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Page: 279-283
Madiha Rehman (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Uttar Pradesh)

The nurses face many challenges and stressful situations and that is because of the nature of their work, pressure, and chaos on a day-to-day basis due to which they are likely to face more burnout. Burnout is generally described as exhaustion at physical, mental, and emotional levels. They performed multiple tasks such as providing direct medical care; fulfilling the patient's need and comforting patient and their families. All these responsibilities can easily result in job burnout. Since burnout is an alarming situation nowadays, the proposed solution is focusing on increasing spiritual health and Psychological Capital or PsyCap of nurses. Spiritual health is emerging as an important tool in medical practice. Spiritual health is about the connection with the self, others, nature, and God. The concept of PsyCap which is generally regarded as a positive developmental state of an individual is a drive from 'Positive Organizational Behaviour'. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between three variables, i.e., psychological capital, spiritual health, and job burnout among nurses. To fulfill the above objective Maslach Burnout Inventory, Spiritual Health Assessment Scale, and Psychological Capital questionnaire 24 (PCQ) 2007 were used. 130 participants from the public and private sectors were selected based on convenience sampling. The result of this study shows that spiritual health and psychological capital were significantly correlated with emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishments; however, depersonalization was not significantly correlated with either category. Spiritual health was found to be a significant predictor of job burnout, although psychological capital was not.

Page: 279-283 Madiha Rehman (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Uttar Pradesh)

Page: 284-289
Sahil Handa and Monika Rikhi (Department of Applied Psychology, Sri Aurobindo College (Evening), University of Delhi, Delhi)

The current study looks into the connection between gratitude and happiness among college students. The study's purpose was to determine whether a happier individual is more likely to show gratitude than an unhappy person. The study also looked into the connection between aspects of gratitude and happiness. The sample was randomly selected from an age group of 18-25 years. The sample size was 168 participants (71 males & 97 females). Two different questionnaires were used to measure happiness and gratitude in college students. An Oxford happiness questionnaire (Argyle & Hills, 2002) was used, and to measure gratitude, the GRAT-16 (the gratitude, resentment, & appreciation scale) (Watkins et al., 2003) was used. Additionally, using the questionnaire, we compute three aspects of gratitude: lack of sense of deprivation (LOSD), appreciation for others (AO), and simple appreciation (SA). The data was generated with the help of Pearson Product Moment Correlation, an independent sample t-test, and Descriptive Statistics was also used. The study's results indicate that gratitude and happiness have strong positive relationships between them and that a happier person expresses more gratitude than an unhappy person.

Page: 284-289 Sahil Handa and Monika Rikhi (Department of Applied Psychology, Sri Aurobindo College (Evening)…

Page: 290-293
Savita Bansal1, Nishita Narula2, Akshi Malhotra3, Akif Ali4, and Abid Meraj5 (Department of Pathology, FDS, MRIIRS, Faridabad Haryana1,2,3, and FDS, MRIIRS, Faridabad Haryana4,5)

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic led to a huge shift in the lifestyle patterns of the entire global population. The pandemic led to a regression in the overall health of an individual, be it physical, mental, or social well-being. Being physically active not only keeps the mind calm but also reduces the risk of disease. A healthy adult should work out at least 75 minutes a week. Getting infected by a virus like the COVID-19 virus indicated the abstinence from working out and exercising for a certain time period due to a significant effect on the stamina and overall health of individuals. According to the study conducted, 22.7% of the respondents did not undertake any form of physical exercise before getting infected with the virus but it reduced to 11.3% post-COVID infection, this has been correlated with the time required to rest before resuming the exercise regime after recovering. It is also seen that there has been a significant reduction in the stamina of 39% of the respondents due to the infection with the virus. The perspective of the population on the importance of various forms of physical exercises such as breathing exercises, yoga, etc. was also assessed. The aftermath of the viral outbreak on the physical activity of the population should not be disregarded.

