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Pages:60-64
Madhurima Pradhan (Department of Psychology, Lucknow University, Lucknow)

Psychologists are trying to help people to actualize their potentialities of becoming happy and satisfied within the range of possibilities available in their respective cultures. Positive Psychologists have proposed the revolutionary ideas of focusing on human strengths and virtues in place of emotional problems and mental illnesses to improve well being of people. But when we look at the objectives of Positive Psychology in the context of our Indian heritage, certain questions arise in our minds and we find some important things missing. Investigations from a culturally rooted perspective tend to show that many Western concepts lack experiential validity in other cultures. This implies that the search for universal and identical psychological phenomena or processes (e.g. self, happiness, mortality, well-being etc.) is not viable. Instead we have to consider the varying socio-cultural contexts determining the construal of self which provides an interpretative framework shaping the way a given sociocultural group engages in thinking, feeling and acting. Positivism which is a positive orientation towards life goes beyond the premise of Positive Psychology incorporating different perspectives based on Indian heritage. Useful insights from Indian scriptures may help in accepting and understanding all hurdles, disappointments and worries of daily living. In place of relying on false smiles and pleasures, they guide us towards the ways to achieve equanimity of mind, upliftment of consciousness, spirituality, righteousness and control over senses and intellect. Therefore, Positivism is a path to eradicate negativity with full awareness and understanding making the dream of authentic happiness come true.

Pages:60-64Madhurima Pradhan (Department of Psychology, Lucknow University, Lucknow)

Pages:65-69
Bhakti Devi Pandit, Triveni Raina and Shobhana C. Abhyankar (Department of Psychology, Fergusson College, Pune)

This paper examines male and female adolescents' current problems, broadly divided in four categories: home, school, social and self and studies the gender differences. It also studies the relationship of emotional intelligence with adolescent problems. It was hypothesized that emotional intelligence will be inversely correlated with youth problems and male adolescents and female adolescents will not differ significantly on family problems, school/college problems, social problems and personal problems. To test these hypotheses, an incidental sample of 77 males and 59 female (n=136) students (age- 16 to 21 yrs) were administered with Verma's Youth Problem Inventory (YPI) and Chaddha's Emotional Intelligence Test (EIT). The data were analyzed using the Pearson product moment correlation, point bi-serial correlation, multivariate stepwise regression analysis and the independent samples t-test. It was found that gender and adolescent problems were negatively correlated (rp,bis = -.34, p<.01), thereby implying that female students experience less problems than male students. Emotional intelligence (EI) was also negatively correlated with youth problems (r = -.29, p<.01), indicating that as EI increases, youth problems decrease. Gender was a stronger predictor for youth problems than emotional intelligence. The results are discussed in the light of the present Indian scenario about the youth.

Pages:65-69Bhakti Devi Pandit, Triveni Raina and Shobhana C. Abhyankar (Department of Psychology, Fergusson College, Pune)

Pages:70-75
Vandana Kapur (Consultant Clinical Psychologist, VIMHANS, New Delhi)

The study examines the differences between optimistic and pessimistic mastectomy patients in their experience of benefit-finding, positive affect, negative affect and spirituality during the breast cancer and mastectomy experience. A sample of 36 female mastectomy patients ranging in age from 40 60 years participated in the study. The participant's level of optimism and pessimism was assessed using the Life Orientation Scale Revised (Scheier, Carver & Bridges, 1994), the Benefit Finding scale (Tomich & Helgeson, 2004) measured the level of benefit-finding, PANAS (Watson, Clark & Tellegen, 1988) assessed the participant's level of positive affect and negative affect and spirituality respectively while The Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (Underwood, Lynn & Teresi, 2002) assessed spirituality. The results indicated that optimistic participants reported higher amount of benefit-finding, experienced more of positive affect and less of negative affect and reported of higher levels of spirituality in the mastectomy experience as compared to pessimistic participants who reported more of negative affect and lower amount of benefit-finding, positive affect and spirituality. On the basis of the findings of the study, it is suggested that psychological treatment in terms of cognitive behavior therapy should be included as part of the breast cancer treatment program to enhance optimistic thinking pattern thereby enhancing other positive outcomes of benefit-finding, and positive affect.

