emotion stress state in the police and through the emotional inventory the level of emotional intelligence was also assessed. Implications of the findings have been discussed to promote the individuals to transcend self imposed limitations and actualize their potentials to serve the society and can act as a protector of the law.

Pages:491-493S.S. Nathawat and Meenal Dadarwal (Amity Behavioural Institute and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Jaipur, Rajasthan…

Pages:494-498
U. Vijayabanu and Joanna Nivitha Philip (Department of Psychology, University of Madras, Chennai)

The study was aimed at determining the relationship between traits such as emotion and resilience with components of the social problem solving model proposed by D'Zurilla & Goldfried (1971). The sample consisted of 156 female nursing students between the ages of 17 and 23 (Mean=19, SD=1.257) from a nursing college in suburban Chennai. The students belonged to the first, second, third and fourth years of the B.Sc Nursing course. The students responded to items on the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (Connor & Davidson, 2003), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Watson et al., 1988) and the Social Problem Solving Inventory-Revised (D'Zurilla et al., 2002). Resilience and positive affect were positively correlated with constructive problem solving, i.e. positive problem orientation combined with rational problem solving. In contrast, negative affect was positively correlated with dysfunctional problem solving, i.e. negative problem orientation with impulsive carelessness style and/or avoidance style. Correlational analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between resilience and positive affect and a significant negative relationship between resilience and negative affect. No significant differences were found between the classes on any of the variables of the study.

Pages:494-498U. Vijayabanu and Joanna Nivitha Philip (Department of Psychology, University of Madras, Chennai)

Pages:499-505
Pooja Bhatnagar Varma (Amity University, Noida, U.P.)

The present investigation accentuates the diverse subjective experiences of males who have showed empathy or support in relationships with others. The hypothesis was to learn about one's ability to vicariously experience another individual's emotions or to feel what someone else feels. Convenience sampling and snowball sampling technique used whereby the participants were asked to refer other people known to them. The technique used to collect data was narrative interviewing. The interview was conducted in group as people would resonate to each other experiences that motivate them to share it openly. Content analysis with thematic representation was formulated subsequently to dig deeper reading of the meaning of a story, what a story says about the characters involved, and what certain images might symbolize.

Pages:499-505Pooja Bhatnagar Varma (Amity University, Noida, U.P.)

Pages:506-509
Jayanthy P. Nair and Haripriya (Department of Social Work, Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit, Kalady, Kerala)

Adolescence is a phase of rapid physical and psychological growth. With it, the expectations of individual, family and society also changes. This causes stress and emotional imbalance among the adolescents, which may influence their self image and level of happiness. The present study examined and compare the relationship between self image and happiness among adolescents belonging to Govt. and public schools. The sample consisted of 147 boys and 87 girls(117 each from Govt. and public schools) . The age of the respondents ranged from 12 to 14 years. The results revealed significant correlations between self image and happiness among adolescents. There is no significant sex difference in the case of self image, but in the case of happiness girls reported higher score than boys. The level of happiness and self image were found to be greater in the case of Govt. school students.

Pages:506-509Jayanthy P. Nair and Haripriya (Department of Social Work, Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit, Kalady…

Pages:510-513
Neelam (Psychologist, B. P. S. Govt. Medical College Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana)
Parinka Devi (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

Breast cancer among women is associated with a large number of psychological problems. The women suffering from breast cancer underwent severe psychological distress, use various coping mechanisms to improve their overall quality of life. The present investigation was planned to study psychological distress, coping resources and subjective well-being among breast cancer women in comparison to normal women. The sample for the study consisted of 200 women (100 Breast cancer and 100 normal). The sample was assessed with Subjective Wellbeing Inventory, Coping Resources Index, and General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12). Data were processed for Discriminant Analysis. When compared, results clearly demonstrated poor subjective well-being, high level of psychological distress, and inappropriate coping among breast cancer women as compared to their normal counterparts. Discriminant Analysis clearly revealed a linear combination of five aspects of subjective well-being which account for considerable degree of variation between breast cancer and normal women groups

Pages:510-513Neelam (Psychologist, B. P. S. Govt. Medical College Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana)Parinka Devi (Department of…

Pages:514-517
M. Vinothkumar, V. Vinu and R. Anshya (Department of Psychology, St. Agnes Centre for Post-Graduation and Research, Mangalore)

Students pursuing professional courses like engineering, medical, life science etc., are frequently overwhelmed by perceived stress and greater susceptibility to engaging in high risk healthy behavior. It was hypnotizing thatthe hardiness and mindfulness would moderate the effect of the stressor and act effectively in stressful situations. For that, cross-sectional research design was used and 80 engineering and 80 medical (BDS) students from different colleges in Mangalore were involved. The Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory, Hardiness scale, and Perceived Stress Scale were administered and reliability and validity of the tool were checked. The results of correlation analysis showed that Mindfulness is positively and significantly correlated with Commitment and Control, whereas Perceived stress is negatively correlated with Mindfulness, Commitment, and, Challenge. The multiple regressions showed that one of the hardiness factors- Challenge and Mindfulness construct tend to negatively associate with the criterion variable. The results imply that internal resources such as hardiness factor-challenge and mindfulness act as a shield to protect from stress. The implications of the results are discussed with possible intervention to improve the personality hardiness and mindfulness among the students.

Pages:514-517M. Vinothkumar, V. Vinu and R. Anshya (Department of Psychology, St. Agnes Centre for Post-Graduation…
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