Page: 290-293 Savita Bansal1, Nishita Narula2, Akshi Malhotra3, Akif Ali4, and Abid Meraj5 (Department of…

Page: 294-298
Priyanka and Sandeep Singh (Department of Applied Psychology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana)

Satisfaction in life is the ultimate goal of life. Satisfaction with life relates to positive outcomes of different domains of life like family, health, and job (Brief et al., 1993). In other words, how much the person likes his/her life which he/she is living is life satisfaction (Veenhoven, 1996). The present study explored the effect of mindfulness-based self-management therapy on life satisfaction among teachers. For the purpose of the study, thirty participants were selected on the basis of their low scores on the life satisfaction scale. Then nine weeks intervention was given to participants. The intervention programme of the MBSMT consists of four modules. In the first step awareness and acceptance skills were taught, the second step was about belief management, the third aspect of the intervention was related to the assessment of strengths and the last step was inculcating positive emotions. After the completion of the intervention the score on the life satisfaction variable was noted down. And analysis was made for the pre and post-assessment with the help of paired t-test, it has been observed that there is a significant difference in the mean score on the variable of life satisfaction among the participants. Further findings highlight the significant effect of mindfulness-based self-management therapy on the life satisfaction of teachers.

Page: 294-298 Priyanka and Sandeep Singh (Department of Applied Psychology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science…

Page: 299-304
Palav Mehta and Mahimna Vyas (Amity Institute of Behavioural & Allied Sciences, Amity University Maharashtra)

Flow is a state of entire immersion in the present action, which can lead to effortless and joyful performances. The primary objective of this systematic literature review was directed toward comprehending the meaning of flow in students' everyday activities, analysing the link between flow and intrinsic motivation, investigating variables that impact the occurrence of flow, and investigating how flow is achieved. In order to achieve the decided objectives, a PRISMA directed systematic review was conducted in April 2022 to examine the empirical evidence for a flow intrinsic motivation relationship, factors contributing to the enhancement of the flow state and intrinsic motives in students. Peer-reviewed publications that analysed the association between flow and intrinsic motivation in education and the learning domain were explored for using three online databases of Scopus, PubMed, and JSTOR with the same search strings. A total of eight publications fulfilled the inclusion criteria, consisting of 15 studies that were suitable for thematic analysis. The eligibility of the selected studies to be included in the study was done using the Qualysyst Tool, which yielded a cut-off summary score of 0.80 and above. These 8 studies were further studied for thematic analysis. The results depicted a strong positive correlation between the states of intrinsic motivation and experience of the flow situation. It was also established that the balance of complexities and skills, as well as immersion in the task, including explicitly stated goals and timely feedback, create the way for a flow experience.

Page: 299-304 Palav Mehta and Mahimna Vyas (Amity Institute of Behavioural & Allied Sciences, Amity…

Page: 305-309
Ajit Kumar Singh, Gyanesh Kumar Tiwari, and Pramod Kumar Rai (Department of Psychology, School of Humanities & Social Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh)

Although forgiveness has been reported to benefit women in many ways, there is little research on their unforgiveness. The study aims to understand the nature, causes and consequences of young women's unforgiveness. Using a qualitative research design, 18 young women aged 20 to 40 years were chosen through purposive sampling. The data were collected through an interview protocol based on previous research on unforgiveness. The interview contents were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and analysed using the thematic analysis method. Data analysis revealed three themes of unforgiveness: conceptualization of unforgiveness, the multiplicity of causality of unforgiveness, and mixed consequences of unforgiveness. Participants described it as a series of experiences of hate, anger, emotional stagnation, and an altered perception of the offender with active and passive traits. The severe, immoral, and unethical nature of transgressions, misconduct, cheating and harassment were the primary causes of unforgiveness. They described both positive and negative consequences of unforgiveness. Holding forgiveness leads to happiness, contentment, and improved adjustment while also leading to negative emotional experiences, such as broken relationships, and physical and psychological problems. Contrary to previous research, unforgiveness has been described as a more complex phenomenon caused by a variety of personal and interpersonal factors. In addition to negative outcomes, it also leads to some positive outcomes such as reduced fear of re-victimization, and increased adaptability. The findings may have implications for theory, research, practice and policy.

Page: 305-309 Ajit Kumar Singh, Gyanesh Kumar Tiwari, and Pramod Kumar Rai (Department of Psychology…

Page: 310-320
Ramya Ranjan Behera, Ranajit Bera, and Diganta Panda (Rekhi Centre of Excellence for the Science of Happiness, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal)

The study of subjective well-being has become a prime new topic in what we know about the causes and effects of migration. It has the potential to make important contributions to the field of migration studies. This paper tries to organise and assess the developing research on migration and happiness from a worldwide perspective. Both internal and international migration are examined in this paper, which also takes into account the perspectives of many stakeholders, like migrants themselves, as well as the host communities and extended families that they leave behind. The study found that migration decisions are greatly influenced by happiness, with somewhat dissatisfied people moving to happier places even after taking into consideration traditional migration predictors. When it comes to global migration, the majority of international migrants report happiness gains, whereas hosting communities have a mixed but minor effect, and family members who remain behind report an overall favourable impact on evaluative well-being but a negative impact on emotional well-being. The consequences, on the other hand, are highly context-dependent and there is a significant variance between individuals. Internal migrants are less affected by migration. Overall, the study concludes that migration improves the world by primarily benefiting migrants while having only minor negative consequences for host communities.

