Indian Journal of Health & Wellbeing

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Evaluating social desirability bias in assessment Pages: 948-950 Alka Ranjan and Tony Sam George (Department of Psychology, Christ University Bangalore, Karnataka, India) It is important to control social desirability bias in self-report assessments. A pilot study was conducted in which two scales measuring social desirability bias were given along with other parental self-report measures that assessed parental acceptance-rejection, behavioral control, and psychological control. The study was conducted on 121 middle-class and upper middle-class parents of children of ages 8-11 years in Bangalore City. The two scales used for measuring social desirability bias in mothers and fathers were the Marlowe-Crowne social desirability scale (MCSDS)-Short Form C and the SDS-17. The Mann-Whitney U test and the “t” test were used to check the hypotheses. The study reports obtained the results on the efficacy of the two tools. Pages: 948-950Alka Ranjan and Tony Sam George (Department of Psychology, Christ University Bangalore, Karnataka, India) Read more Get Access
Destitute women in Tripura: A study on their level of depression, hopelessness, and self-esteem Pages: 951-954 Arpita Acharya (Department of Psychology, MBB College (A College Affiliated by Tripura University), Agartala, Tripura, India) Krishna Biswas (Tripura Council For Child Welfare, Agartala, Tripura India) This study is an attempt to measure the amount of depression, hopelessness, and self-esteem of a group of destitute women of Tripura who lives in various destitute homes of this state. Three leading homes who work for the welfare of the destitute women are selected and data were collected from 50 women by using three psychological scales, viz. The Beck hopelessness scale, the Beck depression inventory and Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Data were also collected from 50 non-destitute women of the same age and socioeconomic status. Results showed that destitute women have a higher level of depression and hopelessness, but a lower level of self-esteem than non- destitute women. Significant positive correlation between depression and hopelessness was found, but self-esteem is negatively correlated with both depression and hopelessness. Pages: 951-954Arpita Acharya (Department of Psychology, MBB College (A College Affiliated by Tripura University), Agartala… Read more Get Access
Psychotherapeutic intervention for social phobia: Case study Pages: 955-957 Nudrat Jahan (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India) The problem of the performance anxiety in an individual with social anxiety has been well established in the literature. When anxiety is associated with an irrational fear of performing activities in the presence of other people or social interaction this is diagnosed as “social phobia.” This paper presents a single case study of a 30-year-old male patient. It consist case history, assessment and intervention. Patient presenting complaints were hopelessness, worthlessness, sleep disturbance, low mood, feeling of inferiority, feeling of nervousness, hesitation and thought blocking during conversation with others, agitation, and examination anxiety. In case history racial discrimination in collage and constant academic failure is found as precipitating and maintaining factor of his problem. Patient’s level of anxiety was assessed with “Hamilton anxiety rating scale, which indicated a high level of anxiety.” Cognitive behavior therapy, modeling and relaxation training were given to achieve the goal of reduce anxiety, improve sleep, improve social interaction, teaching coping skills, changing in daily functioning and life style. After treatment program of 20 sessions all problems resolved and patient reported no anxiety in social situations. Intervention plan improved the confidence in the patient and reduced the social anxiety. Pages: 955-957Nudrat Jahan (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India) Read more Get Access
Management of hopelessness and coping among breast cancer patients Pages: 961-964 J. Jeffrin Margreat and N.S. Rohini (Department of Psychology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India) The study on “management of hopelessness and coping among breast cancer patients” was conducted in Coimbatore Cancer Foundation in Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital, Coimbatore by purposive sampling method. 75 breast cancer patients served as the sample. They were in the age range of 35-70 years under medication. The patients with high scores in Hopelessness and low in brief coping were selected for the study. The tools used for assessment were case study schedule, Beck hopelessness scale (Beck, 1978), and brief coping scale (Carver, 1997). The psychological intervention, “rational emotive behavior therapy” (REBT) was administered to the patients. After 15 days, the re-assessment was given using the same questionnaires. The results indicated a significant reduction in the mean hopelessness with increase in coping strategies. This clearly indicates the effect of REBT in coping among breast cancer patients. Pages: 961-964J. Jeffrin Margreat and N.S. Rohini (Department of Psychology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science… Read more Get Access