Pages:70-75Vandana Kapur (Consultant Clinical Psychologist, VIMHANS, New Delhi)

Pages:76-81
Nabamita Chakraborty and Sanjukta Das (Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata)

The present study was meant to be an exploration of the cognitive and personality features that might affect the psychological resilience of the high functioning young population. The study examined the roles of masculinity, femininity cognitive errors and metacognition on the resilient worldview of male and female students of post-graduation, aged 21 -25 years. A total of 187 students were investigated, of which 94 were male and 93 were female. The participants were chosen from a Hindu, Bengali background and all were required to complete a personal information schedule, the Inventory of Positive Psychological Attitudes (IPPA), (Kass,1985-86), the Indian Gender Role Identity Scale (Basu, 2010), the Cognitive Error Questionnaire (Lefebvre,1981), and the Self-Assessment Questionnaire (O'Neill & Abedi, 1992). The obtained data were analyzed using parametric statistics. Results revealed that males and females did not differ significantly in their psychological resilience. The high and low resilient females differ significantly in their masculinity and certain aspects of cognitive errors and metacognition .Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis reveals that in case of males, masculinity, overgeneralization, and awareness were found to be contributory variables in their resilience. For females, only masculinity was found to be contributory to their resilience .Psychological explanations of the above findings have been given and implications mentioned.

Pages:76-81Nabamita Chakraborty and Sanjukta Das (Department of Psychology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata)

Pages:82-86
Nirmala Singh Rathore (Research Scholar, Department of Psychology University of Rajasthan, Jaipur)
Mahesh Kumar Choudhary (Department of Mechanical Engineering Rajasthan Technical University, Kota)

Man being a social animal needs to participate in social life for which he needs a role and the role implies physical energy, the source of which is a healthy body. Health can be viewed as a state where a reserve of positive emotions, strengths and experiences are build up in order to enable the individual to deal with adverse situations sufferings and illness. Healthy mind is required to govern and appreciate ones social action, to maintain mental peace and self-confidence. Health and well-being are important factors as it affects almost every single aspect of life and determines what activities or tasks one emerges in or not, and the likelihood of which tasks or activities one is able to complete successfully. In this contemporary world people are facing and increasing number of chronic psychological and other stressors that impinge on their overall health, well-being and quality of life. To avoid most of the stresses one must try to attain peace of mind and body, which may be possible with the help of yoga exercises. The present research makes an attempt to ascertain the impact of yoga on the subjective well being and stress. The sample of 30 males and 30 females were selected purposefully. The present research takes into consideration the two psychological tests perceived stress scale and Subjective Well-being Scale. The positive impact of yoga exercises has been found on the variables subjective well-being and stress.

Pages:82-86Nirmala Singh Rathore (Research Scholar, Department of Psychology University of Rajasthan, Jaipur)Mahesh Kumar Choudhary (Department…

Pages:87-95
S.K. Srivastava and Kailash Chandra Barmola (Department of Psychology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, U.K.)

The present study is an attempt to know the importance of rituals of Hindu's in spirituality. Spiritual psychology is the study of the unity of the spirit, the mind and the body manifest in the human context. It serves as the bridge to connect the otherwise disparate realms of personal and transpersonal, the secular and the sacred, the normal and the paranormal. Hinduism is a collective term applied to the many philosophical and religious traditions native to India. Hinduism has neither a specific moment of origin nor a specific founder. Rather, the tradition understands itself to be timeless, having always existed. Indeed, its collection of sacred texts is known, as a whole, as Sanatana Dharma, The Eternal Teaching. It is thus a complex tradition that encompasses numerous interrelated religious doctrines and practices that have some common characteristics but which lack any unified system of beliefs and practices. A ritual is a set of actions, performed mainly for their symbolic value. It may be prescribed by a religion or by the traditions of a community. The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of rituals of Hindu's in relation to spirituality. This is done through analysis of various studies and articles on present study. At last this study concludes that rituals which are followed by Hindu's lead to spirituality and how it may help to adjust and transform of the ego, understand psychic phenomena, maintain health and wellness, the effect of distant prayer and relation between science and Spirituality. It may be applied to different mental disorder like schizophrenia, depression, mania, anxiety and personality disorder etc.

Pages:87-95S.K. Srivastava and Kailash Chandra Barmola (Department of Psychology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, U.K.)

Pages:96-98
Alpna Agarwal (Department of Psychology, C.C.S.University, Meerut)
Anshu Agarwal (P.D.F. Holder (ICSSR), Delhi)

The purpose of the present study was to study the impact of mantra chanting on stress coping strategies. For this purpose two types of coping strategies, approach coping and avoidance coping were measured with the help of “coping Strategies Scale” constructed by Shrivastav. Two Independent variables were studied i.e. Mantra chanting and Gender. The sample consisted of 80 subjects (35- 50 years). A 2x2 factorial design was used. Two way ANOVA was applied for analyzing the data. On the basis of obtained results it was found that mantra chanting is an influencing factor for coping strategies. People, who chant a mantra regularly, use more approach coping strategies than those, who do not chant a mantra. While people who do not chant a mantra regularly, they use avoidance coping strategies more than those people who chant mantra regularly. The effect of gender on coping strategies is not found significant.