Page: 310-320 Ramya Ranjan Behera, Ranajit Bera, and Diganta Panda (Rekhi Centre of Excellence for…

Page: 321-326
Mehatab Shaikh and Mahimna Vyas (Amity Institute of Behavioral & Allied Sciences, Amity University Maharashtra)

Humour is one of the mesmerizing qualities possessed by human beings which provides a positive and funny outlook towards the stressful events that take place in one's life, making the coping process efficient. According to the studies conducted earlier, humour has been conceptualized as a multi-faceted construct, with adaptive and maladaptive styles of humour. The affiliative and self-enhancing styles of humour have been studied to be beneficial for mental health. Whereas, the aggressive and self-defeating styles of humour are considered to be detrimental to it. This research theorized that there is an association between the styles of humour and the types of self-esteem, which has been supported by various studies. The findings indicate that both types of self-esteem are positively associated with the self-enhancing and affiliative styles of humour and negatively associated with self-defeating humour. The possible positive relation between aggressive style of humour and explicit self-esteem is also discussed along with the implication of humour in various fields.

Page: 321-326 Mehatab Shaikh and Mahimna Vyas (Amity Institute of Behavioral & Allied Sciences, Amity…

Pages: 76-78
David Bennett (School of Business and Management, University of the Commonwealth Caribbean, Kingston, Jamaica)

Job satisfaction has been an important topic in all fields including teacher education research. As a result, this research study attempted to measure the type of correlation between overall job satisfaction and overall organizational commitment among school teachers in the public educational system in the Caribbean region. The study had a sample size of 200 secondary school teachers and convenience sampling was utilized to collect the data. The data set was analyzed with the use of Pearson's r correlation. The result showed that there was a very weak correlation between overall job satisfaction and overall organizational commitment among school teachers in the public educational system in the Caribbean region, rs (200) = 0.393, p < 0.01.

Pages: 76-78David Bennett (School of Business and Management, University of the Commonwealth Caribbean, Kingston, Jamaica)

Pages: 79-86
Megha Deuskar and Shobhana Abhyankar (Department of Psychology, Fergusson College (Atunomous), Pune, Maharashtra)

The present study is an attempt to investigate whether having Positive Traits predicts psychological well-being. While traits such as hope and resilience have been shown to predict well-being, an overall positive disposition has not been well researched for its relationship with well-being. For the present study, a tool which the researchers have developed, the PsyPositive was used. This tool is an index of positivity, comprising five positive human traits - Hope, Happiness, Resilience, Forgiveness and Gratitude. This 37-item tool was correlated with Ryff's scale of Psychological Well-being (Ryff, 1995). A total of 300 participants (132 males & 168 females) with a mean age of 32.5 years completed both the questionnaires. All the dimensions of the PsyPositive were found to be significantly and positively correlated with all the dimensions of Psychological Well-being. Regression analysis revealed that all the five dimensions of the PsyPositive, individually as well as cumulatively are significant predictors of psychological well-being. The paper discusses the possible pathways through which positivity leads to well-being, as well as the practical implications of study in terms of designing interventions that aim to foster positivity.

Pages: 79-86Megha Deuskar and Shobhana Abhyankar (Department of Psychology, Fergusson College (Atunomous), Pune, Maharashtra)

Pages: 87-93
Deepali Dogra and Tejpreet Kaur Kang (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab)

The present study was undertaken to assess the determinants of psychological capital among rural and urban adolescents in rural and urban Ludhiana district of Punjab state. The sample comprised of 400 school going adolescents (16-18 years) selected randomly from Government Senior Secondary Schools. A personal information sheet was used to record data regarding demographic profile. A scale developed by Luthans, Youssef, and Avolio (2007) was used to assess the psychological capital among adolescents. Significant locale differences is existed which revealed that major proportion of respondents were found at medium level of psychological capital. Among total sample it was found significantly that at medium level of psychological capital boys are head of girls.