Impact of biofeedback therapy on somatoform disorders with co-morbid depression Pages: 965-968 Aditya Gupta, G.D. Koolwal, Sanjay Gehlot and Sanjeev Kumar Verma (Department of Psychiatry Dr. S.N. Medical College Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India) The current study aims to find out the outcome of biofeedback therapy in subjects suffering from somatoform disorders associated with co-morbid depression. The study was conducted at psychiatric center, Jodhpur. Subjects were grouped into experimental and control groups, and those labeled experimental group were given suitable anti- depressant and biofeedback therapy (six sessions), spread over 6 weeks, while subjects comprising control group were kept on pharmacotherapy alone. Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS) and patient health questionnaire (PHQ-15) were used. In the present study, 90 patients were recruited out of which 78 patients completed the study. After 6 weeks of therapy, among the experimental group, the number of patients with no depression increased, and the mean score on HDRS also decreased. The mean score on PHQ also decreased showing improvement in somatoform symptoms. The t-value is significant in the experimental group, not in the control group. The present study favors biofeedback as an additional therapy, especially for relaxation and coping with the illness. This study, however, was over a short period of time, and further longitudinal studies incorporating other behavior therapy modalities are required. Pages: 965-968Aditya Gupta, G.D. Koolwal, Sanjay Gehlot and Sanjeev Kumar Verma (Department of Psychiatry Dr… Read more Get Access
Association between spiritual well-being and depression among adults with Type 2 diabetes Pages: 969-972 Urooj-un-nisa and Humera Shafi (Department of Psycology, University of Kashmir Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India) The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between spiritual well-being (SWB) and depression among adults among Type 2 diabetes. The Universe of the Study was based on 430 Type 2 diabetic adults from Endocare: Advanced centre for diabetes and endocrine care. Purposive sampling was carried out to collect the data. SWB scale developed by Paloutzian and Ellison (1982) was used to investigate SWB among Type 2 diabetic adults and Beck’s Depression Inventory-II by Beck et al. (1996) was used to investigate depression among these diabetic adults. The results showed significant negative correlation between SWB and depression among Type 2 diabetic adults. Results also revealed that Type 2 diabetic adults differ significantly on SWB with respect to their gender but regarding rural/urban dichotomy and their educational status, Type 2 diabetic adults didn’t differ significantly. Further results also showed significant differences on depression among Type 2 diabetic adults as far as their gender and educational status is concerned but with respect to rural/urban dichotomy they didn’t differ significantly. Pages: 969-972Urooj-un-nisa and Humera Shafi (Department of Psycology, University of Kashmir Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir… Read more Get Access
Mental health, wellbeing and welfare of aged Pages: 973-975 Sushree Rekha Mohanty (Department of Psychology, Maharshi Women’s Degree College, Sailashree Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India) The growing numbers of older people are forcing nearly all societies and give recognition to the needs of aging and aged to develop program and facilities for meeting them. It includes good mental health, sense of wellbeing and quality of life of the elderly. The state, which has as its goal the general wellbeing of its people, cannot ignore the welfare of the elderly who have given their best years to society. Pages: 973-975Sushree Rekha Mohanty (Department of Psychology, Maharshi Women’s Degree College, Sailashree Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha… Read more Get Access
A comparative study of psychological-well-being among girls and boys Pages: 976-978 Namita Shah (Department of Psychology, Government of Arts & Commerce College, Jafrabad, Amreli, Gujarat, India) There are many internal and external factors that play very important role in psychological well-being (PWB). And it is also the fact that the PWB, it depends on every human nature. In the present time, every students suffer in academic stress, social anxiety, and sometimes depression also. And this all surrounding factors are affected on person’s well-being either mental or physical. The main aim of the present research is to find out the PWB among girls and boys student. In this study, PWB questionnaire was used which was constructed and standardized by Bhogle (1995). And t-test was applied to check the difference between the two groups. The result obtained through the study showed (t=4.63) significant difference among boys and girls. Pages: 976-978Namita Shah (Department of Psychology, Government of Arts & Commerce College, Jafrabad, Amreli, Gujarat… Read more Get Access