Pages:96-98Alpna Agarwal (Department of Psychology, C.C.S.University, Meerut)Anshu Agarwal (P.D.F. Holder (ICSSR), Delhi)

Pages:99-102
Bharti Sharma (Clinical Psychologist, Shri Krishna Hospital, Karamsad, Gujrat)

The present study aimed at studying the impact of changeover from single sex education to mixed sex settings on psychological functioning of college going girls.A purposive sample of 100 girls(50 from co-educational and 50 from non co-educational schools)were drawn from different co educational colleges.In order to measure the selected dimensions,three standardized tests have been used-The Adjustment inventory for college students,self efficacy scale and Bem sex role inventory.Findings revealed that the most of the girls from co-educational schools had androgynous typed personality and scored higher on self efficacy and their adjustment patterns were better as compared to the girls from non co-educational schools.

Pages:99-102Bharti Sharma (Clinical Psychologist, Shri Krishna Hospital, Karamsad, Gujrat)

Pages:103-110
Akanksha Srivastava and Ram Kalap Tiwari (Department of Psychology, K. S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya, Faizabad, U.P.)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between adolescent's media usage (television, computer, &cell phone) and their mental health and well- being. It was assumed that adolescent's use of media (television, computer &cell phone) have significant collision on their mental health and well-being. The study was conducted in Faizabad and Lucknow cities using a cross sectional analytical design. A sample of 200 adolescents was carried out from intermediate colleges of both cities. Data was collected using three tools devised specifically for the study. Results indicated that 90% of adolescents reported having television, computer, &cell phone at their home. There was a statistically significant relation between excessive media use (television, computer, & cell phone) and mental health and well-being of the adolescents. Excessive use of these medium affected negatively all dimensions of mental health and wellbeing of the adolescents. Heavy media users felt more emotionally unstable, less self-confident, minimum sociability and unhappiness in their daily activities. They also showed high inadequacy, depressive activities, high level of anger and tension in their routine work. The findings point to the importance of giving more emphasis to research in the area of media usage among Indian adolescents and its consequence.

Pages:103-110Akanksha Srivastava and Ram Kalap Tiwari (Department of Psychology, K. S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya…

Pages:111-114
Ameen Abdulla (Department of Psychology, University of Calicut, Kerala)

Children differ in a variety of ways and behave differently in different situations. Amongst various disorders a common form of disorder is “Conduct Disorder”. The most important features of these behaviours are the repetitive and persistent pattern. With these behaviours the basic rights of others are violated and major age appropriate social norms or rules are violated. The conduct disordered behaviour falls into four major groupings according to DSM-IV. They are aggressive behaviours that cause physical harm to humans as well as animals; non-aggressive behaviours that cause property loss or damage; deceitfulness or theft and; violation of major rules. The present paper tries to study the attitude of the conduct disordered children towards their academic performance. The study is conducted on 20 children who were diagnosed as having conduct disorder by clinical psychologists. The results show that the conduct disordered children find it difficult to go with the pace of the class and lack certain skills that enable them to live in harmony with the society. It is to be seen that if proper interventions are given to the conduct disordered children particularly in the younger ages, it may help them to be academically better thereby, help them desist from doing anything wrong.

Pages:111-114Ameen Abdulla (Department of Psychology, University of Calicut, Kerala)

Pages:115-117
Anjana S. Chauhan and Gandharva R. Joshi (Department of Psychology, Saurashtra University, Rjakot, Guajrat)

The aim of this study was to assess the relationships between Emotional Intelligence and Psychological well being among Police personnel. The sample consisted of 200 police personnel (head constable/constable) selected randomly from various branches of Gujarat. Tools were used for the collection of data included Emotional Intelligence inventory (MEII) and Psychological well being scale (Ryff), The scores of the individuals were treated statistically, Results revealed that high positive correlation was found between emotional intelligence and psychological well being among constable whereas, head constables Emotional intelligence is not positively correlated to Psychological well being.