Pages: 87-93Deepali Dogra and Tejpreet Kaur Kang (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Punjab…

Pages: 94-97
Santosh and Suresh K. Darolia (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

Mindfulness as psychological construct has been studied since long in relation to different mental health variables with different dimensions. Present study investigates the differences between clinical and non-clinical samples their trait mindfulness and its relationship with depression. A sample of 200 depressive patients and 200 normal adults drawn from various psychiatric hospitals were tested on Back Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Comparison of these two groups revealed non-clinical sample scored higher than clinical on three facets of mindfulness (i.e., act with awareness, non-judgmental & non-reactive) and the global mindfulness score. Depression in clinical group was strongly predicted by mindfulness (R=0.557 p<.001) and significantly but slightly lower in non-clinical group (R=0.46 p<.001). Hence, it is concluded that mindfulness plays vital role in the control of depression in non-clinical group.

Pages: 94-97Santosh and Suresh K. Darolia (Department of Psychology, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, Haryana)

Pages: 98-101
Masoome Ezadpanahi1, Vahid Baharvand2, and Leila Yousefipour3 (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran1, Department of Psychology, Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran2, and Department of Psychology, Dezfoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezfoul, Iran3)

Cognitive-behavioral play therapy, by combining different methods of play therapy with cognitive-behavioral model seeks to increase desirable behaviors and reduce harmful behaviors in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral play therapy on reducing aggression and symptoms of attention deficit disorder. A total of 90 children aged 9-13 years who have behavioral problems such as (aggression) in Shiraz were selected based on the Shahim Aggression Questionnaire (2005) and were divided into experimental and control groups. Pre-test and post-test steps were performed in both groups after receiving 10 sessions of treatment for the experimental group. Play, cognitive-behavioral therapy has a significant effect on reducing aggression and symptoms of attention deficit disorder. Play-group cognitive-behavioral therapy reduces aggression in children and has a positive effect on improving the symptoms of attention deficit disorder.

Pages: 98-101Masoome Ezadpanahi1, Vahid Baharvand2, and Leila Yousefipour3 (Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad…

Pages: 102-106
Hossein Mahmoudi1, Fatemeh Jafari Chahestani2, Vahid Baharvand3, and Masoome Ezadpanahi4 (Department of Psychology, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran1, Department of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran2, Department of Psychology, Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran3, and Department of Psychology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran4)

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between maternal perfectionism and mental health of preschool children in Tehran. The statistical population included all preschool students in District 2 of Tehran in the academic years 2018-2019. Their number was 476 this year. Using Krejcie and Morgan table and one-stage cluster random sampling, 220 people were selected as the statistical sample. The mental health questionnaire of Terry Short et al., Mental health questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaires was assessed and confirmed using content validity and reliability by Cronbach's alpha. Descriptive statistics (mean, etc.) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation test, multiple regression test & independent t-test) were used to analyze the data. The results showed that mental health increases with increasing perfectionism and positive perfectionism among mothers. With the increase of negative perfectionism among the screws, the mental health of preschool students decreases. Positive perfectionism has been able to have a positive effect on the mental health variable of newcomers and predict it, and negative perfectionism has been able to have a negative impact on the mental health variable of newcomers and predict it, between mental health in both groups of male and female newcomers there is no significant difference.

Pages: 102-106Hossein Mahmoudi1, Fatemeh Jafari Chahestani2, Vahid Baharvand3, and Masoome Ezadpanahi4 (Department of Psychology, Arak…

Pages: 107-109
Nidhi and Alpna Agarwal (Department of Psychology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of age and family structure on spirituality of adolescents. A total of 120 adolescents from Meerut district were selected for this study. There were three age groups of adolescents, early (12-14), middle (15-17), and late (18-20) adolescents. There were 40 subjects in each age group. Further in each group there were 20 subjects of nuclear family and 20 subjects of joint family. Data collection was done through spirituality scale constructed by Delaney (2003). The data were analyzed through ANOVA, mean and multiple comparison test. The result indicates that age and family structure have significant effect on spirituality.