The multidimensional aspect of stress and its management Pages: 979-984 Roomana N. Siddiqui (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh Uttar Pradesh, India) Shabana Mazhar (Joseph School of Business Management, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India) The fast-changing pace of modern living has put human beings under insurmountable pressure. Be it the home or work place, individuals are subjected to different forms of demands and expectations. This could relate to meeting deadlines, completion of the task, reaching one’s destination as per requirement, meeting one’s own aspirations or families expectations, all add to the pressure. This pressure may be a harbinger of the stress experience. According to Baum (1990), stress is any uncomfortable “emotional experience accompanied by predictable biochemical, physiological, and behavioral changes”. This multidimensional nature of stress makes its understanding quite intriguing as well as challenging. Since stress is the bane of modern life, one cannot simply remove it neither ignore it. It is here to stay. Stress gets aggravated if there is denial or reluctance to confront it. Instead of denial, one needs to identify the stress symptoms and deal with it in an effective manner. It is best to have a problem focused approach wherein one makes a positive attempt to manage the situation in a manner that either solves the problem or minimizes the impact of stress. Pages: 979-984Roomana N. Siddiqui (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh Uttar Pradesh, India)Shabana Mazhar… Read more Get Access
Psycho-social concomitants of coping behavior among mothers of mentally retarded children Pages: 990-994 Sudha Rathore and Roopa Mathur (Department of Psychology, IIS University Jaipur, Rajasthan, India) Parents of children with disability have additional demand than the parents of children without disability. Perhaps because of this reason dysfunctional families are particularly noticeable in medical setting, much of the literature on families with children with disability has approached family stress from a deficit model. Successful, adaptive functioning of families with children with disability has not received sufficient attention. In fact, there is a growing body of knowledge, which indicates that the presence of a family member with a disability may contribute to the strengthening of the entire family unit, as well as contribute positively to the quality of life of individual members of the family. Children with supportive parents have fewer problems and also reported positive change in life. These parents, especially mothers used problem-focused coping, religious-faith and denial-blame. They also reported that as coping increases psychological stress decreases. Social factors play important role in coping. Support by others to the mothers of developmentally delayed children act as the facilitators in carrying up the life ahead. Parents especially mothers of developmentally delayed shows high resilient behavior and high quality of the dyadic relationship. Pages: 990-994Sudha Rathore and Roopa Mathur (Department of Psychology, IIS University Jaipur, Rajasthan, India) Read more Get Access
Need of psychological well-being and coping strategies among the parents of disabled children Pages: 995-997 Mubashir Gull (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India) The present article is an endeavor to find out the importance of psychological well-being and coping strategies among the parents of disabled children. As the parents of disabled children are facing psychological stress due to the presence of their disabled children. Hence, these parents need to have sound psychological well-being; subsequently they should know the implications of coping strategies. Parents of these children should be well aware of the coping strategies as it helps them to deal with these disabled children’s comfortably. Pages: 995-997Mubashir Gull (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India) Read more Get Access