Pages:115-117Anjana S. Chauhan and Gandharva R. Joshi (Department of Psychology, Saurashtra University, Rjakot, Guajrat)

Pages:118-121
Deepika Vig and Sumandeep Kaur (Department of Human Development, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana)

The present research study investigated the impact of an intervention programme designed to enhance the knowledge levels of parents regarding management of learning difficulties among elementary school children. The study was carried out in 15 urban Private schools of Ludhiana City. From each school, 3rd and 4th class children facing problems in reading, writing and mathematics were randomly selected. The total sample consisted of 258 parents of these selected children .The parents were given intervention on various aspects of learning difficulties among children. Pre and post-intervention knowledge scores were assessed. The results indicated that intervention significantly improved the overall knowledge scores of the parents from poor to good level. After getting intervention, parents were found to have significantly better knowledge and comprehension skills and were able to utilize the gained knowledge for solving day to day problems related to reading, writing and mathematics among their children.

Pages:118-121Deepika Vig and Sumandeep Kaur (Department of Human Development, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana)

Pages:122-126
Mona Srivastava and Diya Madhavi Raghoo (Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, U.P.)

The concept of mind is understood in many different ways by many different traditions. Most agree that minds are constituted by conscious experience and intelligent thought. Common attributes of mind include perception, reason, imagination, memory, emotion, attention, free-will and a capacity for communication. The Original Mind is the intrinsic essence of mind, the true self. The modern era comes with Freud's topographical model of the mind comprising of three regions: the conscious system, the preconscious system, and the unconscious system. Mind is energy which is all over the body. Mind is not present at some point in the brain, but mind is all over the body. The goal of life is self realization which means an absolute silence that it cannot be disturbed by anything .It means the complete disappearance of the ego. And with the ego everything disappears. Instead of "watching the thinker," you can also create a gap in the mind stream simply by directing the focus of your attention into the 'Now'. Just become intensely conscious of the present moment. Mindlessness is the right word to explain pure space without any possibility of falling back.

Pages:122-126Mona Srivastava and Diya Madhavi Raghoo (Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi…

Pages:127-129
Richa Shukla (ICMR-JRF Scholar, Faculty of Psychology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, M.P.)

A new global wellness paradigm is gradually emerging, the spiritual well-being of an individual. The article takes a close and meticulous look at real happiness and spiritual well being. It conceptualizes that people can obtain real happiness by being more compassionate and caring instead of always comparing and competing themselves with others. One can have comparison and competition with one's true self as one will always find that one's true self is always more caring and compassionate and thus in the process one can achieve congruence with one's true self i.e., the state of 'sachchidananda'.The lessons of wellness can be seen and learnt from Indian Epics too. Our epics are full of evidences and shlokas which give us direction for spiritual wellness. The article is concluded by saying that aiming for spiritual well-being not only makes a better human being but also a better society.

Pages:127-129Richa Shukla (ICMR-JRF Scholar, Faculty of Psychology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, M.P.)

Pages:130-132
Rupinderjit Kaur (CMJ University, Shillong, Meghalya)
Agyajit Singh (Punjabi University, Patiala)

The main purpose of the study was to make comparison between the male and female school students of adolescent period as well as between students of rural and urban schools and between those of the Govt. and private schools on the internal and external locus of control variable of personality construct. In order to accomplish this objective, 400 students of 9th and 10th classes of rural and urban schools as well as Govt. and private schools were selected; out of which 50% were male students and 50% were females. They were administered Locus of Control scale by Hasnain and Joshi. The results of the study show that (i) the male students are more internally oriented than the females, (ii) there is no difference on locus of control on the basis of location of schools (iii) private school students have more internal LOC than Govt school students

Pages:130-132Rupinderjit Kaur (CMJ University, Shillong, Meghalya)Agyajit Singh (Punjabi University, Patiala)

Pages:133-136
Sandeep Panchal (Defence Institute of Psychology Research, Delhi)
H. L. Joshi (Department of Psychology, K.U. Kurukshetra, Haryana)

The purpose of the study was to explore relationships between happiness, social skills and self-esteem in youths. The sample consists of 200 undergraduate and postgraduate students (Male 76 and Female 124) within age ranged from 18 to 24 years. Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) by Argyle, Martin and Crossland (1989), Social Skills Inventory (SSI) by Riggio (1986), and Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI) by Coopersmith (1975) were administered to all the respondents. The data were analyzed by using Descriptive statistics i.e. mean and SD, t test, Pearson product moment correlation and regression analysis. The result revealed that High happiness and low happiness group youth differ significantly on the measure of self-esteem, emotional sensitivity, Social expressivity and social control variable. The correlational analysis revealed that happiness variable found to be positively significant with self- esteem, emotional sensitivity, social expressivity and social control. The step wise Multiple regression analysis found two predictors of Happiness i.e. self-esteem Social expressivity. These predictors account only 48% of total variance in happiness.