Pages: 107-109Nidhi and Alpna Agarwal (Department of Psychology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh)

Pages: 110-112
Sunil Kumar and Manju (Department of Applied Psychology, GJUS&T University, Hisar, Haryana)

Life is always full of hurdles and very challenging and when we set a long term goal in life and go for that it becomes very boring also. In such situation grit play a significant role and work as a weapon. Grit, basically includes consistency of interest and perseverance of efforts for long term goal. In this study we have four variables (hope, self-control, self-efficacy, orientation to happiness) that relate to gritty behavior. But the objective here is that how much these variables relate and contribute in grit among adults. For this purpose, a sample of 300 participants (aged 18-30 years) was purposely selected. The scale of Grit, Hope, Self-efficacy, Self-control and Orientation to Happiness were administered and scored as per the manual. Results found that self-control emerged as the single most potent predictor of grit accounting for 18.3% of variance while self-efficacy, hope and pleasure jointly account for 13.3% of variance.

Pages: 110-112Sunil Kumar and Manju (Department of Applied Psychology, GJUS&T University, Hisar, Haryana)

Pages: 113-115
Sharmistha Chakroborty and Nutan Vohra (Department of Psychology, Acharya Narendra Dev Nagar Nigam Mahila Mahavidyalaya Kanpur; CSJM University, Kanpur; Uttar Pradesh)

Feeling safe, content and happy are perhaps the most fundamental goals of life. As gregarious beings, a lot of it is eventually impacted by our need for meaningful and positive social affiliations. Through the present study we have attempted to review the various evidences indicating how feelings of social safeness can impact not only our socio emotional development but also the ultimate goal of achieving happiness and social well-being. It also focusses on the various ways of promoting social safeness amongst the youth of our community.

Pages: 113-115Sharmistha Chakroborty and Nutan Vohra (Department of Psychology, Acharya Narendra Dev Nagar Nigam Mahila…

Pages: 116-120
Anurag Upadhyay1, Upagya Rai2, and Richa Singh3 (Udai Pratap Autonomous College, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh1, Indraprastha College for Women, University of Delhi, Delhi2 and Department of Psychology, Vasanta College for Women, Rajghat, Rajghat Fort, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh3)

The discipline that scientifically studies the positive aspect of human life is known as positive psychology. It is an applied branch of psychology, which integrates the positive elements of life in a person. In today's fast-paced technological era, humans are left dissatisfied and unhappy because of the absence of a wide sense of positivity and positive openness. The present paper is an effort to introduce the field of Positive psychology, how it emerged as a distinct scientific area within Psychology. It also focuses on well-being which is not only a major concern of everyday inquiry but also of intense scientific scrutiny in terms of hedonic and eudiamonic perspectives. The paper focuses on the optimistic promises of the discipline in terms of massive possibilities where it can be applied in a wide range of practical areas such as health, education, parenting, psychotherapy, etc.

Pages: 116-120Anurag Upadhyay1, Upagya Rai2, and Richa Singh3 (Udai Pratap Autonomous College, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh1…

Pages: 126-128
Avichal Verma and Sandeep Singh (Department of Yoga Science, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, Uttarakhand)

Nadi shodhan Pranayama is a technique of alternate nostril breathing for successive respiratory cycle. Practice of pranakarshan pranayama (derived by Shriram Sharma Acharya) is to control the mind through conserving pranic energy from macrocosm. The current study is to explore the effect of Nadi Shodhan and pranakarshan Pranayama on α-EEG using α-EEG Bio feedback apparatus among college going students. A pre-post experimental control group design was set up to testify the impact of independent variable having quota sampling technique to address the sample size of 40, equally distributed among two groups; aged between 19-24 years. The experimental group underwent Nadi shodhan and pranakarshan pranayama for 40 minutes daily except Sundays for 24 days. There was no intervention given in the control group. The paired t-test applied for the statistical analysis. The result showed a substantial increase in α-EEG after 24 days of regular practice of Nadi Shodhan and pranakarshan pranayama with p<0.01 level of significance. It can be concluded that Nadi shodhan and pranakarshan pranayama can be used as an effective method for stress management and any undermined fluctuations of mind.

Pages: 121-125Avichal Verma and Sandeep Singh (Department of Yoga Science, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, Uttarakhand)

Pages: 126-128
D. Manasa and Sampathkumar (Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka)

Character strengths are ethical facets of personality. Mental health refers to individuals' ability to cope with daily challenges of life by optimum utilization of skills. The aim of the study was to examine the influence of character strengths on mental health. The participants were 400 college students. Value in Action Inventory-72 by McGrath was used to measure Character strengths. Psychological well-being scale developed by Sisodia and Choudary was used to assess mental health. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results showed that participants with high character strengths found to have better mental health and vice versa.

Pages: 126-128D. Manasa and Sampathkumar (Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka)
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