Stress and depression among mothers of children with mental retardation Pages: 998-999 Shams Un Nisa, Humera Shafi and Touseef Rizvi (Department of Psychology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India) Child’s disability has a profound impact on parent’s functioning especially mothers. Mothers are most distressed, and this stress shows itself in the form of depression and other psychological problems and causes mother’s function or performance to drop. The present research endeavor was aimed to study the relationship of different stressors with depression among mothers of children with mental retardation. The sample consisted of 38 mothers of mentally retarded children drawn from three institutes of Srinagar city working for these children. The results of the study revealed that there is a significant positive correlation between different stresses (viz. daily care stress, family emotional stress, social stress, and financial stress) and depression. Pages: 998-999Shams Un Nisa, Humera Shafi and Touseef Rizvi (Department of Psychology, University of Kashmir… Read more Get Access
Reduced craving and change in locus of control as a result of motivational enhancement therapy in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome Pages: 1000-1003 Vikas (Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand) D. Ram (Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, Ranchi) Abdul Khalique (Department of Psychology, Ranchi University, Ranchi) Alcohol and drug dependence disorder is characterized by a chronic course with frequent relapses. Various psychosocial and physiological factors have been identified which predict relapse in alcohol dependence Craving and locus of control can be prominent factors of relapse in patients with alcohol dependence. In this study, sample consisted of 30 patients with the diagnosis of mental and behavior disorders due to use of alcohol, currently using the substance (active dependence) and fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criterion. This was a hospital based prospective intervention study of pre-post design. All the patients received Motivational Enhancement Therapy for 3 weeks and assessed on craving and locus of control before and after MET. The analysis included descriptive statistics and paired t test. Results show that there was significant difference in all the domain of craving and locus of control (p < 0.001). After Motivational Enhancement Therapy patients showed reduced craving and started to attribute their drinking behavior internally. Thus, it can be concluded that Motivational Enhancement Therapy had significant role in maintaining abstinence in patients with alcohol dependence. Pages: 1000-1003Vikas (Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand)D. Ram (Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute… Read more Get Access
Impact of personality in the subjective perception of visual acuity among myopic patients practicing eye relaxation Pages: 1004-1008 Lekshmi. K (Department of Psychology, University of Kerala, Kerala ) Myopia is a condition where both the lens and the cornea are too strong or the eye ball too long that the parallel rays entering the eye converge into focus anterior to the light sensitive area of the retina. Studies indicate stress disorders may be characterized by neurological disorders like impairment in taste, vision, smell and tongue movements (Hussain.A, 1999). Stress is found to accelerate the progression of myopia. In tissues directly affected by stress a Local Adaptation Syndrome (LAS) can occur, triggering selective exhaustion of muscles, eyes or inflamed tissues all represented in the final stages only in LAS. LAS in turn stimulate the hypothalamic pituitary adrenalin inducing the production of cortisol. Cortisol in excess in combination with reduced level of testosterone levels indicates myopia (Balacco, 1982). The physiological effect of stress is also influenced by the psychological makeup of the individual, as in the case of personality. One of the most accurate and concise measure of personality is through self report inventories like five factor inventory of personality. The five factors in consideration are extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness to experience. The present study attempts to trace the effect of eye relaxation practices on myopic patients taking into account the influence of personality. The sample included in the study is 42 myopic patients. Intervention involving ten sessions of eye relaxation practices are given to the sample. Analysis of the results indicates that openness to experience can be taken as an individual personality dimension that influences the change in visual acuity affected through eye relaxation practices. Pages: 1004-1008Lekshmi. K (Department of Psychology, University of Kerala, Kerala ) Read more Get Access