Pages:133-136Sandeep Panchal (Defence Institute of Psychology Research, Delhi)H. L. Joshi (Department of Psychology, K.U. Kurukshetra…

Pages:137-139
Vidyadayini Shetty (Department of Psychology, Nagindas Khandwala College, Malad West)

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of Yoga therapy on caregiving burden of Informal caregivers (ICGs) of people suffering HIV/AIDS. The study involved a pre-test post-test control group design, with experimental and control group. Both the groups were tested on Beck's Depression Inventory (1961) and Spielberg's State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (1970) to find the level of depression and anxiety experienced as a result of caregiving burden prior (pre-test) and after (post-test) the intervention. Statistical analyses indicated higher levels of depression and anxiety among the caregivers. Yoga used as an intervention strategy significantly helped to reduce the levels of depression and anxiety among the study group.

Pages:137-139Vidyadayini Shetty (Department of Psychology, Nagindas Khandwala College, Malad West)

Pages:140-143
K. Suneetha (Department of Psychology & Parapsychology, Andhra University, A.P.)

The edifice of humanity is based on positive values. The advent of science and technology no doubt tired to shake this very edifice. However the repercussions were readily felt and now attempts are being made in most of the countries all over the world to re-introduce the basic human values in the society. It is found that the core values are same in all religions, races and regions. In this article attempt is made to present some the successful efforts at implementing positive values in organizations and education.

Pages:140-143K. Suneetha (Department of Psychology & Parapsychology, Andhra University, A.P.)

Pages:144-147
Mamta Chaturvedi (Scientist-F (DRDO), Selection Centre Central, Bhopal)
Dinesh Singh (Scientist-B (DRDO), Selection Centre Central, Bhopal)

Life satisfaction is an overall assessment of feelings and attitudes about one's life at a particular point of time. The present study was designed to investigate the differences in the level of various components of life satisfaction on the basis of certain demographic variables i.e. gender, age, family type, and background. Life Satisfaction Scale (Alam & Srivastava, 2001) measuring six components of life satisfaction i.e. Health Satisfaction (H.S.), Personal Satisfaction (P.S.), Economic Satisfaction (E.S.), Marital Satisfaction (M.S.), Social Satisfaction (S.S.), Job Satisfaction (J.S.) and overall Life Satisfaction was used to measure Life Satisfaction. The sample of study consists of 240 subjects in the age range of 18-32 years. ANOVA was used to analyse the data. The results of the study indicate that Health Satisfaction is affected by gender and age; Personal Satisfaction is affected by family type, Economic Satisfaction and Marital Satisfaction are not affected by any of the variables in the study; Social Satisfaction is affected by gender, age, and background; and Job Satisfaction is affected by age, and family type. However the groups did not differ significantly on overall Life Satisfaction score in any of the demographic determinants of the study.

Pages:144-147Mamta Chaturvedi (Scientist-F (DRDO), Selection Centre Central, Bhopal)Dinesh Singh (Scientist-B (DRDO), Selection Centre Central, Bhopal)

Pages:148-152
Sarvdeep Kohli and Anjali Malik (Department of Psychology, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana)
Mamta (St. Paul College of Education, Rohtak, Haryana)

Adolescence is one of the most important periods of life. Major physiological, cognitive and behavioral changes take place during this period. The marked physical and emotional growths of adolescents result in strains that frequently precipitate stress and anxiety as reflected in physiological, psychological and social behavior. This is the time when they need maximum attention, care and proper guidance of their parents. One's personality is substantially shaped by the environment to which one is exposed. So, the present investigation was aimed to explore the academic anxiety and general well being amongst adolescents belonging to rural and urban areas. A two group design was adopted in the present study. Each group consisted of 50 subjects (25 males and 25 females) with an age range of 14-16 years. Academic anxiety scale and general well being scale were administered on the 100 adolescent students. Data was analyzed by using t- test. The results of the study showed that adolescents of urban area had significantly higher academic anxiety than the adolescents of rural area. No significant difference was found between two groups on general well being and its dimensions. Further, male adolescents belonging to rural area had significantly higher level of well being as compared to females of rural area. The study infers that adolescents in the urban milieu have to cope with heightened academic anxiety but, interestingly it does not affect their well being. The present study implies that there is a need to identify environmental influences contributing to academic anxiety and needs to be addressed.

Pages:148-152Sarvdeep Kohli and Anjali Malik (Department of Psychology, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana)Mamta (St. Paul…
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