Trait emotional intelligence among the parents of children with autism and typically developing children Pages: 1009-1012 V. Premanand, Krishna Kumari K. and Tessy P. Mathew (Department of Clinical Psychology, St. Agnes Centre for Post Graduate Studies and Research, Mangalore) Parents of children with autism need to possess skills necessary to deal with the intense interpersonal demands of caring for their children. Recently parent focused therapies for autism are gaining importance. Present study compared the Trait Emotional Intelligence of Parents of the Children with Autism and the Typically Developing Children. As Emotional Intelligence of parents can influence the quality of their care giving as well as the Emotional Intelligence of their children, the findings of the current study may have application value in helping the parents of children with Autism. Present study compared the Trait Emotional Intelligence of the Parents of Children with Autism (PA) and Typically Developing Children (PT). Two groups of parents (PA-30, PT-30) completed Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (TEIQue-SF). Independent sample t-test was used to find out the differences in Trait Emotional Intelligence between PA and PT groups. PA group scored significantly lower in Well-being, Self-Control and Sociability than PT group. Though, PA group scored low on Emotionality, the difference was not statistically significant. Based on the findings, implications are discussed. Pages: 1009-1012V. Premanand, Krishna Kumari K. and Tessy P. Mathew (Department of Clinical Psychology, St… Read more Get Access
Developing a gender-based participatory training model for improvement of cadres’ competences in maternal and child health Pages: 1013-1016 Merry Wijaya (Department of Nonformal and Continuing Education, School of Postgraduate Studies, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi No. 229 Bandung, Indonesia) There was a case of maternal death in Pataruman Administrative Village due to late medical aids and low competences of the cadres. The phenomenon has to be taken under research in order to find solutions as inputs for the government. The research aimed to improve cadres' competences in maternal and child health. The method used was research and development, while sampling was done purposively, with a number of 30 respondents, using Guillford's measurement scale. The outcomes of the research showed that: 1) Empirically, the process of health cadres' training did not use participatory method and was not appropriate to the characteristics of adult teaching and learning; in addition, the content of the training was not based on the local needs; 2) Improvement in the competence of maternal and child health of the cadres was observable after they joined gender-based participatory training; 3) The cadres experienced improvement in their understanding on the influence of gender on maternal and child health after joining the gender-based participatory training; 4) The instructional model was developed based on philosophical and psychological principles, linked to the problems of maternal and child health appropriate to the community's needs; 5) In the implementation, the model could be accepted by the training participants; 6) The effectiveness test of the model using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test demonstrated a significant difference. The development of participatory training materials using andragogy principles in the dimensions of health and gender, applied in an integrative way in the whole training program, was an innovative and effective model in improving health cadres' competences. The training should be supported by the government to be experimented in some regions, ultimately remote areas. The training method can be an added value for other training programs, especially those in the field of health. Pages: 1013-1016Merry Wijaya (Department of Nonformal and Continuing Education, School of Postgraduate Studies, Universitas Pendidikan… Read more Get Access
Correlation of grip strength with the duration of diabetes in diabetic individuals Pages: 1017-1022 Alka Pawalia and Shabnam Joshi (Department of Physiotherapy, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana) Vikram Singh Yadav (College of Physiotherapy, Pt. B. D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana) The objective of the current study was to measure (1) the Grip strength of type2 diabetes mellitus patients and (2) to find correlation of grip strength with duration of diabetes. Co-relational study design. Total of 280 subjects who fulfills the inclusion criteria participated in the study, out of which 140 subjects are known cases of recent or old type2 diabetes mellitus and 140 cases are normal subjects. Grip strength of normal subjects as well as diabetic subjects suffering with type2 diabetes mellitus was measured for both left and right hand with the help of a hydraulic hand dynamometer by a standardized procedure. Values of grip strength in normal as well as diabetic subjects were compared for differences between left and right hand using related t test. Differences of grip strength between diabetics and normal subjects, between males and females subjects were seen using independent t test, also correlation of grip strength with the duration of diabetes was calculated using Pearson product moment correlation. The results of the study showed normal subjects having more grip strength than diabetics in both males as well as females; also female subjects are having less grip strength than male subjects in both normal and diabetic subjects. Results of the study also show that right hand has more grip strength than left hand in both normal subjects as well as in diabetics for both males and females. Further it was seen that a week negative correlation exists between grip strength and the duration of diabetes i.e. as the duration of diabetes increases grip strength decreases. Pages: 1017-1022Alka Pawalia and Shabnam Joshi (Department of Physiotherapy, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science &… Read more Get Access
Role of resilience as a moderator between the relationship of occupational stress and psychological health Pages: 1023-1026 Shashi Prabha Kashyap and Sandeep Kumar (Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P.) Anshula Krishna (Vasanta Collage for Women, Varanasi, U.P.) The purpose of this study was to examine the role of resilience as a moderator of the relationship between occupational stress and psychological health of the employees of supervisory level. The present study was conducted on 315 supervisory level employees of a manufacturing organization in India. The sample was selectedusing convenience sampling method. The different tools used for data collection in this study are Occupational Stress Index (Srivastava & Singh, 1981), General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg & Hiller, 1979), and Resilience & Optimism Scale (Srivastava, 2008).The moderated regression analysis of the data revealed that resilience significantly moderate the relationship between occupational stress and psychological health of the supervisors. This study may help supervisors to understand their positive traits or attributes like resilience which could help in coping with occupational stress and maintaining good psychological health to work efficiently which is need of the hour for smooth functioning of organizations. Pages: 1023-1026Shashi Prabha Kashyap and Sandeep Kumar (Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P.)Anshula… Read more Get Access
Coping strategies amongst the patients of arthritis Pages: 1027-1031 Suman Hooda (Clinical Psychologist, Rohtak, Haryana) Promila Batra and Sarvdeep Kohli (Department of Psychology, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana) Arthritis is a chronic disease which has a very high incidence in India. The prevalence of RA in India is quite similar to that reported from the developed countries. It is higher than that reported from China, Indonesia, Philippines and rural Africa (Malaviya, Kapoor, Singh, Kumar & Pande,1993).The chronic disease involves a variety of acute pain that has been shown to cripple everyday activities. The consequent perceived loss of control affects the routine psychological and social adjustment. The pain and daily hassles lead to a variety of emotional reactions e.g. anxiety and depression etc. Therefore, it is all the more important to learn about how to cope with this disease. Keeping this in mind it was planned to study the coping strategies amongst the patients of arthritis and compare these with control group. A convenient sample of 120 subjects, 60 suffering from arthritis and 60 healthy controls (30 males and 30 females in each category) in the age range of 35-50 years (mean age 42.04 years) was selected from rural/ urban areas of Haryana. A two group design was employed with n=60.Coping Response Inventory (Adult Form) by Moos (1993) was administered. The analysis was done by employing t-test. The results indicated that the patients of arthritis were significantly high on avoidance coping. Two types of avoidance coping i.e., cognitive avoidance and acceptance or resignation were being more significantly used by the arthritis patients in their daily living conditions. However, they did not differ in the total approach coping strategies from the control group, although there was a significant difference in logical analysis. No significant difference was observed in other three types of approach coping i.e., positive reappraisal, seeking guidance and support and problem solving between the two groups. The findings have been discussed in terms of implications in preparing the psycho-educative programs for arthritis patients of arthritis. Pages: 1027-1031Suman Hooda (Clinical Psychologist, Rohtak, Haryana)Promila Batra and Sarvdeep Kohli (Department of Psychology, M… Read more Get Access
Validation of the Egyptian version of the intimate partner: Acceptance- rejection/control questionnaire (IPAR/CQ) Pages: 1032-1035 Shaimaa E. Basha (Department of Psychology, Helwan University, Egypt) This study aims to assess the reliability, and validity of the Egyptian version of Intimate partner Acceptance- Rejection/ Control Questionnaire (IPAR/CQ) prepared by Rohner, study were conducted in Egypt. A sample of (N= 151) Egyptian married adults (70 men and 81 women). Ranged from 22 through 60 years (M= 38.38, SD= 9.546). Results obtained in the Egyptian sample were consistent with other validation studies conducted in the U.S., Turkey, and India, with regard to reliability coefficients for the Egyptian IPAR/CQ scales, the measure's factor structure. The IPAR/CQ is a reliable, and valid measure for assessing the perceptions of intimate partner acceptance-rejection and behavioral control in Egypt, Thus it is a cross culture questionnaire. Pages: 1032-1035Shaimaa E. Basha (Department of Psychology, Helwan University, Egypt) Read more Get Access
Development and validation of student’s sources of stress scale Pages: 1036-1039 Mehmoodun Nisa and Naheed Nizami (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P.) Stress is a normal human experience and common among college students as they endeavor to adjust and adapt to multiple life experiences that become a routine part of their life. It is a normal reaction to challenging situations or an ambiguous environment, but becomes a problem when environmental demands exceed a person's adaptive capacity to cope, which becomes a threat to the well-being of a person. It's also true that one cannot eliminate stress but it can be reduced in their life. The stressors are normative demands and critical life events include family and peer relationships, financial status, personal health, employment, career, educational plans, school grades, academic pressure, intrapersonal conflict, school environment, lack of social resources etc. These stressors are responsible for physical and psychological problems may leads to low level of mental health, self-esteem, self-concept etc. among college students, that may increases the likelihood of antisocial behaviour, rise in anxiety, drug abuse and even it may result to the extent of suicide. Consequently the present student's sources of stress scale developed in order to provide a comprehensive measurement of stress experienced by college students. Presentscale was developed through discussion with experts in the field also items related to these sources collected from available literature, books as well as different existing tests of stress. The scale consists of 87 items all were grouped under four types of stressors namely interpersonal stress, intrapersonal stress, academic stress and environmental stress experienced by college students. Reliability and validity of the scale was also found out. Pages: 1036-1039Mehmoodun Nisa and Naheed Nizami (Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P.) Read more Get Access
Experiences of newly diagnosed cancer patients: A qualitative analysis Pages: 1040-1044 Reetinder Kaur (Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh) The experiences of cancer patients at the time of diagnosis affect their future course of treatment. The present study was conducted to understand the experiences of newly diagnosed cancer patients. The data was collected from 230 cancer patients using an interview guide. The experiences of cancer patients were divided into various themes: ignoring symptoms and late diagnosis, social support at the time of diagnosis, previous experiences and role in decision-making and information needs at the time of diagnosis. The results suggest that there is a need to understand the experiences of patients at the time of diagnosis in socio-cultural context so that therapeutic process can be made more sensitive and effective. The careful analysis of the experiences of patients at the time of diagnosis suggests that there is a need for more information and open communication between the patients, caregivers and health care providers. The health care of cancer patients should be made more culturally sensitive and family centered. Pages: 1040-1044Reetinder Kaur (Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh) Read more Get Access
Improving quality of life of dementia patients with the help of shankhapushpi treatment given for two months Pages: 1045-1049 Rajesh Kumar (HES-II, GHS Hurithal, Palwal, Haryana) The study was aimed to find out the effect of the herbal medicine 'Shankhapushpi' on Quality of Life of dementia patients. The study was conducted by employing a two group design on 80 patients suffering from dementia of SDAT and MIT. The experimental group was given treatment of Shankhapushpi for two months. Dementia Quality of Life Instrument by Meryl Broad was used as a tool to assess the quality of life of the patients. The findings of the study supported the hypothesis. Pages: 1045-1049Rajesh Kumar (HES-II, GHS Hurithal, Palwal, Haryana) Read more Get Access
Family types and cognitive deficits in autism Pages: 1054-1057 Nirupama Bhuyan (D.A.V Public School, Cuttack, Odisha) Sadasiba Mohapatra (Retd. Prof of Rajadhani College, Bhubaneswar, Odisha) “Autism is a lifelong developmental disability that affects how a person communicates with, and relates to, other people. It also affects how they make sense of the world around them.” Autism is a complex developmental disability that typically appears during the first three years of life and affects a person's ability to communicate and interact with others. It is believed that the syndrome of autism probably begins before birth. That is why it is considered a congenital birth defect. Autism is also known as the tri-impaired disorder: social impairment, language / communication impairment and repetitive/restrictive behaviour. Autism occurs more frequently in males. The sex ratio is approximately 3.5 to 1 which are similar to other developmental disabilities. The prevalence of autism is generally estimated as 1 case per 1000 population. Mudur (2004) found out that one in 500 Indian infants has autism. Gardner (2008) found out that children who are born underweight or early have more than double the risk of developing autism and the risk was especially pronounced among low-birth-weight girls. Park et al. (2014) suggested that males are more severely affected than autistic females in major symptoms. Many other studies have indicated a number of key factors related with autism, but the association between family types and the development of autism has not been discussed anywhere despite its' significance. The present study was conducted with the objectives to assess different cognitive deficits in autistic children and to find out the effect of joint family and nuclear family on autism. The study comprised of 60 autistic children within the age group of 3 to 5 years belonging to different socioeconomic background. They were selected randomly and diagnosed through administration of Autism Checklist (AC) and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Their performances were tested with the help of Hema Pandey's scale “Pandey's Cognitive Development Test for Pre- schoolers (PCDTP)”, which consists of six sub-tests (Concept Formation, Information, Comprehension, Visual Perception, Memory and Object Vocabulary). The data found in Hema Pandey's test along with the demographic scores analyzed statistically by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). In the result, it was found that family types have more or less significant effect in determining cognitive deficits of autistic children. As regards Concept Formation, it is found that children in nuclear family have significantly more deficits than those coming from joint families, whereas in Information process, though not significant the nuclear family children indicated more deficits than those from joint families. As regards Visual Perception scores, it is found that the autistics belonging to nuclear families have more deficits than those belonging to joint families. Analysis of Variance performed on Object Vocabulary indicates that children from nuclear families have more cognitive deficits than the children from joint families. Regarding Memory scores, the children from joint families performed significantly better than the children from nuclear families. Overall, the findings of the above study strongly establish the fact that the types of families have significant contribution towards cognitive functioning in autism. The subjects with joint family Pages: 1054-1057Nirupama Bhuyan (D.A.V Public School, Cuttack, Odisha)Sadasiba Mohapatra (Retd. Prof of Rajadhani College, Bhubaneswar… Read more Get Access
To study the AIDS awareness among adolescence in urban and rural areas of Haridwar district Pages: 1058-1062 Anusuiya Tyagi (M. K. P. (P.G.) College, Dehradun, Uttrakhand) The present study was undertaken to determine the awareness of HIV/AIDS among adolescents. The Sample for the study consisted of 60 males and 60 females, age ranged 15 to 18 and sample was randomly selected from urban and rural schools of Haridwar District, Uttrakhand. All subjects were assessed on AIDS Awareness Questionnaire (Asthana, 1999). There were questions from three major areas (i) Modes of HIV infection and location of HIV in the body, (ii) Symptoms of AIDS, and (iii) Tests and protection. Statistical analysis T-Test was carried out. Results revealed that there is a significance difference between urban and rural adolescents on AIDS Awareness of Haridwar Districts. Rural adolescents have comparatively better awareness than urban adolescents. On the other hand, rural girls have better awareness than the rural boys. But urban girls are lesser aware than the urban boys. In the conclusion, there is need to increase HIV/AIDS awareness and getting this goal reproductive health education should be part of curriculum in all schools. These should be classroom based education programme on HIV/AIDS, which must begin from secondary classes onwards and a class teacher, should be properly trained for educating the students effectively, Seminars & Exhibition will be also useful to create awareness among adolescents. Pages: 1058-1062Anusuiya Tyagi (M. K. P. (P.G.) College, Dehradun, Uttrakhand) Read more Get Access

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